Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-cphqk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-09T21:43:21.344Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Silicoflagellates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2017

Kevin McCartney
Kevin McCartney*
Affiliation:
University of Maine at Presque Isle, Presque Isle 04769-2888
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The silicoflagellates are single-celled plankton that have a delicate siliceous skeleton made up of tubular rod-shaped elements. The group is both photosynthetic and autotrophic and has thus been claimed by botanists and zoologists. All silicoflagellates are included in the order Dictyochales, which is now generally considered to be in the division Chrysophyta, golden algae, on the basis of pigmentation and the structure of the chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Type
Research Article
Information
Short Courses in Paleontology , Volume 8: Siliceous Microfossils , 1995 , pp. 159 - 176
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bachmann, A. 1970. Flagellata (Silicoflagellata), p. 1–28. In Zapfe, H. (ed.), Catalogus Fossilium Austriae. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Barron, J. A. 1980. Lower Miocene to Quaternary biostratigraphy of DSDP Leg 57, off northeastern Japan, p. 641–685. In Scientific Party, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 56/57. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Barron, J. A. 1981. Late Cenozoic diatom biostratigraphy and paleoceanography of the middle-latitude eastern North Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63, p. 507–538. In Yeats, R. S. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 63. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Borgert, A. H. C. 1890. Über den Bauvon Distephanus (Dictyocha) speculum Ehrbg. sp.: Zoologischer Anzeiger, 13:227–231.Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1973a. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 18, eastern North Pacific, p. 817–831. In Kulm, L. D. et al. (eds.). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 18. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1973b. Coccoliths and silicoflagellates from Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 19, North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, p. 857–867. In Creager, J. S. et al., (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 19. U.S. Government Printing. Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1973c, Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, Tasman Sea and southwestern Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 21, p. 885–893. In Burns, R. E. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 21. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1974a. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, eastern Indian Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 22, p. 601–607. In. von der Borch, C. C. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 22. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1974b. Phytoplankton stratigraphy, offshore East Africa, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 25, p. 635–646. In Simpson, E. S. et al., (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 25. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1975a. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy near Antarctica, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 28, p. 709–723. In Hayes, D. E. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 28. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1975b. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, northwest Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 32, p. 677–701. In Larson, R. L. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 32. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1975c. Phytoplankton stratigraphy, southwest Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 30, p. 539–547. In Andrews, J. E. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 30. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1975d. Silicoflagellate and coccolith stratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 29, p. 845–872. In Kennett, J. P. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 29. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1976a. Cenozoic silicoflagellate and coccolith stratigraphy, South Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 36, p. 885–917. In Hollister, C. D. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 36. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1976b. Comments on some coccolith stratigraphy and silicoflagellates from Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 35, p. 693–699. In Hollister, C. D. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 35. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1976c. Silicoflagellate and coccolith stratigraphy, Norwegian-Greenland Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 38, p. 843–855. In Talwani, M. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 38. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1976d. Silicoflagellate and coccolith stratigraphy, southeast Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 34, p. 715–735. In Yeats, R. S. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 34. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1977a. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, central North Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 37, p. 917–927. In Aumento, F. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 34. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1977b. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, South Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 39, p. 825–840. In Supko, P. R. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 41. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1978a. Cenozoic coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, offshore northwest Africa, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 41, p. 689–707. In Lancelot, Y. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 41. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1978b. Cenozoic coccolith, silicoflagellate, and diatom stratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 44, p. 807–860. In Benson, W. E. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 44. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1978c. Cenozoic silicoflagellate and coccolith stratigraphy, northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 43, p. 775–805. In Benson, W. E. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 44. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1978d. Cenozoic silicoflagellate and coccolith stratigraphy, southeastern Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 40, p. 635–649. In Bolli, H. M. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 40. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1979a. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Reykjanes Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 49, p. 551–581. In Luyendyk, B. P. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 49. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1979b. Comments on opal phytoliths and stratigraphy of Neogene silicoflagellates and coccoliths at Deep Sea Drilling Site 397 off northwest Africa, p. 977–1009. In Luyendyk, B. P. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 47. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1980a. Miocene Corbisema triacantha Zone phytoplankton from Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 415 and 416 off northwest Africa, p. 507–523. In Lancelot, Y. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 50. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1980b. Silicoflagellate bio stratigraphy and paleoecology in the eastern equatorial Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 54, p. 545–573. In Rosendahl, B. R. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 54. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1981a. Silicoflagellate stratigraphy of offshore California and Baja California, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63, p. 539–557. In Yeats, R. S. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 63. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1981b. Synthesis of silicoflagellate stratigraphy for Maastrichtian to Quaternary marine sediment. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, 32:433–444.Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1982a. Cenozoic silicoflagellates from offshore Guatemala, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 495, p. 425–445. In Aubouin, J. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 67. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1982b. Neogene silicoflagellates of the eastern equatorial Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 503A, p. 311–323. In Prell, W. L. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 68. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1983. Upper Cenozoic silicoflagellates from offshore Ecuador, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 504, p. 321–342. In Cann, J. R. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 68. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1984a. Cenozoic silicoflagellates from Rockall Plateau, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 81. p. 547–563. In Roberts, D. G. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 81. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1984b. Neogene silicoflagellates from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 543, western tropical Atlantic Ocean, p. 463–468. In Biju-Duval, B. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 81. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1985a. Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558-563, p. 591–603. In Bougault, H. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 82. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1985b. Tropical Pacific silicoflagellate zonation and paleotemperature trends of the Late Cenozoic, p. 477–497. In Mayer, L. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 85. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1986. Miocene silicoflagellates from Chatham Rise, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 594, p. 925–937. In Kennett, J. P. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 90. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1987a. Eocene siliceous and calcareous phytoplankton, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 95, p. 395–415. In Poag, C. W. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 95. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1987b. North Atlantic Quaternary silicoflagellates, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 94, p. 779–783. In Kidd, W. F. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 94. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1991. Oligocene and Quaternary silicoflagellates from the Kerguelen Plateau, p. 933–934. In Barron, J. et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 119. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
Bukry, D., and Foster, J. H. 1973. Silicoflagellate and diatom stratigraphy, Leg 16, p. 815–871. In Van Andel, T. H. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 16. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bukry, D., and Monechi, S. 1985. Late Cenozoic silicoflagellates from the northwest Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 86, p. 367–397. In Heath, G. R. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 86. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Busen, K. E., and Wise, S. W. Jr. 1976[1977]. Silicoflagellate stratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 36, p. 697–743. In Barker, P. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 36. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Ciesielski, P. F. 1975. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Neogene and Oligocene silicoflagellates from cores recovered during Antarctic Leg 28, Deep Sea Drilling Project, p. 625–691. In Hayes, D. E. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 28. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Ciesielski, P. F. 1991. Biostratigraphy of diverse silicoflagellate assemblages from the early Paleocene to early Miocene of Holes 698A, 700B, 702B, and 703A: subantarctic South Atlantic, p. 49–961. In Ciesielski, P. F. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Ocean Drilling Program, 114. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
Ciesielski, P. F., Hasson, P., and Turner, J. W. Jr., 1989. The stratigraphy of Neogene silicoflagellates from the Norwegian Sea, ODP Leg 104, p. 497–517. In Edholm, O. et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 104. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
Deflandre, G., 1950. Contribution à l'étude des silicoflagellides actuels et fossiles. Microscopie, 2:72–108, 117-142, 191-210.Google Scholar
Dumitrica, P. 1972. Miocene and Quaternary silicoflagellates in sediments from the Mediterranean Sea, p. 902–933. In Ryan, W. B. F. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 13. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Dumitrica, P. 1973a. Miocene and Quaternary silicoflagellates in sediments from the Mediterranean Sea, p. 902–933. In Ryan, W. B. F. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 13. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Dumitrica, P. 1973b. Paleocene, late Oligocene and post-Oligocene silicoflagellates in southwestern Pacific sediments cored on Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 21, p. 837–883. In Burns, R. E. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 21. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Frenguelli, J. 1935. Variaciones de Dictyocha fibula en el Golfo de San Matias. Annales del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 38:263–381.Google Scholar
Gemeinhardt, K. 1934. Die Silicoflagellatten des südatlantischen Ozeans. Wissenchaften Ergebnisse der deutschen Atlantischen Expedition auf den Forschung und Vermessungsschiff “Meteor,” 12:274–312.Google Scholar
Glezer, Z. I. 1966. Silicoflagellatophycaea. In Gollerbakh, M. M. (ed.), Cryptogamic Plants of the U.S.S.R. (Vol. 7). Academy of Sciences of the USSR, V. A. Komarova Botanical Institute, 363 p. (Translated from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd., Jerusalem, 1970.).Google Scholar
Hajós, M., 1975. Late Cretaceous archaeomonads, diatomaceae, and silicoflagellata from the South Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 29, Site 275, p. 913–1010. In Kennett, J. P. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 29. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Hanna, G. D. 1928. Silicoflagellata from the Cretaceous of California. Journal of Paleontology, 1:259–263.Google Scholar
Hanna, G. D. 1930. A new genus of Silicoflagellata from the Miocene of Lower California. Journal of Paleontology, 4:415–416.Google Scholar
Haq, B. U., and Riley, A. 1976. Antarctic silicoflagellates from the southeast Pacific Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 35, p. 673–691. In Hollister, C. D. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 35, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Harwood, D. M. 1988. Upper Cretaceous and lower Paleocene diatom and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy of Seymour Island, eastern Antarctic Peninsula, p. 55–129. In Feldmann, R. M. and Woodburne, M. D. (eds.), Geology and Paleontology of Seymour Island. Geological Society of America Memoir, 169.Google Scholar
Hendriksen, P., Knipschildt, F., Moestrup, Ø., and Thomsen, H. A. 1993. Autecology, life history and toxicology of the silicoflagellate Dictyocha speculum (Silicoflagellata, Dictyochophyceae). Phycologia, 32:29–39.Google Scholar
Lemmermann, E., 1901. Silicoflagellatae. Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft, 19:247–271.Google Scholar
Ling, H.-Y. 1973. Silicoflagellates and ebridians from Leg 19, p. 751–775. In Creager, J. S. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 19. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Ling, H.-Y. 1975. Silicoflagellates and ebridians from Leg 31, 763-777. In Karig, D. D. et al., (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 31. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Ling, H.-Y. 1980. Silicoflagellates and ebridians from Leg 55. In Jackson, E. D. et al. (eds.), p. 373–385. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Ling, H.-Y. 1985. Paleogene silicoflagellates and ebridians from the Goban Spur, northeastern Atlantic, p. 663–668. In Graciansky, P. C. et al. (eds.). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 80. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Ling, H.-Y. 1992. Late Neogene silicoflagellates and ebridians from Leg 128, Sea of Japan, p. 237–248. In Pisciotto, K. A. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 127/128. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Ling, H. Y., and Takahashi, K. 1985. The silicoflagellate genus Octactis Schiller 1925: a synonym of the genus Distephanus . Micropaleontology, 31:76–81.Google Scholar
Lipps, J. H. 1970. Ecology and evolution of silicoflagellates, p. 965–993. In Yochelson, E. L. (ed.), Proceedings of the North American Paleontologic Convention, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas.Google Scholar
Locker, S., 1974. Revision der Silicoflagellaten aus der Mikrogeologischen Sammlung von C. G. Ehrenberg. Ecologae Geologicae Helvetiae, 67:631–646.Google Scholar
Locker, S. and Martini, E. 1986. Silicoflagellates and some sponge spicules from the southwest Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 90, p. 887–924. In Kennett, J. P. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 90. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Locker, S. and Martini, E. 1989. Cenozoic silicoflagellates, ebridians, and actiniscidians from the Vøring Plateau (ODP Leg 104), p. 543–586. In Eldholm, O. et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 104. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
Loeblich, A. R. III, Loeblich, L. A., Tappan, H.H., and Loeblich, A. R. Jr., 1968. Annotated Index of Fossil and Recent Silicoflagellates and Ebridians with Descriptions and Illustrations of Validly Proposed Taxa. Geological Society of America Memoir, 106, 319 p.Google Scholar
Mandra, Y. T., 1969. A new genus of Silicoflagellata from an Eocene South Atlantic deep-sea core (Protozoa: Mastigophora). Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 77, 7 p.Google Scholar
Marshall, S. M. 1934. The Silicoflagellata and the Tintinnoinea. British Museum, Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929, Sciences Report, 4:623–664.Google Scholar
Martini, E. 1971. Neogene silicoflagellates from the equatorial Pacific, p. 1695–1708. In Winterer, E. L. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 7. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Martini, E. 1976. Neogene and Quaternary silicoflagellates from the central Pacific Ocean (Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 33), p. 439–449. In Schlanger, S. O. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 33. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Martini, E. 1979. Calcareous nannoplankton and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy at Reykjanes Ridge, northeastern North Atlantic (DSDP Leg 49, Sites 407 and 409), p. 533–549. In Luyendyk, B. P. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 49. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Martini, E. 1982. Pliocene and Quaternary diatoms, silicoflagellates, sponge spicules, and endoskeletal dinoflagellates from the Philippine Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project Legs 59 and 60, p. 565–574. In Hussong, D. M. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Program, 59, 60. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Martini, E. 1990. Tertiary and Quaternary silicoflagellates, actiniscidians, and ebridians from the eastern Pacific off Peru (Leg 112), p. 157–173. In Suess, E. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Program, 112. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Martini, E., and Müller, C. 1976. Eocene to Pleistocene silicoflagellates from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea (DSDP Leg 38), p. 857–895. In Talwani, M. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Program, 38. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
McCartney, K. 1988. Modeling silicoflagellate skeletal morphology. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 217 p.Google Scholar
McCartney, K., Churchill, S., and Woestendiek, L. In press. Silicoflagellates and ebridians from ODP Leg 138, eastern equatorial Pacific. In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 138. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
McCartney, K., and Harwood, D. M. 1992. Silicoflagellates from Leg 120 on the Kerguelen Plateau, southeast Indian Ocean, p. 811–831. In Wise, S. W. Jr., et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Drilling, 120. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
McCartney, K., and Loper, D. E. 1989. Optimized skeletal morphologies of silicoflagellate genera Dictyocha and Distephanus . Paleobiology, 15:283–298.Google Scholar
McCartney, K., and Loper, D. E. 1992. Optimal models of skeletal morphology for the silicoflagellate genus Corbisema . Micropaleontology, 38:87–93.Google Scholar
McCartney, K., and Wise, S. W. Jr. 1987. Silicoflagellates and ebridians from Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 93, Sites 604 and 605 (New Jersey Transect), p. 801–814. In van Hinte, J. E. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 93. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
McCartney, K., and Wise, S. W. Jr. 1990. Cenozoic silicoflagellates and ebridians from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 113: biostratigraphy and notes on morphologic variability, p. 729–760. In Barker, P. F. et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 113. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
McCartney, K., and Wise, S. W. Jr. 1993. Unusual silicoflagellate skeletal morphologies from the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene: possible ecophenotypic variations from the high-latitude southern oceans, 195-206. In Kennett, J. P. and Warnke, D. A. (eds.), The Antarctic Paleoenvironment: A Perspective on Global Change. American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series, 60.Google Scholar
McCartney, K., Wise, S. W. Jr., Harwood, D. M., and Gersonde, R. 1990. Enigmatic lower Albian silicoflagellates from ODP Site 693: progenitors of the order Silicoflagellata? p. 427–442. In Wise, S. W. Jr., et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 120. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
Moestrup, Ø, and Thomsen, H. 1990. Dictyocha speculum (Silicoflagellata, Dictyochophyceae), studies on armoured and unarmoured stages. Biologiske Skrifter, 37:1–37.Google Scholar
Müller, C. 1981. Miocene to Pleistocene silicoflagellates from the central North Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 62, p. 361–364. In Theide, J. et al., (eds). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 62. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Perch-Nielsen, K. 1975. Late Cretaceous to Pleistocene silicoflagellates, southern southwest Pacific, Leg 29, p. 873–908. In Kennett, J. P. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 29. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Perch-Nielsen, K. 1978. Tertiary silicoflagellates and other siliceous microfossils from the western South Atlantic, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 39, p. 863–867. In Supko, P. R. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 39. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Poelchau, H. S. 1974. Holocene silicoflagellates of the North Pacific: their distribution and use for paleotemperature determination. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, San Diego, 165 p.Google Scholar
Schrader, H.-J. 1978. Quaternary through Neogene history of the Black Sea, deduced from the paleoecology of diatoms, silicoflagellates, ebridians, and chrysomonads, 789-901 [Leg 42B]. In Usher, J. L. and Supko, P. (eds.) Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Program, 42, Part 2. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Schulz, P. 1928. Beitrage zur Kenntnis fossiler und rezenter Silicoflagellaten. Botanischen Archiv, 21:225–292.Google Scholar
Shaw, C. A. and Ciesielski, P. F. 1983. Silicoflagellate biostratigraphy of middle Eocene to Holocene subantarctic sediments recovered by Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 71, p. 687–737. In Ludwig, W. J. et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 71.Google Scholar
Stradner, H., and Bachmann, A. 1978. Late Pliocene and early Pleistocene silicoflagellates and ebridians from DSDP Site 378 in the Aegean basin, north of Crete, p. 805–815. In Hsü, K. J. et al. (eds.), Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Program, 42, Part 1. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Tappan, H. 1980. The Paleobiology of Plant Protists. W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, 1028 p.Google Scholar
Van Valkenburg, S. D. 1970. The ultrastructure of the silicoflagellate Dictyocha fibula Ehrenberg. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, 166 p.Google Scholar
Van Valkenburg, S. D., and Norris, R. E., 1970. The growth and morphology of the silicoflagellate Dictyocha fibula Ehrenberg in culture. Journal of Phycology, 6:48–54.Google Scholar