Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T01:19:46.693Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

American Labor Law: Its Impact on Working-Class Militancy, 1901–1980

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Michael Wallace
Affiliation:
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
Beth A. Rubin
Affiliation:
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Brian T. Smith
Affiliation:
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

Extract

The creation of legal parameters to structure social relations is a basic feature of modern capitalist society. Law plays a major role in shaping the institutional setting within which conflicts arise, develop, and reach their resolution. Likewise, legislative solutions to pressing social conflicts create new possibilities and strategies for social change. The struggles between capitalists and the working class that have historically marked capitalist economic development constitute a central arena for the legislative restructuring of social relations. Yet, few have systematically studied the role of law in shaping the development of capital-labor relations (for some important exceptions, see Steinberg, 1982; Tomlins, 1985). In this paper, we explore the legal structuring of American working-class militancy in the twentieth century, a prominent dimension of capital-labor relations, but one for which the legislative underpinnings remain unclear.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 1988 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashenfelter, O. and Johnson, G. E. (1969) “Bargaining theory, trade unions, and industrial strike activity.American Economic Review 59: 3549.Google Scholar
Ashenfelter, O. and Pencavel, J. H. (1969) “American trade union growth, 1900-1960.Quarterly Journal of Economics 88: 304311.Google Scholar
Bernstein, I. (1960) The Lean Years. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co.Google Scholar
Brody, D. (1980) Workers in Industrial America: Essays on the Twentieth Century Struggle. New York: Oxford.Google Scholar
Cox, A. (1960) Law and the National Labor Policy. Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Cronin, J. (1979a) Industrial Conflict in Modern Britain. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Cronin, J. (1979b) “Theories of strikes: Why they can’t explain the British experience.” Journal of Social History 12: 194220.Google Scholar
Dahrendorf, R. (1959) Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Davis, M. (1980) “Why the U.S. working class is different.New Left Review 123: 344.Google Scholar
Derber, M. and Young, E. (1957) Labor and the New Deal. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Edelman, M. (1957) “New Deal sensitivity to labor interests,” in Derber, M. and Young, E. (eds.) Labor and the New Deal. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Edwards, P. K. (1981) Strikes in the United States, 1881-1974. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Esping-Anderson, G., Friedland, R., and Wright, E. O. (1976) “Modes of class struggle and the capitalist state.Kapitalstate 4/5: 186220.Google Scholar
Fleming, R. W. (1957) “The significance of the Wagner Act,” in Derber, N. and Young, E. (eds.) Labor and the New Deal. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press: 121155.Google Scholar
Frankfurter, F. and Greene, N. (1930) The Labor Injunction. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
George, P. (1982) The Emergence of Industrial America. Albany: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Goldfield, M. (1984) “The causes of U.S. trade union decline and their future prospects.” Research in Political Economy 7: 81158.Google Scholar
Griffin, J. I. (1936) Strikes: A Study in Quantitative Economics. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Griffin, L. J., Wallace, M., and Rubin, B. A. (1986) “Capitalist resistance to the organization of labor before the New Deal: Why? How? Success?American Sociological Review 51: 147167.Google Scholar
Gross, J. A. (1981) The Reshaping of the National Labor Relations Board. Albany: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, A. H. (1921) “Cycles of strikes.” American Economic Review 11: 616621.Google Scholar
Hibbs, D. (1976) “Industrial conflict in advanced industrial societies.” American Political Science Review 30: 10331058.Google Scholar
Hiller, E. T. (1928) The Strike. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Johnston, J. (1972) Econometric Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Kaufman, B. (1982) “The determinants of strikes in the United States, 1900-1977.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 35: 473490.Google Scholar
Koretz, R. F. [ed.] (1970) Statutory History of the United States: Labor Organization. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.Google Scholar
Mann, M. (1973/1981) Consciousness and Action among the Western Working Class. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.Google Scholar
Montgomery, D. (1979) Workers’ Control in America. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
O’Conner, J. (1973) The Fiscal Crisis of the State. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Orloff, A. (1983) “Labor and the state: Labor legislation in America, 1897-1978: A time-series analysis.” Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association.Google Scholar
Ostrom, C. W. (1978) Time Series Analysis: Regression Techniques. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Perkins, F. (1946) The Roosevelt I Knew. New York: Viking Press.Google Scholar
Piven, F. F. and Cloward, R. (1977) Poor People’s Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. New York: Random House Press.Google Scholar
Ragin, C. C., Coverman, S., and Hayward, M. D. (1982) “Major labor disputes in Britain, 1902-1938: The relation between resource mobilization and outcome.American Sociological Review 47 (2): 238252.Google Scholar
Rees, A. (1952) “Industrial conflict and business fluctuations.” Journal of Political Economy LX: 371382.Google Scholar
Ross, A. M. and Hartman, P. T. (1960) Changing Patterns in Industrial Conflict. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Rubin, B. A. (1986a) “Class struggle American-style: Unions, strikes, and wages.” American Sociological Review 51: 618633.Google Scholar
Rubin, B. A. (1986b) “Trade union organization, labor militancy, and labor’s share of national income in the United States, 1949-1978,” in Robinson, R. V. (ed.) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Rubin, B. A., Griffin, L. J., and Wallace, M. (1983) “‘Provided only that their voice was strong’: Insurgency and organization of American labor from NRA to Taft-Hartley.Work and Occupations 10: 325347.Google Scholar
Schlesinger, A. M. (1957) The Age of Roosevelt, Vol. 1: The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919-1933. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.Google Scholar
Shalev, M. (1981) “Trade unionism and economic analysis: The case of industrial conflict.” Journal of Labor Research 1: 133173.Google Scholar
Shorter, E. and Tilly, C. (1974) Strikes in France, 1830-1968. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Skeels, J. (1982) “The economic and organizational bases of early U. S. strikes, 1900-1948.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 35: 491503.Google Scholar
Smith, M. (1979) “Institutional setting and industrial conflict in Quebec.” American Journal of Sociology 85: 109134.Google Scholar
Snyder, D. (1975) “Institutional setting and industrial conflict: A comparative analysis of France, Italy, and the United States.” American Sociological Review 40: 259278.Google Scholar
Snyder, D. (1977) “Early North American strikes: A reinterpretation.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 30: 325341.Google Scholar
Steinberg, R. (1982) Wages and Hours: Labor and Reform in Twentieth-Century America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Stepina, L. P. and Fiorito, J. (1986) “Toward a comprehensive theory of union growth and decline.Industrial Relations 25: 248264.Google Scholar
Taylor, B. J. and Whitney, F. (1983) Labor Relations Law. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Tomlins, L. (1985) The State and the Unions, Labor Relations Law, and the Organized Labor Movement in America, 1830-1960.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wallace, M. (forthcoming) “Aggressive economism, defensive control: The contours of American working class militancy, 1947-1981,” Economic and Industrial Democracy. In press.Google Scholar