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Phenotypic plasticity in seed germination relates differentially to overwintering and flowering temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 August 2014

Eduardo Fernández-Pascual  and
Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
Eduardo Fernández-Pascual*
Affiliation:
Jardín Botánico Atlántico, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. del Jardín Botánico 2230, 33394 Gijón/Xixón, Spain
Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
*
*Correspondence Fax: 0034985130685 E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Phenotypic plasticity in seed dormancy may allow plant species to cope with rapid environmental changes, such as climate warming. In controlled experimental settings, plasticity in dormancy has been found to relate to temperature during seed maturation, but this relationship has not been tested in field conditions. Here we analyse for the first time the variation in dormancy during five successive years in wild populations of the study species Centaurium somedanum, to determine how this variation is related to average temperatures during specific seasons of plant activity. We performed laboratory germination experiments to measure: (1) the degree of dormancy at dispersal; and (2) the sensitivity to dormancy-breaking factors. We calculated average temperatures during four seasons of plant activity (overwintering, vegetative growth, flowering and seed maturation) for each year, and tested the relationship between these temperatures and patterns of dormancy variation, using Generalized Linear Models. Dormancy varied among sites and years, seeds being more dormant in colder years. For the degree of dormancy at dispersal, we found a positive relationship with flowering temperature and a significant effect of collection site. For the sensitivity to dormancy-breaking factors, we found no significant differences among sites, a positive relationship with flowering temperature and a negative relationship with overwintering temperature. Phenotypic plasticity in dormancy in C. somedanum is thus especially marked in the sensitivity to dormancy-breaking factors. Temperatures during overwintering and flowering have differential effects on this plasticity, allowing the plant to detect the gradient of seasonality, a main ecological feature of its distribution. These results highlight the importance of taking into account more than average temperatures when assessing the response of plant phenotypic plasticity to climate change.

Keywords

Centaurium somedanumdormancy variationGentianaceaeplant–climate interactionsplant regenerationseed ecology
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 273 - 280
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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