Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T03:10:24.706Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed germination of Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) as related to its anatomy and dormancy alleviation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 July 2016

Marcio P. Pereira ,
Felipe F. Corrêa ,
Marcelo Polo ,
Evaristo M. de Castro ,
Amanda Á. Cardoso  and
Fabricio J. Pereira
Marcio P. Pereira
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Botânica Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, MG, Brasil
Felipe F. Corrêa
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Botânica Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, MG, Brasil
Marcelo Polo
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciências Da Natureza – ICN, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, n° 700, Centro, Alfenas MG, Brasil
Evaristo M. de Castro
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Botânica Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, MG, Brasil
Amanda Á. Cardoso
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
Fabricio J. Pereira*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Botânica Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, MG, Brasil
*
*Correspondence Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The seeds of Schinus molle are referred to as displaying physical dormancy because of their water-impermeable endocarp. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the germination of S. molle seeds as related to environmental conditions, scarification, storage time and seed anatomy. Various experiments were conducted to test the alleviation of dormancy in newly collected and stored seeds. Acid-scarified seeds incubated under continuous light at 25°C showed greatest vigour and germination. The separation of seeds by specific gravity revealed a higher germination percentage for those seeds that sank. In addition, dry storage alleviated dormancy with a remarkable increase in the various germination parameters. Overall, germination traits decreased after prolonged storage, but even after 12 months the means for germination parameters for stored seeds were still higher than those of newly collected ones. S. molle seeds remain attached to parts of the fruit mesocarp and endocarp. The mesocarp contains several layers of parenchyma showing secretory cavities. The endocarp consists of three layers of sclereids surrounding the embryo. Acid scarification strongly changed the structure of the external layers in the mesocarp, digesting parenchyma cells and removing the contents from both parenchyma cells and the secretory cavities; this improved water uptake during imbibition, which occurred only at the carpellary hilar slit. In conclusion, S. molle seeds are positively photoblastic and show physiological dormancy which can be alleviated by acid scarification and dry storage. Seeds can be stored for over 12 months without significant losses in germination parameters compared to newly collected seeds.

