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Methods for dehydration-tolerance: Depression of the phase transition temperature in dry membranes and carbohydrate vitrification

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Ann E. Oliver ,
Lois M. Crowe  and
John H. Crowe
Ann E. Oliver*
Affiliation:
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Lois M. Crowe
Affiliation:
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
John H. Crowe
Affiliation:
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
*
*+1 530 752 5305[email protected]
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Abstract

Anhydrobiosis, or life without water, is the remarkable ability of certain types of plants and animals to survive almost total dehydration. This phenomenon requires a coordinated series of events within the cells of anhydrobiotes that protect their cellular components, particularly proteins and lipid membranes, from damage caused by the removal of water. Much of what is now understood about preserving biological samples during drying was learned by studying naturally desiccation-tolerant organisms and extended using model systems such as phospholipid vesicles. Most anhydrobiotic organisms accumulate disaccharides in their cells and tissues during the dehydration process. These carbohydrates, usually sucrose or trehalose, satisfy two criteria that appear to be necessary for protecting membranes during desiccation and during storage in the dry state. These requirements include: (1) depression of the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature (Tm) in the dehydrated lipid to a temperature at or near that of the hydrated lipid, a process that appears to require a direct interaction between the carbohydrates and the lipid molecules of the membrane; and (2) formation of a carbohydrate glass with a relatively high glass transition temperature, leading to inhibition of fusion between the vesicles.

Keywords

anhydrobiosisdehydrationliposomesphase transitionvitrification
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , June 1998 , pp. 211 - 221
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

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