Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T02:34:20.081Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Family Structure in Los Angeles, California: 1850–1900

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Extract

In an overview of recent research on the history of the family, Tamara Hareven (1991) points out that this field of study took its inspiration from developments in historical demography and from the “new social history” of the 1960s. Family historians, like other social historians, had “a commitment to reconstructing the life patterns of ordinary people, to viewing them as actors as well as subjects in the process of change” (ibid.: 95). The flowering of research in this field has provided us with a more detailed understanding of the relationship between social change and family life than was previously available. We have learned, among other things, that rather than a single trajectory of change from extended family life before industrialization to the nuclear family afterward, changes in family organization have rarely been invariant, linear, or unidirectional.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 1996 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, Philip (1981) Historical Sociology. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Aldrich, John, and Nelson, Forrest D. (1984) Linear Probability, Logit, and Probit Models. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Alter, George (1988) Family and the Female Life Course. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Alvarez, Robert R. Jr. (1987) Familia: Migration and Adaptation in Baja and Alta California, 1800–1975. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Michael (1971) Family Structure in Nineteenth-Century Lancashire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bennion Sherilyn, Cox (1990) Equal to the Occasion: Women Editors of the Nineteenth-century West. Reno: University of Nevada Press.Google Scholar
Berkner, Lutz K. (1972) “The stem family and the developmental cycle of the peasant household: An eighteenth-century Austrian example.” American Historical Review 77: 398418.Google Scholar
Bloch, Ruth (1978) “Untangling the roots of modern sex roles: A survey of four centuries of change.” Signs 4: 237–52.Google Scholar
Brenner, Johanna, and Laslett, Barbara (1986) “Social reproduction and the family,” in Himmelstrand, UIf (ed.) The Social Reproduction of Organization and Culture. London: Sage: 116–31.Google Scholar
Brenner, Johanna (1991) “Gender, social reproduction and women's self-organization in the development of the U.S. welfare state.” Gender and Society 5: 311–33.Google Scholar
Burgess, Ernest (1960) Aging in Western Societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Castanada, Antonia I. (1990) “Gender, race and culture: Spanish-Mexican women in historiography of frontier California.” Frontiers 11: 820.Google Scholar
Cleland, Robert Glass (1969) The Cattle on a Thousand Hills: Southern California, 1850–1880. San Marino, CA: Huntington Library.Google Scholar
Clifford, Geraldine Joncich (1991) “ ‘Daughters into teachers’: Educational and demographic influences on the transformation of teaching into ‘women's work’ in America,” in Prentice, Alison and Theobald, Marjorie R. (eds.) Women Who Taught: Perspectives on the History of Women and Teaching. Toronto: University of Toronto Press: 115–35.Google Scholar
Cott, Nancy F. (1977) The Bonds of Womanhood: “Woman's Sphere” in New England, 1780–1835. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dahlin, Michel (1980) “Perspectives on the family life of the elderly in 1900.Gerontologist 20: 99107.Google Scholar
Degler, Carl (1980) At Odds: Women and the Family in America from the Revolution to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Deutsch, Sarah (1987) No Separate Refuge: Culture, Class and Gender on an Anglo-Hispanic Frontier in the American Southwest, 1880–1940. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Deutsch, Sarah (1994) “Gender, Labor History, and Chicano/a Ethnic Identity.” Frontiers 14 (2): 122.Google Scholar
Douglas, Ann (1977) The Feminization of American Culture. New York: Avon.Google Scholar
Dumke, Glenn S. (1944) The Boom of the Eighties in Southern California. San Marino, CA: Huntington Library.Google Scholar
Fishman, Robert (1987) Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia. New York: Basic.Google Scholar
Fogelson, Robert M. (1967) The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles, 1850–1930. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Folbre, Nancy, and Abel, Marjorie (1989) “Women's work and women's households: Gender bias in the U.S. Census.” Social Research 56: 545–69.Google Scholar