Keywords

acid scarificationpepper treephotoblastic seedsseed imbibitionseed physiologyseed structure
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 26 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 351 - 361
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Basbouss-Serhal, I., Leymarie, J. and Bailly, C. (2016) Fluctuation of Arabidopsis seed dormancy with relative humidity and temperature during dry storage. Journal of Experimental Botany 67, 119–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bentsink, L. and Koornneef, M. (2008) Seed dormancy and germination. The Arabidopsis Book 6, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bewley, J.D. (1997) Seed germination and dormancy. The Plant Cell 9, 1055–1066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brundrett, M.C., Enstone, D.E. and Peterson, C.A. (1988) A berberine–aniline blue fluorescent staining procedure for suberin, lignin, and callose in plant tissue. Protoplasma 146, 133–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmello-Guerreiro, S.M. and Paoli, A.A.S. (2002) Ontogeny and structure of the pericarp of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, 73–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmello-Guerreiro, S.M. and Paoli, A.A.S. (2005) Anatomy of the pericarp and seed-coat of Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) with taxonomic notes. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, 599–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, H., Cao, M., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2013) Temperature regulates positively photoblastic seed germination in four ficus (Moraceae) tree species from contrasting habitats in a seasonal tropical rainforest. American Journal of Botany 100, 1683–1687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demelash, L., Tigabu, M. and Odén, P.C. (2003) Enhancing germinability of Schinus molle L. seed lot from Ethiopia with specific gravity and IDS techniques. New Forests 26, 33–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deno, N.C. (1993) Seed germination theory and practice (2nd edition). Beltsville, MD, National Agricultural Library.Google Scholar
El-Keblawy, A. and Al-Rawai, A. (2006) Effects of seed maturation time and dry storage on light and temperature requirements during germination in invasive Prosopis juliflora . Flora 201, 135–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escobar, D.F.E. and Cardoso, V.J.M. (2015) Longevity of seeds and soil seed bank of the Cerrado tree Miconia chartacea (Melastomataceae). Seed Science Research 25, 386–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, D.F. (2011) Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system. Ciência e Agrotecnologia 35, 1039–1042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fessel, S.A., Vieira, R.D., Cruz, M.C.P., Paula, R.C. and Panobianco, M. (2006) Electrical conductivity testing of corn seeds as influenced by temperature and period of storage. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 41, 1551–1559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hidayati, S.N., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2002) Effects of dry storage on germination and survivorship of seeds of four Lonicera species (Caprifoliaceae). Seed Science and Technology 30, 137–148.Google Scholar
Hosni, K., Jemli, M., Dziri, S., M'rabet, Y., Ennigrou, A., Sghaier, A., Casabianca, H., Vulliet, E., Brahimd, N.B. and Sebei, H. (2011) Changes in phytochemical, antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of the Peruvian pepper tree (Schinus molle L.) as influenced by fruit maturation. Industrial Crops and Products 34, 1622–1628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iponga, D.M., Milton, S.J. and Richardson, D.M. (2008) Superiority in competition for light: a crucial attribute defining the impact of the invasive alien tree Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) in South African savanna. Journal of Arid Environments 72, 612–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, D.A. (1940) Plant microtechnique (2nd edition). New York, McGraw–Hill.Google Scholar
Jøker, D., Cruz, N.T., Morales, M.U. and Rojas, E. (2002) Schinus molle L. Seed Leaflet 57, 1–2.Google Scholar
Li, X., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1999a) Physiological dormancy and germination requirements of seeds of several North American Rhus species (Anacardiaceae). Seed Science Research 9, 237–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1999b) Seed morphology and physical dormancy of several North American Rhus species (Anacardiaceae). Seed Science Research 9, 247–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, T.K. (2012) Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Vol. 3. Fruits. pp. 453–485. Netherlands, Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morfin, F.C. (1985) Identification del mecanismo que inhibe la germinacion en Schinus molle L. y forma de eliminarlo. Revista Ciencia Florestal 55, 35–49.Google Scholar
Nambara, E., Okamoto, M., Tatematsu, K., Yano, R., Seo, M. and Kamiya, Y. (2010) Abscisic acid and the control of seed dormancy and germination. Seed Science Research 20, 55–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Brien, T.P., Feder, N. and McCully, M.E. (1964) Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue. Protoplasma 59, 368–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh, E., Yamaguchi, S., Kamiya, Y., Bae, G., Chung, W. and Choi, G. (2006) Light activates the degradation of PIL5 protein to promote seed germination through gibberellin in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 47, 124–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliveira, J.M.S. and Mariath, J.E.A. (2015) Endocarp development in Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae). Iheringia 70, 177–183.Google Scholar
Panobianco, M., Vieira, R.D. and Perecin, D. (2007) Electrical conductivity as an indicator of pea seed aging of stored at different temperatures. Scientia Agricola 64, 119–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pell, S.K., Mitchell, J.D., Miller, A.J. and Lobova, T.A. (2011) Anacardiaceae. pp. 7–50 in Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae. Berlin, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Pereira, M.P., Rodrigues, L.C.A., Correa, F.F., Castro, E.M., Ribeiro, V.E. and Pereira, F.J. (2016) Cadmium tolerance in Schinus molle trees is modulated by enhanced leaf anatomy and photosynthesis. Trees 30, 807–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puglia, G., Grimaldia, S., Cartaa, A., Pavonea, P. and Toorop, P. (2015) Pericarp structure of Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach (Asteraceae) cypselae controls water uptake during germination. Seed Science Research 25, 255–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosental, L., Nonogaki, H. and Fait, A. (2014) Activation and regulation of primary metabolism during seed germination. Seed Science Research 24, 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva-Luz, C.L. and Pirani, J.R. (2013) Anacardiaceae in lista de espécies da flora do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. Available at http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB4398 (accessed 30 June 2016).Google Scholar
Simpson, M.G. (2006) Plant systematics. Amsterdam, Elsevier.Google Scholar
Varela, O. and Lizardo, G. (2010) Seed viability and effect of scarification with sulphuric acid on germination of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae) seeds. Seed Science and Technology 38, 528–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wannan, B.S. (2006) Analysis of generic relationships in Anacardiaceae. Blumea 51, 165–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zahed, N., Hosni, K., Brahim, N.B., Kallel, M. and Sebei, H. (2010) Allelopathic effect of Schinus molle essential oils on wheat germination. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32, 1221–1227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar