Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T04:26:13.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Two kinds of persistent soil seed banks in an amphi-basicarpic cold-desert annual

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 September 2014

Juan J. Lu ,
Dun Y. Tan ,
Jerry M. Baskin  and
Carol C. Baskin
Juan J. Lu
Affiliation:
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urümqi 830052, China
Dun Y. Tan*
Affiliation:
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urümqi 830052, China
Jerry M. Baskin
Affiliation:
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urümqi 830052, China Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
Carol C. Baskin*
Affiliation:
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urümqi 830052, China Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
*
*Correspondence E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
*Correspondence E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Several studies have compared seed banks of the different morphs of heteromorphic species, but none of them was on an amphi-basicarpic species. Our primary aim was to compare the relative ability of aerial and basal diaspores of an amphi-basicarpic species to form a seed bank. We compared the seed-bank dynamics of basal and aerial diaspores of three populations of the cold-desert annual Ceratocarpus arenarius growing in the Junggar Desert in north-western China. A 2.5-year experimental garden study compared germination phenology and retention of viability in basal (a) and aerial (c and f) morphs. Aerial morphs formed a modified Thompson and Grime type III seed bank (small proportion of seeds carried over to next year) and the basal morph a modified type IV seed bank (large proportion of seeds carried over to next year). Seeds germinated only in spring, and cumulative germination percentages were f>c>a (year 1), f = c>a (year 2) and f = c = a (year 3). The relationship between length of germination period, retention of viability during burial and relative ability to form a persistent seed bank was basal morph > aerial morphs. The results of this seed-bank study on C. arenarius are in full agreement with those published previously on seed dispersal and dormancy in this species. Thus, strong additional support is provided for a high risk–low risk germination strategy in this cold-desert annual.

Keywords

amphi-basicarpic annualbet-hedgingCeratocarpusdiaspore heteromorphismretention of diaspore viabilitysoil seed bank
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 293 - 300
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, G.A. and O'Dowd, D.J. (1982) Effect of parent plant density on the production of achene types in the annual Hypochoeris glabra . Journal of Ecology 70, 201–215.Google Scholar
Barker, N.P. (2005) A review and survey of basicarpy, geocarpy, and amphicarpy in the African and Madagascan flora. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 92, 445–462.Google Scholar
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (2014) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination (2nd edition). San Diego, Elsevier/Academic.Google Scholar
Baskin, J.M., Lu, J.J., Baskin, C.C., Tan, D.Y. and Wang, L. (2014) Diaspore dispersal ability and degree of dormancy in heteromorphic species of cold deserts of northwest China. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 16, 93–99.Google Scholar
Brändel, M. (2007) Ecology of achene dimorphism in Leontodon saxatilis . Annals of Botany 100, 1189–1197.Google Scholar
Callihan, R.H., Prather, T.S. and Northam, F.E. (1993) Longevity of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) achenes in soil. Weed Technology 7, 33–35.Google Scholar
Cao, D., Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., Yong, F. and Huang, Z.Y. (2012) Comparison of germination and seed bank dynamics of the cold desert halophyte Suaeda corniculata subsp. mongolica . Annals of Botany 110, 1545–1558.Google Scholar
Carter, C.T. and Ungar, I.A. (2003) Germination responses of dimorphic seeds of two halophyte species to environmentally controlled and natural conditions. Canadian Journal of Botany 81, 918–926.Google Scholar
Cheplick, G.P. (1994) Life history evolution in amphicarpic plants. Plant Species Biology 9, 119–131.Google Scholar
Cheplick, G.P. and Quinn, J.A. (1982) Amphicarpum purshii and the ‘pessimistic strategy’ in amphicarpic annuals with subterranean fruit. Oecologia 52, 327–332.Google Scholar
Cordazzo, C.V. (2006) Seed characteristics and dispersal of dimorphic fruit segments of a Cakile maritima Scopoli (Brassicaceae) population of southern Brazilian coastal dunes. Revista Brasileira de Botánica 29, 259–265.Google Scholar
Cronin, E.H. (1965) Ecological and physiological factors influencing chemical control of Halogeton glomeratus . United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1325, 1–65.Google Scholar
Donohue, K. (1998) Maternal determinants of seed dispersal in Cakile edentula: fruit, plant, and site traits. Ecology 79, 2771–2788.Google Scholar
Gao, R., Wei, Y. and Yan, C. (2008) Amphicarpy and seed germination behavior of Ceratocarpus arenarius L. (Chenopodiaceae). Chinese Journal of Ecology 27, 23–27 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Harper, J.L. (1977) Population biology of plants. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Imbert, E. (2002) Ecological consequences and ontogeny of seed heteromorphism. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 5, 13–36.Google Scholar
Imbert, E., Escarré, J. and Lepart, J. (1996) Achene dimorphism and among-population variation in Crepis sancta populations. International Journal of Plant Sciences 157, 309–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imbert, E., Escarré, J. and Lepart, J. (1999) Differentiation among populations for life history, morphology, head traits, and achene morph proportions in the heterocarpic species Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm. (Asteraceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 160, 543–552.Google Scholar
Joley, D.B., Maddox, D.M., Schoenig, S.E. and Mackey, B.E. (2003) Parameters affecting germinability and seed bank dynamics in dimorphic achenes of Centaurea solstitialis in California. Canadian Journal of Botany 81, 993–1007.Google Scholar
Lu, J.J., Tan, D.Y., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2010) Fruit and seed heteromorphism in the cold desert annual ephemeral Diptychocarpus strictus (Brassicaceae) and possible adaptive significance. Annals of Botany 105, 999–1014.Google Scholar
Lu, J.J., Tan, D.Y., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2013) Tradeoffs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual. Annals of Botany 112, 1815–1827.Google Scholar
Mandák, B. (1997) Seed heteromorphism and the life cycle of plants: a literature review. Preslia 69, 129–159.Google Scholar
Mandák, B. and Pyšek, P. (2001) Fruit dispersal and seed banks in Atriplex sagittata: the role of heterocarpy. Journal of Ecology 89, 159–165.Google Scholar
Mao, Z.M. (1994) Flora of Xinjiang. Vol. 2(1). Urümqi, Xinjiang, Science, Technology & Public Health Press (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Maun, M.A. and Payne, A.M. (1989) Fruit and seed polymorphism and its relation to seedling growth in the genus Cakile . Canadian Journal of Botany 67, 2743–2750.Google Scholar
Payne, A.M. and Maun, M.A. (1981) Dispersal and floating ability of dimorphic fruit segments of Cakile edentula var. lacustris . Canadian Journal of Botany 59, 2595–2602.Google Scholar
Philipupillai, J. and Ungar, I.A. (1984) The effect of seed dimorphism on the germination and survival of Salicornia europaea L. populations. American Journal of Botany 71, 542–549.Google Scholar
Robocker, W.C., Williams, M.C., Evans, R.A. and Torell, P.J. (1969) Effects of age, burial, and region on germination and viability of halogeton seed. Weed Science 17, 63–65.Google Scholar
Ruiz de Clavijo, E.R. and Jiménez, M.J. (1998) The influence of achene type and plant density on growth and mass allocation of the heterocarpic annual Catananche lutea (Asteraceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 159, 637–647.Google Scholar
Sadeh, A., Guterman, H., Gersani, M. and Ovadia, O. (2009) Plastic bet-hedging in an amphicarpic annual: an integrated strategy under variable conditions. Evolutionary Ecology 23, 373–388.Google Scholar
Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. (1995) Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research (3rd edition). San Francisco, Freeman.Google Scholar
Thompson, K. and Grime, J.P. (1979) Seasonal variation in the seed bank of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats. Journal of Ecology 67, 893–921.Google Scholar
Ungar, I.A. (1984 r) Autecological studies with Atriplex triangularis Willdenow. pp. 40–52 in Tiedemann, A.R.; McArthur, E.D.; Durant, E.; Stutz, H.C.; Stevens, R.; Johnson, K.L. (Eds) Proceedings of the symposium on the biology of Atriplex and related chenopods, 2–6 May 1983, Provo, Utah . General Technical Report. INT-172. Ogden, Utah, USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.Google Scholar
Venable, D.L. (1985) The evolutionary ecology of seed heteromorphism. The American Naturalist 126, 577–595.Google Scholar
Venable, D.L. and Lawlor, L. (1980) Delayed germination and dispersal in desert annuals: escape in space and time. Oecologia 46, 272–282.Google Scholar
Venable, D.L. and Levin, D.A. (1985 a) Ecology of achene dimorphism in Heterotheca latifolia. I. Achene structure, germination and dispersal. Journal of Ecology 73, 133–145.Google Scholar
Venable, D.L. and Levin, D.A. (1985 b) Ecology of achene dimorphism in Heterotheca latifolia. II. Demographic variation within populations. Journal of Ecology 73, 743–755.Google Scholar
Venable, D.L., Burquez, A., Corral, G., Morales, E. and Espinosa, F. (1987) The ecology of seed heteromorphism in Heterosperma pinnatum in central Mexico. Ecology 68, 65–76.Google Scholar
Wang, L., Huang, Z.Y., Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (2008) Germination of dimorphic seeds of the desert annual halophyte Suaeda aralocaspica (Chenopodiaceae), a C4 plant without Kranz anatomy. Annals of Botany 102, 757–769.Google Scholar
Wang, X., Jiang, J., Lei, J., Zhang, W. and Qian, Y. (2003) Distribution of ephemeral plants and their significance in dune stabilization in Gurbantunggut Desert. Journal of Geographical Sciences 13, 323–330.Google Scholar
Wei, W.S., He, Q., Liu, M.Z. and Gao, W.D. (2003) Climate change and the desert environment in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. Journal of Desert Research 23, 101–105 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Weiss, P.W. (1980) Germination, reproduction and interference in the amphicarpic annual Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. Oecologia 45, 244–251.Google Scholar
Wertis, B.A. and Ungar, I.A. (1986) Seed demography and seedling survival in a population of Atriplex triangularis Willd. The American Midland Naturalist 116, 152–162.Google Scholar
Yao, S.X., Lan, H.Y. and Zhang, F.C. (2010) Variation of seed heteromorphism in Chenopodium album and the effect of salinity stress on the descendants. Annals of Botany 105, 1015–1025.Google Scholar
Zhang, J. and Maun, M.A. (1992) Effects of burial in sand on the growth and reproduction of Cakile edentula . Ecography 15, 296–302.Google Scholar
Zhou, X.Q. (2009) Life history strategy of amphicarpy in Ceratocarpus arenarius L. MS thesis, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urümqi, China (in Chinese with English abstract). Google Scholar