Garcia, Mario T. (1980) “The Chicana in American history: The Mexican women of El Paso, 1880–1920—a case study.” Pacific Historical Review 49: 315–37.Google Scholar
Giddings, Paula (1984) Where and When I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: Bantam.Google Scholar
Glenn, Evelyn Nakano (1983) “Split household, small producer and dual wage earner: An analysis of Chinese-American family strategies.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 45: 3546.Google Scholar
Goldin, Claudia (1977) “Female labor force participation: The origins of black and white difference, 1870–1880.” Journal of Economic History 37: 87108.Google Scholar
Goode, William J. (1963) World Revolution and Family Patterns. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Gordon, Linda (ed.) (1991a) Women, the State and Welfare. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Gordon, Linda (1991b) “Black and white visions of welfare: Women's welfare activism, 1890–1945.” Journal of American History 78: 559–90.Google Scholar
Gordon, Linda (1992) “Social insurance and public assistance: The influence of gender in welfare thought in the U.S., 1890–1935.” American Historical Review 97:1954.Google Scholar
Greene, William H. (1989) LIMDEP (version 5.1). New York: Econometric Software.Google Scholar
Griswold, Robert L. (1980) “Apart but not adrift: Wives, divorce and independence in California, 1850–1890.” Pacific Historical Review 49: 265–83.Google Scholar
Griswold del Castillo, Richard (1979) The Los Angeles Barrio, 1850–1890: A Social History. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Griswold del Castillo, Richard (1984) La Familia: Chicano Families in the Urban Southwest, 1848 to the Present. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Griswold del Castillo, Richard (1990) The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Legacy of Conflict. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Hareven, Tamara K. (1982) Family Time and Industrial Time: The Relationship between the Family and Work in a New England Industrial Community. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hareven, Tamara K. (1991) “The history of the family and the complexity of social change.” American Historical Review 96: 95124.Google Scholar
Hayden, Dolores (1989) “Biddy Mason's Los Angeles, 1856–1891.” California History 68: 8699.Google Scholar
Hirata, Lucie Cheng (1979) “Free, indentured, enslaved: Chinese prostitutes in nineteenth-century America.” Signs 5: 329.Google Scholar
Jones, Jacqueline (1985) Labor of Love: Black Women, Work and the Family from Slavery to the Present. New York: Basic.Google Scholar
Kerber, Linda K. (1988) “Separate sphere, female worlds, women's place: The rhetoric of women's history.” Journal of American History 75: 939.Google Scholar
Laslett, Barbara (1973) “The family as a public and private institution: An historical perspective.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 35: 480–92.Google Scholar
Laslett, Barbara (1975) “Household structure on an American frontier: Los Angeles, California in 1850.” American Journal of Sociology 81: 109–28.Google Scholar
Laslett, Barbara (1977) “Social change and the family: Los Angeles, California, 1850–1870.“ American Sociological Review 42: 268–91.Google Scholar
Laslett, Barbara (1980) “Beyond methodology: The place of theory in quantitative historical research.” American Sociological Review 45: 214–28.Google Scholar
Laslett, Barbara (1990) “Women's work in late-nineteenth-century Los Angeles: Class, gender and the culture of new womanhood.” Continuity and Change 5: 417–41.Google Scholar
Laslett, Barbara (1991) “Biography as historical sociology.” Theory and Society 20: 511–38.Google Scholar
Laslett, Barbara, and Brenner, Johanna (1989) “Gender and social reproduction: Historical perspectives.” Annual Review of Sociology 15: 381404.Google Scholar
Laslett, Peter (1965) The World We Have Lost. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Laslett, Peter, and Wall, Richard (eds.) (1972) Household and Family in Past Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Locke, Mary Lou (1982) “ ‘Like a machine or an animal’: Working women of the late nineteenth century urban far west, in San Francisco, Portland and Los Angeles.” Ph.D. diss., University of California at San Diego.Google Scholar
Marsh, Margaret (1990) Suburban Lives. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Mason, Karen Oppenheim, and Cope, Lisa G. (1987) “Sources of age and date-of-birth misreporting in the 1900 U.S. Census.” Demography 24: 563–73.Google Scholar
Mason, Karen Oppenheim, Weinstein, Maxine, and Laslett, Barbara (1987) “The decline of fertility in Los Angeles, California, 1880–1900.” Population Studies 41: 483–99.Google Scholar
Maynes, M. J. (1995) Taking the Hard Road: Life Course in French and German Workers’ Autobiographies in the Era of Industrialization. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
McWilliams, Cary (1946) Southern California Country. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.Google Scholar
Modell, John, and Hareven, Tamara K. (1973) “Urbanization and the malleable household: An examination of boarding and lodging in American families.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 35: 467–79.Google Scholar
Moen, Phillis, and Wethington, Elaine (1992) “The concept of family adaptive strategies.” Annual Review of Sociology 18: 233–51.Google Scholar
Morgen, Myfanwy, and Golden, Hilda H. (1987) “Immigrant families in an industrial city: A study of households in Holyoke, 1880.” Journal of Family History (spring): 5968.Google Scholar
Newmark, Harris (1970) Sixty Years in Southern California: 1853–1913. Los Angeles: Zeitlin and VerBrugge.Google Scholar
O'Brien, Jean (1996) “Divorced from the Land: Accommodation strategies of Indian women in eighteenth-century New England,” in Maynes, M. J., Waltner, Ann, Soland, Birgitte, and Strasser, Ulrike (eds.) Gender, Kinship, Power: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary History. New York: Routledge: 319333.Google Scholar
Padilla, Genaro M. (1988) “The recovery of Chicano nineteenth-century autobiography.” American Quarterly 40: 286306.Google Scholar
Padilla, Genaro M. (1993) My History, Not Yours: The Formation of Mexican American Autobiography. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Parsons, Talcott (1959) “The social structure of the family,” in Anshen, Ruth (ed.) The Family: Its Function and Destiny. New York: Harper and Row: 173201.Google Scholar
Personal Narratives Group (1989) Interpreting Women's Lives: Feminist Theory and Personal Narratives. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Phillips, George Harwood (1980) “Indians in Los Angeles, 1781–1875: Economic integration, social disintegration.” Pacific Historical Review 49: 427–51.Google Scholar
Pitt, Leonard (1970) The Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish-Speaking Californians, 1846–1890. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ruggles, Steven (1987) Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth-Century England and America. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Rury, John L. (1991) Education and Women's Work: Female Schooling and the Division of Labor in Urban America, 1870–1930. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Ryan, Mary (1981) Cradle of the Middle Class: The Family in Oneida County, New York, 1790–1865. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sanchez, George J. (1990) “‘Go after the women’: Americanization and the Mexican immigrant woman, 1915–1929,” in Dubois, Ellen Carol and Ruiz, Vicki L. (eds.) Unequal Sisters: A Multicultural Reader in U.S. Women's History. New York: Routledge: 250–46.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda (1992) Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll (1975) “The female world of love and ritual: Relations between women in nineteenth-century America.” Signs 1(1): 130.Google Scholar
Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll (1985) Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sobek, Matthew (1991) “Class analysis and the U.S. census public use samples.” Historical Methods 24:171–81.Google Scholar
Strober, Myra H., and Lanford, A. G. (1986) “The feminization of public school teaching: Cross-sectional analysis, 1850–1880.” Signs 11: 212–35.Google Scholar
Takaki, Ronald (1989) Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Tilly, Louise A. (1989) “Gender, women's history, and social history.” Social Science History 13 (winter): 439–62.Google Scholar
United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (1978) Twenty Censuses: Population and Housing Questions, 1790–1980. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Weber, Devra A. (1989) “Raís Fuerte: Oral History and Mexicana Farm Workers.” Oral History Review 17: 4762.Google Scholar
Welter, Barbara (1978) “The cult of true womanhood: 1820–1860.” In Gordon, Michael (ed.) The American Family in Social-Historical Perspective, 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's: 313–33.Google Scholar
Yans-McLaughlin, Virginia (1977) Family and Community: Italian Immigrants in Buffalo, 1880–1930. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar