Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T06:00:40.472Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Maternal Concepts and Expectations regarding a Preterm Infant

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

Flávia Helena Pereira Padovani ,
Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares ,
Ingrid Duarte Pinto ,
Geraldo Duarte  and
Francisco Eulógio Martinez
Flávia Helena Pereira Padovani
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil)
Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares*
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil)
Ingrid Duarte Pinto
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil)
Geraldo Duarte
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil)
Francisco Eulógio Martinez
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be adressed to Profa. Dra. Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares Laboratório de Pesquisa em Prevenção de Problemas de Desenvolvimento e Comportamento da Criança, (salas 52 e 53), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Campus Monte Alegre. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The objective of the present study was: (a) to identify the concerns, verbally expressed, of 50 mothers regarding their preterm infants (PT) and then compare their verbal expression with those of 25 mothers of full-term infants (FT); and (b) to correlate the mothers' verbal expressions with maternal and infant variables. The following instruments were used to compose and characterize the sample: Structure Clinical Interview for DSM III-R Non-Patient (SCID/NP), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and medical charts. Results showed that there was no difference between groups in term of mothers' expectations and conceptualizations; both groups exhibited predominantly positive expectations and concepts. In comparison with FT mothers, PT mothers verbally expressed more feelings and reactions predominantly negative or conflicting in relation to infant birth. Higher levels of maternal anxiety and depression in the PT Group were correlated with more verbal expressions about negative or conflicting emotions. In addition, lower birth weight, higher neonatal risk and longer length of stay in intensive care nursery of the infants were related with more negative or conflicting concepts by the mothers.

El objetivo de este estudio era: (a) identificar las preocupaciones, expresadas verbalmente, de 50 madres con respecto a sus niños prematuros (PT) y después comparar su expresión verbal con la de 25 madres de niños nacidos a término (FT); y (b) correlacionar las expresiones verbales de las madres con variables maternas e infantiles. Se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos para componer y describir la muestra: Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para DSM-III-R No-Pacientes (Structure Clinical Interview for DSM III-R Non-Patient; SCID/NP), Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI), Inventario de Depresión de Beck (Beck Depression Inventory; BDI), y registros médicos. Los resultados mostraron que no había diferencias entre los grupos en términos de las expectativas y conceptualizaciones de las madres; ambos grupos exhibieron predominantemente expectativas y conceptos positivos. En comparación con las madres FT, las madres PT expresaron verbalmente más sentimientos y reacciones predominantemente negativos o conflictivos con respecto al nacimiento del niño. Los niveles más altos de ansiedad y depresión maternales en el grupo PT correlacionaban con más expresiones verbales de emociones negativas o conflictivas. Además, el peso más bajo al nacer, mayor riesgo neonatal y una estancia más larga en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de los niños se relacionaban con mayor número de conceptos negativos o conflictivos de las madres.

Keywords

maternal expectationspreterm infantsexpectativas maternasniños prematuros
Type
Articles
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , November 2008 , pp. 581 - 592
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aylward, G.P. (2002). Methodological issues in outcome studies of at-risk infants. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27(10), 37–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H.; Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biaggio, A.M.B., & Natalício, L. (1979). Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. Rio de Janeiro: CEPA.Google Scholar
Biasoli-Alves, Z.M.M. (1998). A Pesquisa em Psicologia:Análise de métodos e estratégias na construção de um conhecimento que se pretende científico. In Romanelli, G. & Biasoli-Alves, Z. M. M. (Org.). Diálogos metodológicos sobre prática de pesquisa. (pp. 135–157). Ribeirão Preto: Legis Summa.Google Scholar
Bradley, R.H., Whiteside, L., Mundfrom, D.J., Casey, P.H., Kelleher, K.J. & Pope, S.K. (1994). Contribution of early intervention and early caregiving experiences to resilience in low-birthweight, premature children living in poverty. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23, 425–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buarque, V., Lima, M.C., Scott, R.P., & Vasconcelos, M.G.L. (2006). The influence of support groups on the family of risk newborns and neonatal unit workers. Jornal de Pediatria, 82(4), 295–301.Google ScholarPubMed
Carvalho, A.E.V. (2005). Indicadores emocionais maternos e intervenção psicológica durante hospitalização do bebê pré-termo em UTI Neonatal. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Cockburn, F., Cooke, R.W.I., Gamsu, H.R., Greenough, A., Hopkins, A., Mcintosh, N., et al. (1993). The CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies) score: A tool for assessing initial neonatal risk and comparing performance of neonatal intensive care units. Lancet, 342, 193–198.Google Scholar
Correia, L.L. (2005). Conteúdos verbais de mães de bebês pré-termo internados em UTI Neonatal, diferenciadas quanto a indicadores emocionais de ansiedade e depressão. Unpublished master's dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Cunha, J.A. (2001). Manual da versão em português das Escalas Beck. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.Google Scholar
Davis, L., Edwards, H., Mohay, H. & Wollin, J. (2003). The impact of very premature birth on the psychological health of mothers. Early Human Development, 73, 61–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doering, L.V., Moser, D.K., & Dracup, K. (2000). Correlates of anxiety, hostility, depression, and psychosocial adjustment in parents of NICU infants. Neonatal Network, 19(5), 15–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drewett, R., Blair, P., Emmett, P., & Emond, A. (2004). Failure-to-thrive in the term and preterm infants of mothers depressed in the postnatal period: A population-based birth cohort study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45 (2), 359–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gennaro, S., Booten, D., Roncoli, M., & Kumar, S.P. (1993). Stress and health outcomes among mothers of low-birth-weight infants. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 15 (1), 97–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gorenstein, C., & Andrade, L. (2000). Inventário de depressão de Beck: Propriedades psicométricas da versão em português. In Gorenstein, C., G. Andrade, L.H.S., & Zuardi, A. W. (Org.). Escalas de avaliação clínica em Psiquiatria e Psicofarmacologia. (pp. 89–95). São Paulo: Lemos-Editorial.Google Scholar
Horowitz, F.D. (1992). The concept of risk: A reevaluation. In Friedman, S. L., Sigman, M.D., & Siegel, I. E. (Org.). The psychological development of low-birthweight children. (pp. 61–88). New Jersey: AblexGoogle Scholar
Jonn-Seed, M.S., & Weiss, S. (2002). Maternal expressed emotion as a predictor of emotional and behavioral problems in low birth weight children. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23(6), 649–672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalmár, M., & Boronkai, J. (1991). Interplay of biological and social-environmental factors in the developmental outcome of prematurely born children from infancy to seven years. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 38(3), 247–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennell, J.H., & Klaus, M.H. (1993). Atendimento para os pais de bebês prematuros ou doentes. In Klaus, M. H., & Kennell, J. H. (Org.), Pais/Bebês: A formação do apego. (D. Batista, trad.). (pp. 170–244). Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.Google Scholar
Kopp, C.B. & Kaller, S.R. (1989). Risk in infancy origins and implications. The American Psychologist, 44 (2), 391–396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambrenos, K., Weindling, A.M., Calam, R., & Cox, A.D. (1996). The effect of a child's disability on mother's mental health. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 74, 115–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linhares, M.B.M. (2003). Prematuridade, risco e mecanismos de proteção ao desenvolvimento. Temas sobre Desenvolvimento, 12 (Suplemento Especial), 18–24.Google Scholar
Linhares, M.B.M., Carvalho, A.E.V., Bordin, M.B.M., & Jorge, S. M. (1999). Suporte psicológico ao desenvolvimento de bebês prematuros com peso de nascimento < 1.500g: na UTI -Neonatal e no seguimento longitudinal. Temas em Psicologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia, 7(3), 245–262.Google Scholar
Linhares, M.B.M., Carvalho, A.E.V., Correia, L.L., Gaspardo, C. M., & Padovani, F.H.P. (2006). Psicologia Pediátrica em Neonatologia de alto risco: promoção precoce do desenvolvimento de bebês prematuros. In Crepaldi, M. A., Linhares, M. B. M., & Perosa, G. B. (Org.), Temas em Psicologia Pediátrica. (pp. 109–145). São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.Google Scholar
Masten, A.S., & Gewirtz, A.H. (2006). Vulnerability and resilience in early child development. In McCartney, K., & Philips, D. (Ed.). Early Childhood Development. (pp. 22–43). Malden: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Mew, A.M., Holditch-Davis, D., Belyea, M., Miles, M.S., & Fishel, A. (2003). Correlates of depressive symptoms in mothers of preterm infants. Neonatal Network, 22(5), 51–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Miceli, P.J., Goeke-Morey, M.C., Whitman, T.L., Kolberg, K. S., Miller-Loncar, C., & White, R.D. (2000). Brief report: Birth status, medical complications, and social environment: Individual differences in development of preterm, very low birth weight infants. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 25(5), 353–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monteiro, T.M.T., Silva, L.M.S. & Silva, M.V.S. (2002). Reações de mães diante do nascimento de um filho prematuro. Cogitare Enfermagem, 7(1), 36–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preyde, M., & Ardal, F. (2003). Effectiveness of a parent “buddy” program for mothers of very preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 168, 969–973.Google Scholar
Ruttenberg, W.B., Finello, K.M., & Cordeiro, A.K. (1997). Interactions between depressed and nondepressed Latin mothers and their premature infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 18, 364–377.3.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sameroff, A.J. (1984). Necessidades psicológicas da mãe em interações precoce mãe-filho. In Avery, G. (Org.), Neonatologia. (Schavartsman, S., trad.). (pp. 309–328). Rio de Janeiro: Medsi Editora Médica e Científica.Google Scholar
Silva, M.R.S. (2003). A construção de uma trajetória resiliente durante as primeiras etapas do desenvolvimento da criança: O papel da sensibilidade materna e do suporte social. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.Google Scholar
Singer, L.T., Salvator, A., Guo, S., Collin, M., Lilien, L., & Baley, J. (1999). Maternal psychological distress and parenting stress after birth of a very low birth weight infant. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 799–805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sobotková, D., Dittrichová, J., & Mandys, F. (1996). Comparison of maternal perceptions of preterm and fullterm infants. Early Development and Parenting, 5(2), 73–79.3.0.CO;2-N>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.L., & Lushene, R.E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.R.; Gibbon, M., & First, M.B. (1989). Instruction manual for the structured clinical interview for DSM III – R. New York. New York State Psychiatric Institute.Google Scholar
Tideman, E., Nilsson, A., Smith, G., & Stjernqvist, K. (2002). Longitudinal follow-up of children born preterm: the mother-child relationship in a 19-year perspective. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 20 (1), 43–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wijnroks, L. (1999). Maternal recollected anxiety and mother-infant interaction in preterm infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 20, 393–409.3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Younger, J.B., Kendell, M.J., & Pickler, R.H. (1997). Mastery of stress in mothers of preterm infants. Journal of the Society of Pediatric Nurses, 2 (1), 29–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zanardo, V., & Freato, F. (2001). Home oxygen therapy in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Assessment of parental anxiety. Early Human Development, 65, 39–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed