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Aleksei Gastev and the Metallization of the Revolutionary Body

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2017

Rolf Hellebust*
Affiliation:
Department of Germanic, Slavic, and East Asian Studies, University of Caigary

Abstract

Since Marx was strong on criticizing capitalism, not so strong on the practical mechanics of revolution, and rather wobbly on the communist future itself, we cannot blame his Soviet followers if their ultimate goal always remained a religious mystery, veiled by the pseudoscience of political dogma. The veil enhances the mystery; it obscures the fact that there is a mystery—that the real transformation of society into Utopia and the individual into unfettered homo laborans cannot be described in scientific language at all but can only be symbolized.

This becomes clear when we move from politics to art, to the sphere of culture dominated by symbolic language. Despite its debt to the explicit Utopian tradition of Chernyshevskii and the nineteenthcentury radicals, Soviet literature limits itself to an exclusively symbolic depiction of the flowering of communism. In Christianity, a transformation of analogous importance is symbolized by the bread and wine of the Eucharist.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies. 1997

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References

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31 Serafimovich, Aleksandr, Sobranie sochinenii (Moscow, 1959), 6:461628 Google Scholar, quotations found on 621 and 620.

32 Ibid., 584. Compare Gastev: “The crowd steps in a new march; its feet have caught the iron tempo.” Poeziia rabochego udara, 120.

33 Ibid., 592, 621.

34 Later the same year, Gastev was exiled to Vologda province, where he satisfied his pedagogical urge by seeking work as a private tutor. Johansson, Aleksej Gastev, 12.

35 Aleksei Gastev, “V poiskakh,” Zhizn’ dlia vsekh, 1913, no. 1.

36 The contradiction between what Johansson calls Gastev’s “clear-cut individuality“ (Aleksej Gastev, 68) and his collectivist posture is complicated by the fact that the labor management theory promoted in his work itself leaves no place for the engineer-hero, just as it leaves no place for Gastev’s preoccupation with manual labor over labor-saving mechanization. See Harro Segeberg, Literarische Technik-Bilder: Studien zum Verhaltnis von Technik- und Literalurgeschichte im 19. und friihen 20. Jahrhundert (Tubingen, 1987), 198-99. As for the author of this theory, Taylor himself appears as somewhat of a misanthropic engineer-hero, especially in this description of his ideal of the metalworker: “One of the first requirements for a man who is fit to handle pig iron as a regular occupation is that he shall be so stupid and so phlegmatic that he more nearly resembles an ox than any other type.” Quoted in Pethybridge, Social Prelude to Stalinism, 38.

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67 Quoted in Pethybridge, Social Prelude to Stalinism, 147.

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75 Komsomol’skaia Pravda (29 December 1989). An analogous literary example of post-Stalinist subversion of 1930s aviation symbolism is Vasilii Aksenov’s surrealistic parable “Stal'naia ptitsa” (The steel bird, 1965).