Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T07:00:07.385Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Commitment, Enjoyment and Motivation in Young Soccer Competitive Players

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Alexandre Garcia-Mas ,
Pere Palou ,
Margarita Gili ,
Xavier Ponseti ,
Pere A. Borras ,
Josep Vidal ,
Jaume Cruz ,
Miquel Torregrosa ,
Francisco Villamarín  and
Catarina Sousa
Alexandre Garcia-Mas*
Affiliation:
Universidad de las Islas Baleares (Spain)
Pere Palou
Affiliation:
Universidad de las Islas Baleares (Spain)
Margarita Gili
Affiliation:
Universidad de las Islas Baleares (Spain)
Xavier Ponseti
Affiliation:
Universidad de las Islas Baleares (Spain)
Pere A. Borras
Affiliation:
Universidad de las Islas Baleares (Spain)
Josep Vidal
Affiliation:
Universidad de las Islas Baleares (Spain)
Jaume Cruz
Affiliation:
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)
Miquel Torregrosa
Affiliation:
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)
Francisco Villamarín
Affiliation:
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)
Catarina Sousa
Affiliation:
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Alexandre Garcia-Mas, Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de las Islas Baleares. Cra. de Valldemossa km 7,5. 07122 Palma. Islas Baleares. (Spain). E-mail address: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Building upon Deci's and Ryan (1985) Self-determination theory as well as the sportive behavioral correlates of the model of Commitment (Scanlan et al., 1976), this study tries to establish the relationship between motivation and commitment in youth sport. For this purpose 454 young competitive soccer players answered the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) and the Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ) during the regular season.

The SMS measures the three dimensions of the Motivational continuum (the Amotivation, the Extrinsic Motivation and the Intrinsic Motivation). The SCQ measures the Sportive Commitment and its composing factors such as the Enjoyment, the Alternatives to the sport, and the Social Pressure. Our findings provided a clear pattern of the influence of motivation in sport enjoyment and commitment, outlining the positive contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enjoyment and commitment. Amotivation, contributes positively to alternatives to sport and negatively to enjoyment and commitment. It should be noted that extrinsic motivation has a higher contribution to enjoyment whereas intrinsic motivation has a higher contribution to commitment.

Fundamentándose en la teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 1985) así como en los correlatos conductuales del modelo de Compromiso (Scanlan et al. 1976), este estudio trata de establecer las relaciones entre motivación y compromiso en jóvenes jugadores de fútbol. Con este propósito 454 jóvenes jugadores de fútbol contestaron la Escala de Motivación Deportiva (SMS) y el Cuestionario de Compromiso Deportivo (SCQ).

El SMS mide las tres dimensiones del continuum motivacional (Amotivación, Motivación extrínseca y motivación intrínseca). El SCQ mide el compromiso deportivo y los factores que lo componen, tales como el disfrute, las alternativas al deporte y la presión social. Nuestros resultados proporcionan un patrón claro acerca de la influencia de la motivación en el compromiso y la diversión en el deporte, subrayando la contribución positiva de la motivación intrínseca y extrínseca en la diversión y el compromiso. La amotivación contribuye positivamente a las alternativas al deporte y negativamente a la diversión y el compromiso. Es de destacar que la motivación extrínseca tiene una contribución mayor a la diversión, mientras que la motivación intrínseca tiene una contribución mayor al compromiso.

Keywords

commitmentenjoymentself-determinationsocceryoung playerscompromisodisfruteautodeterminaciónfútboljóvenes jugadores
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , November 2010 , pp. 609 - 616
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alderman, R. B. (1976). Incentive Motivation in Sport: An interpretative speculation of research opportunities. In Fisher, A.C. (Ed.), Psychology of Sports: Issues & Insights. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.Google Scholar
Alderman, R. B. (1980). Strategies for motivating young athletes In Starub, W. F. (Ed.), Sport Psychology: An Analysis of Athlete Behavior.(pp. 136–148). Ithaca, NY: Mouvement.Google Scholar
Alderman, R. B., & Wood, N. L. (1976). An analysis of inventive motivation in young Canadian athletes. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 1, 169–176.Google Scholar
Birch, D., & Veroff, J. (1966). Motivation: A study of action. Belmont, CA: Brooks-Cole.Google Scholar
Boixadós, M., Cruz, J., Torregrosa, M., & Valiente, L. (2004). Relationships among motivational climate, satisfaction, perceived ability and fair play attitudes in young soccer players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 301–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brière, N. M., Vallerand, R. J., Blais, M. R., & Pelletier, L. G. (1995). Développement e validation d'une mesure de motivation intrinsèque, extrinsèque et d'amotivation en contexte sportif: l'Échelle de Motivation dans les Sports (EMS). International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 465–489.Google Scholar
Carratalá, E., Guzmán, J. F., Carratalá, V., & Garcia, A. (2006). La Diversión en la Práctica deportiva en función del Modelo Jerárquico de la Motivación: un estudio con deportistas de especialización deportiva. Motricidad, 15, 148–155.Google Scholar
Cattel, R. B., & Child, D. (1975). Motivation and dynamic structure. London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Chen, Z., & Francesco, A. M. (2003). The relationship between the three components of commitment and employee performance in China. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 490–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeCharms, R. (1968). Personal Causation. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L. (1972). Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Reinforcement, and Inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22(1), 113–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, R. L. (1975). Intrinsic Motivation. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, R. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39–80). New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Deci, R. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dishman, R. K. (1984). Motivation and exercise adherence. In Silva, J. M., & Weinberg, R. S. (Eds.), Psychological foundations of sport (pp. 420–434). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and Sport. Journal of Education Psychology, 26, 5–23.Google Scholar
Garaigordobil, M. (1999). Assessment of a Cooperative-Creative Program of Assertive Behavior and Self-Concept. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 2(1), 3–10.Google Scholar
Gill, D., Gross, J., & Huddleston, S. (1983). Participation motivation in youth sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 14, 1–14.Google Scholar
Halliwell, W. R. (1980). A reaction to Deci's paper on intrinsic motivation. In Landers, D. M., & Christina, R. W. (Eds.), Psychology of motor behavior and sport – 1977 (pp. 397–402). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered: Toward a developmental model. Human Development, 1, 34–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal relations: A theory of independence. New York: Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Li, F. (1999). The Exercise Motivation Scale: Its multifaceted Structure and Construct Validity. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 97–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martens, M. P., & Webber, S. N. (2002). Psychometric properties of the sport motivation scale: an evaluation with college varsity athletes from the U.S. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24, 254–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
McAuley, E., Duncan, T. E., & Tammen, V. V. (1989). Psychometric properties of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory in a competitive sport setting: A confirmatory factor analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60(1), 48–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAuley, E., Wraith, S., & Duncan, T. (1991). Self-efficacy, perceptions of success, and intrinsic motivation for exercise. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21, 139–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClelland, D. C. (1985). Human Motivation. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Morris, T., & Choi, W. B. (1993). Development of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory for use with australian childs and adolescents. In Serpa, S., Alves, J., Ferreira, V., & Paula-Brito, A. (Eds.), Actas do VIII Congresso Mundial de Psicologia do Desporto (pp. 476–480). Lisboa: ISSP, SPPD and FMH.Google Scholar
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations on personality. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ntoumanis, N. (2001). Empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport. Journal of Sport Sciences, 19, 397–409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Núñez, J. L., Martín-Albo, J., & Navarro, J. G. (2007). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala de Motivación Deportiva (SMS). Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 16, 211–223.Google Scholar
Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., & Vallerand, R. J. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17, 35–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. (1980). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: A test of the investment model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 172–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the extrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, R. M. (1993). Agency and Organization: Intrinsic Motivation, autonomy, and the self in psychological development. In Jacobs, E. (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation 1992: Vol. 40. Developmental Perspectives on motivation. Current theory and research in motivation (pp. 1–56). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scanlan, T. K.; Simons, J. P., Carpenter, P. J., Schmidt, G. W., & Keeler, B. (1993). The sport commitment model: measurement development for the youth-sport domain. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15, 16–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sousa, C., Torregrosa, M., Viladrich, C., Villamarín, F., & Cruz, J. (2007). The Commitment of young soccer players. Psicothema, 19, 256–262.Google ScholarPubMed
Ulrich-French, S., & Smith, A. L. (2006). Perceptions of relationships with parents and peers in youth sport: Independent and combined prediction of motivational outcomes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 193–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallerand, R. J. (1983). The effect of differential Amounts of Positive feedback on the Intrinsic Motivation of male Hockey Players. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 100–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallerand, R. J., Blais, M. R., Brière, N. M., & Pelletier, L. G. (1989). Construction et validation de l'Échelle de Motivation en Éducation (EME). Canadian Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 21, 323–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Intrinsic Motivation in Sport. In. Pandolf, K.B. (Ed.), Exercise and sports sciences reviews (Vol.15, pp. 389–425). New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Vallerand, R. J., & Loisier, G. F. (1999). An integrative Analysis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 142–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, R. S. (1984). The relationship between extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation. In Silva, J. M., & Weinberg, R. S. (Eds.), Psychological foundations of sport (pp. 177–187). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 225–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed