Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T18:27:03.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dependence and Physical Exercise: Spanish Validation of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Álvaro Sicilia  and
David González-Cutre
Álvaro Sicilia*
Affiliation:
Universidad de Almería (Spain)
David González-Cutre
Affiliation:
Universidad Miguel Hernández (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Álvaro Sicilia Camacho. Universidad de Almería. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Carretera de Sacramento s/n. 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano. Almería. (Spain). Phone: +34-950015394. Fax: +34-950015839. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R). To achieve this goal, a sample of 531 sport center users was used and the psychometric properties of the EDS-R were examined through different analyses. The results supported both the first-order seven-factor model and the higher-order model (seven first-order factors and one second-order factor). The structure of both models was invariant across age. Correlations among the subscales indicated a related factor model, supporting construct validity of the scale. Alpha values over .70 (except for Reduction in Other Activities) and suitable levels of temporal stability were obtained. Users practicing more than three days per week had higher scores in all subscales than the group practicing with a frequency of three days or fewer. The findings of this study provided reliability and validity for the EDS-R in a Spanish context.

El objetivo de este estudio fue validar la versión española de la Escala Revisada de Dependencia del Ejercicio (EDS-R). Para ello se utilizó una muestra de 531 usuarios de centros deportivos y se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la EDS-R a través de diferentes análisis. Los resultados ofrecieron apoyo tanto a la estructura de siete factores como al modelo de orden superior (siete factores de orden primario y un factor de orden secundario). La estructura de ambos modelos se mostró invariante por edad. Las correlaciones entre las subescalas indicaron un modelo de factores relacionados que apoya la validez de constructo de la escala. Se obtuvieron valores alfa de Cronbach superiores a .70 (salvo para la subescala Reducción de Otras Actividades), y niveles adecuados de estabilidad temporal. Los usuarios que informaron practicar más de tres días por semana obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en todas las subescalas respecto al grupo que informó practicar con una frecuencia semanal de tres o menos días. Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan evidencias para la fiabilidad y validez de la EDS-R en el contexto español.

Keywords

sport centersphysical activityexercise dependencevalidationcentros deportivosactividad físicadependencia del ejerciciovalidación
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , May 2011 , pp. 421 - 431
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, J., Miller, T. W., & Kraus, R. F. (2003). Exercise dependence: Diagnostic and therapeutic issues for patients in psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 33, 93–107. doi:10.1023/A:1022883104269CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allegre, B., Therme, P., & Griffiths, M. (2007). Individual factors and the context of physical activity in exercise dependence: A prospective study of ‘Ultra-marathoners’. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 5, 233–243. doi:10.1007/s11469-007-9081-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington DC: Author.Google Scholar
Biddle, S. J. H., & Fox, K. R. (1989). Exercise and health psychology: Emerging relationships. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 62, 205–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blumenthal, J. A., O'Toole, L. C., & Chang, J. L. (1984). Is running an analogue of anorexia nervosa? An empirical study of obligatory running and anorexia nervosa. Journal of the American Medical Association, 27, 520–523. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350040050022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with Amos: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Byrne, B. M., Shavelson, R. J., & Muthén, B. (1989). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and means structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456–466. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.456CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmack, M. A., & Martens, R. (1979). Measuring commitment to running: A survey of runners' attitudes and mental states. Journal of Sport Psychology, 1, 25–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, C. L., & De Castro, J. M. (1990). Running addiction: Measurement and associated psychological characteristics. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 30, 283–290.Google ScholarPubMed
Cohen, R. (1995). Video interviews: “Hooked” on exercise. In Annett, J., Cripps, B., & Steinberg, H. (Eds.), Exercise addiction: Motivation for participation in sport and exercise (pp. 54–59). Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.Google Scholar
Davis, C. (2000). Exercise abuse. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31, 278–289.Google Scholar
Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Examining exercise dependence symptomatology from a self-determination perspective. Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 887–903. doi:10.1177/1359105306069091CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farrell, J. M., & Thompson, T. (1998). Exercise commitment and addiction: A fine line. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 23, 63–75.Google Scholar
Furst, D. M., & Germone, K. (1993). Negative addiction in male and female runners and exercisers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 77, 192–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glenister, D. (1996). Exercise and mental health: A review. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 116, 7–13. doi:10.1177/146642409611600102Google ScholarPubMed
Hailey, B. J., & Bailey, L. A. (1982). Negative addiction in runners: A quantitative approach. Journal of Sport Behavior, 5, 150–154.Google Scholar
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Hall, H. K., Hill, A. P., Appleton, P. R., & Kozub, S. A. (2009). The mediating influence of unconditional self-acceptance and labile self-esteem on the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and exercise dependence. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 35–44. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.05.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hambleton, R. K. (1996). Adaptación de tests para su uso en diferentes idiomas y culturas: fuentes de error, posibles soluciones y directrices prácticas [Adapting tests for use in multiple languages and cultures: error sources, possible solutions and practical guidelines]. In Muñiz, J. (Ed.), Psicometría (pp. 207–238). Madrid: Universitas.Google Scholar
Haskell, W. L., Lee, I.-M., Pate, R. R., Powell, K. E., Blair, S. N., Franklin, B. A. et al. , (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39, 1423–1434. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausenblas, H. A., & Giacobbi, P. R. (2004). Relationship between exercise dependence symptoms and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1265–1273. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00214-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausenblas, H. A., & Symons Downs, D. (2002a). How much is too much? The development and validation of the Exercise Dependence Scale. Psychology and Health, 17, 387–404. doi:10.1080/0887044022000004894CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausenblas, H. A., & Symons Downs, D. (2002b). Exercise dependence: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 89–123. doi:10.1016/s1469-0292(00)00015-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausenblas, H. A., & Symons Downs, D. (2002c). Exercise Dependence Scale-21 Manual. Gainesville, FL: Florida University.Google Scholar
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago: Scientific Software.Google Scholar
Kagan, D. M. (1987). Addictive personality factors. The Journal of Psychology, 121, 533–538. doi:10.1080/00223980.1987.9712681CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kjelsas, E., Augestad, L. B., & Götestam, K. G. (2003). Exercise dependence in physically active women. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 145–155.Google Scholar
Lubans, D. R., Foster, C., & Biddle, S. J. H. (2008). A review of mediators of behavior in interventions to promote physical activity among children and adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 47, 463–470. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.07.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lynn, M. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35, 382–385. doi:10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marsh, H. W. (1993). The multidimensional structure of physical fitness: Invariance over gender and age. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 64, 256–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Ogden, J., Veale, D., & Summers, Z. (1997). The development and validation of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire. Addiction Research, 5, 343–356. doi:10.3109/16066359709004348CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, E. F., McGowan, R. W., & Lynn, T. D. (1993). Exercise dependence in relation to competitive orientation of runners. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 33, 189–193.Google ScholarPubMed
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23–74.Google Scholar
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (1996). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Symons Downs, D., Hausenblas, H. A., & Nigg, C. R. (2004). Factorial validity and psychometric examination of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 8, 183–201. doi:10.1207/s15327841mpee0804_1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szabo, A. (1995). The impact of exercise deprivation on well-being of habitual exercisers. The Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27, 68–75.Google Scholar