Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T11:22:51.523Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Psychometric Properties of a European Spanish Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

Eduardo Remor*
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
*
Address correspondence to: Dr. Eduardo Remor. Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, C/Ivan Pavlov, 6, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain). Fax: +34 - 91 397 5215. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This paper presents evidence from a heterogeneous sample of 440 Spanish adults, for the reliability and validity of a European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The European Spanish version PSS (14-item) demonstrated adequate reliability (internal consistency, α = .81, and test-retest, r = .73), validity (concurrent), and sensitivity. Additional data indicate adequate reliability (α = .82, test-retest, r = .77), validity, and sensitivity of a 10-item short version of the PSS.

El presente articulo demuestra la fiabilidad y la validez de la versión española de la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS en el original) a partir del estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala en una muestra heterogénea de 440 adultos españoles. La PSS fue diseñada para medir el grado en que las situaciones en la vida se valoran como estresantes. La versión española de la PSS (14-ítems) demostró una adecuada fiabilidad (consistencia interna, α = .81, y test-retest, r = .73), validez (concurrente), y sensibilidad. Datos adicionales indicaron una fiabilidad (α = .82, test-retest, r = .77), validez, y sensibilidad adecuadas también para la versión corta de 10-ítems (PSS-10).

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amato, L., Davoli, M., Ferri, M., Gowing, L., & Perucci, C.A. (2004). Effectiveness of interventions on opiate withdrawal treatment: An overview of systematic reviews. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 73, 219226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Averill, J.R. (1973). Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 286303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjelland, I., Dahl, A.A., Haug, T.T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52, 6977.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, L.R., & Hall, J.A. (1993). Gender and emotion. In Lewis, M. & Haviland, J.M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 447460). New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Cobb, J.M.T., & Steptoe, A. (1996). Psychosocial stress and susceptibility to upper respiratory tract illness in an adult population sample. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58, 404412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S. (1978). Environmental load and the allocation of attention. In Baum, A., Singer, J.E., & Valins, S. (Eds.) Advances in environmental psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 129). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Cohen, S. (1986). Contrasting the Hassles Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale: Who is really measuring appraised stress? American Psychologist, 41, 716718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S., Doyle, W.J., & Skoner, D.P. (1999). Psychological stress, cytokine production and severity of upper respiratory infection. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 175180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 24, 385396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S., Kessler, R.C., & Gordon, L.U. (1995). Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D.A.J., & Smith, A.P. (1993). Negative life events, perceived stress, negative affect, and susceptibility to the common cold. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 131140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S., & Williamson, G.M. (1988) Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In Spacapan, S. & Oskamp, S. (Eds.), The social psychology of health (pp. 3167). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Cruess, D.G., Antoni, M.H., Kumar, M., Ironson, G., McCabe, P., Fernandez, J.B., Fletcher, M., & Schneiderman, N. (1999). Cognitive-behavioral stress management buffers decreases in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and increases in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio and reduces mood disturbance and perceived stress among HIV-seropositive men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 24, 537549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dyck, D.G., Short, R., & Vitaliano, P.P. (1999). Predictors of burden and infectious illness in schizophrenia caregivers. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 411419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glaser, R., Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K., Marucha, P.T., MacCallum, R.C., Laskowski, B.F., & Malarkey, W.B. (1999). Stress-related changes in proinflammatory cytokine production in wounds. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 450456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glass, D.C. & Singer, J.E. (1972). Urban stress: Experiments on noise and social stressors. New York: Academic Spress.Google Scholar
Guarino, L., Gavidia, I., Antor, M., & Caballero, H. (2000). Estrés, salud mental y cambios inmunológicos en estudiantes universitarios. Psicología Conductual, 8, 5771.Google Scholar
Hewitt, P.L., Flett, G.L., & Mosher, S.W. (1992). The Perceived Stress Scale: Factor structure and relation to depression symptoms in a psychiatric sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 14, 247257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovanitz, C.A., & Kozora, E. (1989). Life stress and clinically elevated MMPI scales: Gender differences in the moderating influence of coping. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 766777.3.0.CO;2-#>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ibánez, I.C.E. (1992). La escala hospitalaria de ansiedad y depresión. Su utilidad práctica en psicología de la salud. Boletín de Psicología, 36, 4369.Google Scholar
Ironson, G., Soloman, G. F., Balbin, E. G., O'Cleirigh, C., George, A., Kumar, M., Larson, D., & Woods, T. E. (2002). The Ironson-Woods Spirituality/Religiousness Index is associated with long survival, health behaviors, less distress, and low cortisol in people with HIV/AIDS Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24 (1), 3448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazarus, R.S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
López-Roig, S., Terol, M.C., Pastor, M.A., Neipp, M.C., Massutí, B., Rodriguez-Marín, J., Leyda, J.I., Martín-Aragon, M., & Sitges, E. (2000). Ansiedad y depresión. Validación de la escala HAD en pacientes oncológicos. Revista de Psicología de la Salud, 12, 127155.Google Scholar
Losada-Baltar, A. (2005). Influencia de los pensamientos disfuncionales sobre el cuidado psicológico de cuidadores de personas mayores con demencia. Resultados de un estudio trasversal y de intervención. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid.Google Scholar
Malarkey, W.B., Pearl, D.K., Demers, L.M., Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K., & Glaser, R. (1995). Influence of academic stress and season on 24-hour mean concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, and betaendorphin. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20, 499508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perry, S.W., Jacobsberg, L., Card, C., Ashman, T., Frances, A., Bobo, J., & Jacobsberg, B.K. (1990). Psychiatry diagnosis before serological test for the HIV virus. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 8993.Google Scholar
Remor, E.A. (2000). Infección por VIH y SIDA: Características psicológicas y adhesión al tratamiento. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid.Google Scholar
Remor, E., & Carrobles, J.A. (2001). Versión española de la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS-14): estudio psicométrico en una muestra VIH+. Ansiedad y Estrés, 7, 195201.Google Scholar
Seligman, M.E.P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development and death. San Francisco: Freeman.Google Scholar
Siegel, K., & Lekas, H.M. (2002). AIDS as a chronic illness: Psychosocial implications. AIDS, 16 (suppl. 4), 6976.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stone, A.A., Mezzacappa, E.S., Donatone, B.A., & Gonder, M. (1999). Psychosocial stress and social support are associated with prostate-specific antigen levels in men: Results from a community screening program. Health Psychology, 18, 482486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stowell, J.R., Kiecolt-Glaser, J., & Glaser, R. (2001). Perceived stress and cellular immunity: When coping counts. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 323339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Streisand, R., Braniecki, S., Tercyak, K.P., & Kazak, A.E. (2001). Childhood illness-related parenting stress: The Pediatric Inventory for Parents. Journal Pediatric Psychology, 26, 155162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terol, M.C., Rodríguez-Marín, J.López-Roig, S.Martín-Aragón, M., & Pastor, M.A. (1997, September). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Psychometric properties in a Spanish sample. 11th Conference of the EHPS, 3–5, Bordeaux (France).Google Scholar
Zigmond, A.S., & Snaith, R.P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed