Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:29:35.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bosses, Machines, and Democratic Leadership: Party Organization and Managers in Indiana, 1880–1910

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Extract

American political parties achieved their peak importance during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Numerous voting studies have demonstrated the level and significance of party identification, and evaluations of legislative behavior have shown that party loyalty had a primary influence on roll call voting (Bogue, 1980; Kleppner, 1981; Thompson and Silbey, 1984). Surprisingly, other aspects of parties have received very little attention. Only a few scholars have examined the extent of party structure and activities or their connections with political culture and the broader political system (Jensen, 1969, 1971, and 1983; McGerr, 1986; Keller, 1977; Mayhew, 1986: 203–256, 308–332). Even fewer have evaluated systematically the overall patterns of committee membership and the characteristics of party leaders to determine which social and political qualities were important (Stave, 1970; Watts, 1979).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 1988 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alcorn, R. S. (1974) “Leadership and stability in mid-nineteenth century America: A case study of an Illinois town.” Journal of American History 61:685702.Google Scholar
American Newspaper Annual (1880-1910) Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Sons.Google Scholar
BDAC (1961) Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1961. Washington: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
BDIGA (1980,1984) A Biographical Directory of the Indiana General Assembly. 2 vols. Indianapolis: Select Committee on the Centennial History of the Indiana General Assembly with the Indiana Historical Bureau.Google Scholar
BHE (1880) Biographical History of Eminent and Self-Made Men of the State of Indiana. 2 vols. Cincinnati: Western Biographical Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Blodgett, G. (1980) “The Mugwump reputation, 1870 to the present.” Journal of American History 66: 867888.Google Scholar
Bogue, A. G. (1980) “The new political history in the 1970s,” in Kammen, M. (ed.) The Past before Us: Contemporary Historical Writing in the United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Bowers, C. (1918) The Life of John Worth Kern. Indianapolis: Hollenbeck Press.Google Scholar
Braeman, J. (1971) Albert J. Beveridge: American Nationalist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bryce, J. (1891) The American Commonwealth. 2 vols. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Buenker, J. D. (1973) Urban Liberalism and Progressive Reform. New York: Charles Scribners’ Sons.Google Scholar
Burnham, W. D. (1970) Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Calhoun, C. W. (1988) Gilded Age Cato: The Life of Walter O. Gresham. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.Google Scholar
Calvert, M. A. (1984) “The manifest functions of the machine,” in Stave, B. M. and Stave, S. A. (eds.) Urban Bosses, Machines, and Progressive Reformers. Rev. ed. Malabar, FL: Robert E. Krieger Publishing: 4555.Google Scholar
Campbell, B. C. (1980) Representative Democracy: Public Policy and Midwestern Legislatures in the Late Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Carson, L. W. (1928) “The life of J. Frank Hanly: Log cabin to governor,” M. A. thesis, University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Columbia Club (1920) The Columbia Club of Indianapolis: A History, 1889-1920. Indianapolis: [Columbia Club].Google Scholar
Cumback, W. and Maynard, J. B. [eds.] (1899) Men of Progress: Indiana— A Selected List of Biographical Sketches and Portraits of the Leaders in Business, Professional, and Official Life. Indianapolis: Indianapolis Sentinel Company.Google Scholar
Curti, M. (1959) The Making of an American Community: A Case Study of Democracy in a Frontier County. Stanford: Stanford University.Google Scholar
Daniel McDonald Scrapbooks. “Marshall County Township convention reports, 1890.” Indianapolis, Indiana State Library.Google Scholar
Democratic National Convention (1884-1908) Proceedings.Google Scholar
Derge, D. R. (1959) “The lawyer as decision maker in the American state legislature.” Journal of Politics 21: 408433.Google Scholar
Dunn, J. P. (1914) Memorial and Genealogical Record of Representative Citizens of Indiana. Indianapolis: Bowen.Google Scholar
EJ, Evans ville Journal-News.Google Scholar
FC, Frankfort Crescent.Google Scholar
Forkner, J. L. (1914) History of Madison County, Indiana: A Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress, Its People, and Its Principal Interests. 2 vols. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Formisano, R. P. (1970) “Political character, antipartyism, and the second party system.” American Quarterly 21: 683709.Google Scholar
Foulke, W. D. (1919) Fighting the Spoilsmen. Reminiscences of the Civil Service Reform Movement. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.Google Scholar
Foulke, W. D. (1930) Lucius B. Swift: A Biography. Indiana Historical Society Publications, No. 9. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society.Google Scholar
Frisch, M. H. (1972) Town into City: Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Meaning of Community, 1840-1880. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
George, S. Cottman Collection. Indianapolis, Indiana State Library.Google Scholar
Greater Indianapolis Blue Book (1898, 1904) Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill.Google Scholar
Hammack, D. C. (1982) Power and Society: Greater New York at the Turn of the Century. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
House, A. V. (1962) “The Democratic state central committee of Indiana in 1880: A case study in party tactics and finance.” Indiana Magazine of History 58: 179210.Google Scholar
Hurst, J. W. (1950) The Growth of American Law: The Law Makers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
IJ, Indianapolis Journal.Google Scholar
IN, Indianapolis News.Google Scholar
Indiana House of Representatives (1913) Journal. Indianapolis: Indiana General Assembly.Google Scholar
Indiana Biography Series. Indianapolis, Indiana State Library.Google Scholar
Jensen, R. J. (1969) “Armies, admen, and crusaders: Types of presidential election campaigns.” History Teacher 2: 3350.Google Scholar
Jensen, R. J. (1971) The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Jensen, R. J., with Piott, S. L. and Gibbs, C. C. (1983) Grass Roots Politics: Parties, Issues, and Voters, 1854-1983. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Keller, M. (1977) Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kleppner, P. (1979) The Third Electoral System, 1853-1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Kleppner, P. [ed.] (1981) The Evolution of American Electoral Systems. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
LMJ, Lafayette Morning Journal.Google Scholar
Ludlow, L. (1924) From Cornfield to Press Gallery: Adventures and Reminiscences of a Veteran Washington Correspondent. Washington: W. F. Roberts.Google Scholar
Marcus, R. D. (1971) Grand Old Party: Political Structure in the Gilded Age, 1880-1896. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Martindale’s American Law Directory (1899-1914) New York: J. B. Martindale.Google Scholar
Mayhew, D. R. (1986) Placing Parties in American Politics: Organization, Electoral Settings, and Government Activity in the Twentieth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
McCormick, R. L. (1981) From Realignment to Reform: Political Change in New York State, 1893-1910. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
McCormick, R. L. (1986) The Party Period and Public Policy: American Politics from the Age of Jackson to the Progressive Era. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McFarland, G. W. (1975) Mugwumps, Morals, and Politics, 1884-1920. Amtierst: University of Massachusetts Press.Google Scholar
McGerr, M. (1986) The Decline of Popular Politics: The American North, 1865-1928. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Merrill, H. S. (1953) Bourbon Democracy of the Middle West, 1865-1896. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Merton, R. K. (1957) Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Miller, J. W. (1984) Indiana Newspaper Bibliography. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society.Google Scholar
Monks, L. J. (1916) Courts and Lawyers of Indiana. 3 vols. Indianapolis: Federal Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Mott, F. L. (1962) American Journalism: A History, 1690-1960. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Nord, D. P. (1984) “The business values of American newspapers: The 19th century watershed in Chicago.” Journalism Quarterly 61: 265273.Google Scholar
Ostrogorski, M. (1910) Democracy and the Party System in the United States: A Study in Extra-Constitutional Government. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
PH (1888, 1900-1910) Political Handbook of Indiana. Indianapolis: Indiana Republican State Committee.Google Scholar
Phillips, C. J. (1965) Indiana in Transition: The Emergence of an Industrial Commonwealth, 1880-1920. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau and Indiana Historical Society.Google Scholar
Ranney, A. L. (1962) The Doctrine of Responsible Party Government. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Republican National Convention (1884-1908) Proceedings.Google Scholar
Reynolds, J. F. (1988) Testing Democracy: Electoral Behavior and Progressive Reform in New Jersey: 1800-1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Riddleberger, P. W. (1966) George Washington Julian, Radical Republican: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Politics and Reform. Indiana Historical Collections, Vol. 45. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society.Google Scholar
Rissler, J. (1961) “Charles Warren Fairbanks: Hoosier Conservative,” Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University.Google Scholar
Sanders, D. W. (1907) A Manual of Civil Government of the Township and County. Town and City. Covington, IN: Manual Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Secretary of State (1880-1908) Biennial Report. Indianapolis: Secretary of the State of Indiana.Google Scholar
Seeds, R. M. (1899) History of the Republican Party of Indiana: Biographical Sketches of the Party Leaders. Indianapolis: Indiana History.Google Scholar
Sievers, H. J. (1968) Benjamin Harrison, Hoosier President: The White House and After. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.Google Scholar
Stave, B. (1970) The New Deal and the Last Hurrah: Pittsburgh Machine Politics. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Stave, B. and Stave, S. A. [eds.] (1984) Urban Bosses, Machines, and Progressive Reformers. Rev. ed. Malabar, FL: Robert E. Krieger Publishing.Google Scholar
Stoll, J. B. (1917) History of the Indiana Democracy 1816-1916. Indianapolis: Indiana Democratic Publishing.Google Scholar
Sullivan, R. H. (1978) Taped Interview with Reginald Hall Sullivan. Indianapolis: Indiana State Library.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. W. (1895) Bench and Bar of Indiana. Indianapolis: Bench and Bar Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Teaford, J. (1984) Unheralded Triumph: City Government in America, 1870-1900. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.Google Scholar
Thompson, M. S. and Silbey, J. H. (1984) “Research on 19th century legislatures: Present contours and future directions.Legislative Studies Quarterly 9: 319350.Google Scholar
VanderMeer, P. R. (1985) The Hoosier Politician: Officeholding and Political Culture in Indiana, 1896-1920. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
VanderMeer, P. R. (1988) “Lawyers and politics in Indiana, 1816-1920: The impact of professionalization on political careers.” (Unpublished paper).Google Scholar
Watts, E. J. (1979) The Social Bases of City Politics: Atlanta, 1865-1903. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Weiss, N. J. (1968) Charles Francis Murphy, 1858-1924: Respectability and Responsibility in Tammany Politics. Northampton, MA: Smith College.Google Scholar
Wendel, C. L. (1962) Aids for Genealogical Searching in Indiana. Detroit: Detroit Society for Genealogical Research.Google Scholar
Winkle, K. J. (1986) “Political friends: Migration and officeholding in Lincoln’s Springfield.” Paper delivered at the meeting of the Social Science History Association, St. Louis.Google Scholar