Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T22:05:46.840Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nature and utilization of seed reserves during germination and heterotrophic growth of young sugar beet seedlings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

A. Elamrani ,
P. Raymond  and
P. Saglio
A. Elamrani
Affiliation:
Station de Physiologie Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux, BP 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
P. Raymond
Affiliation:
Station de Physiologie Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux, BP 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
P. Saglio*
Affiliation:
Station de Physiologie Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux, BP 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
*
* Correspondence
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The seed reserves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) are starch, located exclusively in the perisperm, and lipids, proteins and a small quantity of soluble sugars, located mainly in the cotyledons. It is shown that lipids are the main respiratory substrate used during germination whereas starch and remaining lipids are only hydrolysed after root extrusion, to sustain root and hypocotyl growth. By removing the perisperm during imbibition, it was demonstrated that lipids and proteins alone are sufficient for viable seedling development, though such seedlings grew less than those developing in the presence of perisperm. The utilization of seed reserves was followed during seedling development in the dark in various organs. At 20°C, the reserves were sufficient for 8 d of growth in the dark, the hypocotyl attaining a length of 5 cm. Specific problems relating to field establishment of sugar beet are discussed in relation to these results.

Keywords

seed reservesmobilizationearly growthBeta vulgarissugar beetgermination
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , March 1992 , pp. 1 - 8
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al-ani, A., Bruzau, F., Raymond, P., Saint-Gès, V., Leblanc, J.M., and Pradet, A. (1985) Germination, respiration, and adenylate energy charge of seeds at various oxygen partial pressures. Plant Physiology 79, 885–890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atkinson, D.E. (1968) The energy charge of the adenylate pool as a regulatory parameter. Interaction with feedback modifiers. Biochemistry 7, 4030–4034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, L.R. (1982) Some effects of differing times of seedling emergence, population density and seed size on root-size variation in carrot populations. Journal of Agricultural Science 98, 537–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernt, E. and Gutmann, I. (1974) Ethanol determination with alcohol dehydrogenase and NAD pp 1499–1502 in Bergmeyer, H.U. (Ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis. New York, Academic Press, Inc.Google Scholar
Bligh, E.G. and Dyer, W.J. (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemical Physiology 37, 911–917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boiffin, J., Durr, C., Fleury, A. and Marin-Laflech, A. (1990) Analysis of the variability of sugar beet growth curves during the establishment period. Session 2, p. 47 in Scaife, A. (Ed.) First Congress of the European Society of Agronomy. Colmar, France.Google Scholar
Bradford, M. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of proteins utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brobst, K. and Lott, C. (1966) Determination of some components in corn syrup by gas–liquid chromatography of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. Cereal Chemistry 43, 35–46.Google Scholar
Brouquisse, R., James, F., Raymond, P. and Pradet, A. (1991) Study of glucose starvation in excised maize root tips. Plant Physiology 96, 619–626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durr, C., Boiffin, J., Coulomb, I. and Maillet, I. (1990) Influence of emergence delay and seedbed conditions of sugar beet seedling vigor. Session 3, p. 10 in Scaife, A. (Ed.) First Congress of the European Society of Agronomy. Colmar, France.Google Scholar
Gutmann, I. and Wahlefeld, A.W. (1974) l-(+)-Lactate determination with lactate dehydrogenase and NAD. pp. 1464–1468 in Bergmeyer, H.U. (Ed.) Methods of enzymatic analysis. New York, Academic Press, Inc.Google Scholar
Kolloffel, C. (1967) Respiration rate and mitochondrial activity in the cotyledons of Pisum sativum L, during germination. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 16, 111–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Journet, E.P., Bligny, R. and Douce, R. (1986) Biochemical changes during sucrose deprivation in higher plant cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 3193–3199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawrence, D.M., Halmer, P. and Bowles, D.J. (1990) Mobilisation of storage reserves during germination and early seedling growth of sugar beet. Physiologia Plantarum 78, 421–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milford, G.F.J., Pocock, T.O., Jaggard, K.W., Biscoe, P.V., Armstrong, M.J., Last, P.J. and Goodman, P.J. (1985) An analysis of leaf growth in sugar beet IV The expansion of the leaf canopy in relation to temperature and nitrogen. Annals of Applied Biology 107, 335–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pradet, A. (1967) Etude des adnosine-5'-mono, di et triphosphates dans les tissus vegetaux I Dosage enzymatique. Physiologie Vegetale 5, 209–221.Google Scholar
Pradet, A. and Raymond, P. (1983) Adenine nucleotide ratios and adenylate energy charge in energy metabolism. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 34, 199–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, P. and Pradet, A. (1980) Stabilization of adenine nucleotide ratios at various values by an oxygen limitation of respiration in germinating lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. Biochemical Journal 190, 36–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raymond, P., Al-ani, A. and Pradet, A. (1985) ATP production byrespiration and fermentation, and energy charge during aerobiosis and anaerobiosis intwelve fatty and starchy germinating seeds. Plant Physiology 79, 879–884.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, G., Raymond, P., Corbineau, F. and Pradet, A. (1989) Effect of the pericarp on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seed germination: study ofenergy metabolism. Seed Science and Technology 17, 485–497.Google Scholar
Saglio, P.H. and Pradet, A. (1980) Soluble sugars, respiration, and energy charge during aging of excised maize root tips. Plant Physiology 66, 516–519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saglio, P.H., Raymond, P. and Pradet, A. (1980) Metabolic activity and energy charge of excised maize root tips under anoxia. Plant Physiology 66, 1053–1057.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salon, C., Raymond, P. and Pradet, A. (1988) Quantification of carbon fluxes through the tricarboxylic acid cycle in early germinating lettuce embryos. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263, 12278–12287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salter, P.J., Currah, I.E. and Fellows, J.R. (1981) Studies of some source of variation in carrot root weight. Journal of Agricultural Science 96, 549–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, R.K., Harper, F., Wood, D.W. and Jaggard, K.W. (1974) Effects of seed size on growth, development and yield of monogerm sugar beet. Journal of Agricultural Science 82, 517–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stitt, M. and Ap Rees, T. (1978) Pathways of carbohydrate oxidation in leaves of Pisum sativum and Triticum aestivum. Phytochemistry 17, 1251–1256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweeley, C., Bentley, R., Makita, M. and Wells, W. (1963) Gas–liquid chromatography of trimethylsilyl derivatives of sugars and related substances. Journal of the American Chemical Society 85, 2497–2507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Umbreit, W.W., Burris, R.H. and Stauffer, J.F. (1964) Manometric techniques. 4th edn, Minneapolis, Burgess Publishing Company.Google Scholar