Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T20:07:31.447Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Coach Autonomy Support and Quality of Sport Engagement in Young Soccer Players

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

María Sol Álvarez ,
Isabel Balaguer ,
Isabel Castillo  and
Joan L. Duda
María Sol Álvarez
Affiliation:
Universitate de Valéncia (Spain)
Isabel Balaguer*
Affiliation:
Universitate de Valéncia (Spain)
Isabel Castillo
Affiliation:
Universitate de Valéncia (Spain)
Joan L. Duda
Affiliation:
The University of Birmingham(UK)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Isabel Balaguer, Universitat de Valéncia, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Social, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia (Spain). Phone: +34 96 386 45 72. Fax: +34 96 386 46 68. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Based on the self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000), this study tested a model of the assumed sequential relationships between perceived autonomy support, psychological need satisfaction, self-determined motivation, and enjoyment/boredom. The hypothesized mediational roles of psychological need satisfaction and self-determined motivation were also studied. In a sample of 370 young male soccer players, path analysis results offered support for the proposed model. Total mediation was supported in the case of the psychological need satisfaction in the relationship between autonomy support and self-determined motivation, and partial mediation for self-determined motivation in the links between psychological need satisfaction and enjoyment (positive) and boredom (negative). Implications of autonomy-supportive behaviors provided by coaches for the quality of sport involvement among young athletes are discussed.

En el marco de la teoría de la autodeterminación (Ryan & Deci, 2000), en este estudio se puso a prueba un modelo en el que se analizaron de forma secuencial las relaciones entre la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas, la motivación autodeterminada y la diversión y el aburrimiento; así como el papel mediador hipotetizado de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas y de la motivación autodeterminada. Los resultados del path análisis realizados con una muestra de 370 jóvenes futbolistas varones, ofrecieron apoyo al modelo propuesto. A su vez los análisis de mediación informaron que se producía una mediación total de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas en las relaciones entre el apoyo a la autonomía y la motivación autodeterminada y una mediación parcial de la motivación autodeterminada con respecto a los enlaces entre la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas y la diversión (positivo) y aburrimiento (negativo). Se discuten las implicaciones que las conductas de apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador pueden tener para la calidad de la implicación deportiva en los jóvenes deportistas.

Keywords

autonomy supportpsychological needsself-determined motivationenjoyment / boredomsoccerapoyo a la autonomíanecesidades psicológicasmotivación autodeterminadadiversión/ aburrimientofútbol
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , May 2009 , pp. 138 - 148
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34, 2045–2068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balaguer, I. (2007). Clima motivacional, calidad de la implicación y bienestar psicológico: una propuesta de intervención en equipos deportivos. In Blanco, A. & Marín, J. Rodríguez (Coords.), Intervención Psicosocial (pp. 135–162). Madrid. Pearson Educación, S.A.Google Scholar
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2003). La Escala de Motivación Deportiva: una nueva medida de la motivación intrínseca, motivación extrínseca y no-motivación. Análisis psicométrico de la versión española. Proceedings of the II Congreso Internacional de Psicología Aplicada al Deporte (p. 165). Madrid: Dykinson, S.L.Google Scholar
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., Álvarez, M. S., & Duda, J. L. (2005). Importance of social context in the prediction of self-determination and well-being in athletes of different level. Paper presented at 9th European Congress of Psychology. Granada (Spain).Google Scholar
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2007). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Motivación Deportiva en deportistas españoles. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 24, 197–207.Google Scholar
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2008). Apoyo a la autonomía, satisfacción de las necesidades, motivación y bienestar en deportistas de competición: un análisis de la teoría de la autodeterminación. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 17, 123–139.Google Scholar
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I.Duda, J. L., & Tomás, I. (2009). Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Cuestionario de Clima en el Deporte. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 18, 73–83.Google Scholar
Blanchard, C. & Vallerand, R. J. (1996). Perceptions of competence, autonomy, and relatedness as psychological mediators of the social factors-contextual motivation relationship. Unpublished manuscript. Université du Québec à Montréal.Google Scholar
Bríère, N., Vallerand, R.Blais, N. & Pelletier, L. (1995). Development and validation of a measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 465–489.Google Scholar
Carmines, E.G., & McIver, J.P. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. In Bornstedt, G. W., & Borgatta, E. F. (Eds.), Social measurement: Current issues (pp. 112–133). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Castillo, I.Balaguer, I. & Duda, J. L. (2000). Las orientaciones de meta y los motivos de práctica deportiva en los jóvenes deportistas valencianos escolarizados. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 9, 37–50.Google Scholar
Castillo, I.Balaguer, I. & Duda, J. L. (2002). Las perspectivas de meta de los adolescentes en el contexto deportivo. Psicothema, 14, 280–287.Google Scholar
Cole, D. & Maxwell, S. E. (1985). Multitrait-multimethod comparisons across populations: A confirmatory factor analysis approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 18, 147–167.Google Scholar
Deci, E. L. (1980). The psychology of self-determination. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.Google Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1024–1037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In Dienstibier, R. (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237–288). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D.Usunov, J. & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern block country. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 930–942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation in education: The self-determination perspective. The Educational Psychologist, 26, 325–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duda, J. L. (2001). Achievement goal research in sport: Pushing the boundaries and clarifying some misunderstandings. In Roberts, G. C. (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 129–182). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 290–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frederick, C. M. (1999). Measuring participation motivation in sport: The MPAM approach. Paper presented at the First International Conference on Self-Determination Theory. Rochester, NY.Google Scholar
Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 372–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, D. L., Gross, J. B., & Huddleston, S. (1983). Participation motivation in youth sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 14, 1–14.Google Scholar
Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In Hoyle, R. H. (Ed.), Structural equation modeling. Concepts, issues and applications (pp. 76–99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (2003). LISREL 8.54 for Windows [Computer Software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.Google Scholar
McAuley, E.Duncan, T. & Tammen, V. V. (1989). Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting: A confirmatory factor analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60, 48–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAuley, E. & Tammen, V. V. (1989). The effects of subjective and objective competitive outcomes on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 84–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A prospective study of participation in optional school physical education using a self-determination theory framework. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 444–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Nuñez, J. L., Martín-Albo, J., Navarro, J. G., & González, V. M. (2006). Preliminary validation of a Spanish version of the Sport Motivation Scale. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 102, 919–930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Briàre, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 35–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 269–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinboth, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Dimensions of coaching behavior, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 297–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richer, S. & Vallerand, R. J. (1998). Construction and validation of the Perceived Relatedness Scale. Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée, 48, 129–137.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63, 397–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). An overview of self-determination theory: An organismic-dialectical perspective. In Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3–33). Rochester, NY: The University of Rochester Press.Google Scholar
Sarrazin, P.Vallerand, R.Guillet, E.Pelletier, L. & Cury, F. (2002). Motivation and dropout in female handballers: A 21-month prospective study. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 395–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sport Climate Questionnaire (n.d.). Retrieved in June 2003 from http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/measures-/auton_sport.htmlGoogle Scholar
Standage, M.Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2003). A model of contextual motivation in physical education: Using constructs from self-determination and achievement goal theories to predict physical activity intentions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 97–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Standage, M.Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A test of self-determination theory in school physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 411–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In Zanna, M. P. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 29, pp. 271–360). New York, San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Vallerand, R. J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise. In Roberts, G. C. (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 263–320). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
Vallerand, R. J., Fortier, M. S., & Guay, F. (1997). Self-determination and persistence in a real-life setting: Toward a motivational model of high school drop out. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1161–1176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallerand, R. J., & Losier, G. F. (1999). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 142–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, M. R., & Petlichkoff, L. M. (1989). Children's motivation for participation in and withdrawal from sport: Identifying the missing links. Pediatric Exercise Science, 1, 195–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed