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Exile, Gender, and Communist Self-Fashioning: Dolores Ibárruri (La Pasionaria) in the Soviet Union

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lisa A. Kirschenbaum
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Abstract

Focusing on the Soviet exile of the Spanish communist and orator Dolores Ibárruri (La Pasionaria), Lisa A. Kirschenbaum brings into dialogue two topics often treated in isolation: Soviet subjectivities and the selfunderstandings of international communists. During the Spanish civil war, the Soviet media popularized Ibárruri's performance of fierce communist motherhood. The article traces Ibárruri's efforts in exile to maintain and adapt this public identity by analyzing sources in two distinct registers, both of which blurred the boundaries between public and private selves: Ibárruri's “official” correspondence and her interventions in party meetings. Reading such sources as sites of self-fashioning, Kirschenbaum argues that Ibárruri was at once empowered and constrained by her self-presentation as the mother of the Spanish exiles. Ibárruri's case both internationalizes understandings of Stalinist culture and suggests the possibility of a history of international communism structured around the interconnected and diverse lives of individual communists.

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Articles
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Slavic Review , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , Fall 2012 , pp. 566 - 589
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Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies. 2012

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References

I would like to thank Mark D. Steinberg and the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful readings and valuable suggestions. Warmest thanks also go to the many people who commented on earlier drafts, including Nancy Wingfield, Marci Shore, Choi Chatterjee, Gina Herrmann, Bob Weinberg, and all the members of the Delaware Valley Seminar on Russian History. Grants from the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, International Research and Exchanges Board, and West Chester University supported the research and writing of this article.

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114. Castro Delgado, Mi fe se perdió, 298.

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116. Preston, ¡Comrades! 306. See also Castro Delgado, Mi fe se perdió, 84; Jesús Hernández, Yofui un ministro de Stalin (Madrid, 1974), 144.

117. Castro Delgado, Mi fe se perdió, 300.

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119. “Dolores (final del reunion),” “Reunion del C. C. fecha 5.V.1944,” 1; Morán, Miseria, 76.

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123. Carrillo, Memorias, 438. Preston links her withdrawal from personal connections to Ruben's death, ¡Comrades! 307; Falcón, Asalto a los cielos, 216.

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