Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T04:14:10.223Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Adventitious presence of other varieties in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) from seed banks and certified seed

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2007

Tina Jørgensen ,
Thure Pavlo Hauser  and
Rikke Bagger Jørgensen
Tina Jørgensen
Affiliation:
Risø National Laboratory, Biosystems Department-309, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Thure Pavlo Hauser
Affiliation:
Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Department of Ecology, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Rikke Bagger Jørgensen*
Affiliation:
Risø National Laboratory, Biosystems Department-309, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
*
*Correspondence Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

To obtain information on possible sources of contamination of the seed harvest of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., spp. napus) by other varieties (adventitious presence), we investigated the purity of certified seed lots; the abundance and origin of volunteers; and longevity and origin of seeds in the soil seed-bank. This information was acquired through DNA analysis of volunteers collected in the field and seedlings derived from the soil seed-bank. DNA profiles of the volunteers and seedlings were obtained using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers, and the profiles were compared with ISSR profiles from an assortment of 14 of the most commonly cultivated oilseed rape varieties from 1985 to 2004. This comparison was performed using the assignment program, AFLPOP. The age of the seed bank germinating to become volunteers was assumed from information on previously cultivated oilseed rape varieties at the site and the year of cultivation. The results showed that plants or seeds belonged to varieties cultivated at the site 4–17 years earlier, suggesting a long persistence of volunteer populations. High volunteer frequencies (6%, 29% and 32%) were found in the three oilseed rape fields analysed and, from soil cores, their soil seed-bank was estimated to be 50–100 seeds m− 2. The ISSR analysis of the 14 reference varieties showed that three of the certified seed lots contained other varieties above the allowed threshold. Our findings are discussed in the context of the coexistence between GM (genetically modified) and non-GM oilseed rape, and future levels of seed purity.

Keywords

Brassica napusgenetically modified oilseed rapehybridizationseed dispersalseed persistenceseed purity
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , June 2007 , pp. 115 - 125
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bassam, B.J., Caetano-Anollés, G. and Gresshoff, P.M. (1991) Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 196, 80–83.Google Scholar
Becker, H.C., Damgaard, C. and Karlsson, B. (1992) Environmental variation for outcrossing rate in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 84, 303–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charters, Y.M., Robertson, A., Wilkinson, M.J. and Ramsay, G. (1996) PCR analysis of oilseed rape cultivars (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera) using 5′-anchors simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 92, 442–447.Google Scholar
Colbach, N., Clermont-Dauphin, C. and Meynard, J.M. (2001a) GENESYS: a model of the influence of cropping systems on gene escape from herbicide tolerant rapeseed crops to rape volunteers I. Temporal evolution of a population of rapeseed volunteers in a field. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 83, 235–253.Google Scholar
Colbach, N., Clermont-Dauphin, C. and Meynard, J.M. (2001b) GENESYS: a model of the influence of cropping systems on gene escape from herbicide tolerant rapeseed crops to rape volunteers II. Genetic exchanges among volunteer and cropped populations in a small region. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 83, 255–270.Google Scholar
Crawley, M.J. and Brown, S.L. (1995b) Seed limitation and the dynamics of feral oilseed rape on the M25 motorway. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B – Biological Sciences 259, 49–54.Google Scholar
Cresswell, J.E., Davies, T.W., Patrick, M.A., Russell, F., Pennel, C., Vicot, M. and Lahoubi, M. (2004) Aerodynamics of wind pollination in a zoophilous flower, Brassica napus. Functional Ecology 18, 861–866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damgaard, C., Kjellsson, G. and Haldrup, C. (2007) Prediction of the combined effects of various GM contamination sources of seed: A case study of oilseed rape under Danish conditions. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavia Section B–Soil and Plant Science, (in press).Google Scholar
De Cáceres, M., Olivia, F. and Font, X. (2003) GINKGO, a multivariate analysis program oriented towards distance-based classifications. XXVII Congreso Nacional de Estadística e Investigacíon Operativa. Lleida. Version 1.2. Available fromhttp://biodiver.bio.ub.es/vegana/ (accessed 5 December 2006).Google Scholar
Doyle, J.J. and Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19, 11–15.Google Scholar
Duchesne, P. and Bernatchez, L. (2002a) AFLPOP: a computer program for simulated and real population allocation, based on AFLP data. Molecular Ecology Notes 2, 380–383.Google Scholar
Duchesne, P. and Bernatchez, L. (2002b) Computer program AFLPOP version 1.1. Available fromhttp://www.bio.ulaval.ca/louisbernatchez/downloads_fr.htm (accessed 5 December 2006).Google Scholar
European Commission (2003) http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2001/l-106/l-10620010417/en 00010038.pdf.Google Scholar
Gruber, S., Pekrun, C. and Claupein, W. (2004) Seed persistence of oilseed rape (Brassica napus): variation in transgenic and conventionally bred cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science 142, 29–40.Google Scholar
Gulden, R.H., Shirtliffe, S.J. and Thomas, A.G. (2003) Harvest losses of canola (Brassica napus) cause large seedbank inputs. Weed Science 51, 83–86.Google Scholar
Lutman, P.J.W. (2003) Co-existence of conventional, organic and GM crops – role of temporal and spatial behaviour of seeds. pp. 33–42in Boelt, B. (Ed.) Proceedings of the First European conference on the co-existence of genetically modified crops with conventional and organic crops. Slagelse, Denmark, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Also available athttp://www.agrsci.dk/gmcc-03/gmcc_proceedings.pdf (accessed 7 October 2006)..Google Scholar
Lutman, P.J.W., Freeman, S.E. and Pekrun, C. (2003) The long-term persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in arable fields. Journal of Agricultural Science 141, 231–240.Google Scholar
Ma, C.-Z., Fu, T.-D., Tuevesson, S. and Gertsson, B. (2003) Genetic diversity of Chinese and Swedish rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) analysed by inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 1, 169–174.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C., Lutman, P.J.W. and Baeumer, K. (1997a) Induction of secondary dormancy in rape seeds (Brassica napus L.) by prolonged imbibition under conditions of water stress or oxygen deficiency in darkness. European Journal of Agronomy 6, 245–255.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C., Lutman, P.J.W. and Baeumer, K. (1997b) Germination behaviour of dormant oilseed rape seeds in relation to temperature. Weed Research 37, 419–431.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C., Hewitt, J.D.J. and Lutman, P.J.W. (1998) Cultural control of volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Journal of Agricultural Science 130, 155–163.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C., Lane, P.W. and Lutman, P.J.W. (2005) Modelling seedbank dynamics of volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Agricultural Systems 84, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pessel, F.D., Lecomte, J., Emeriau, V., Krouti, M., Messean, A. and Gouyon, P.H. (2001) Persistence of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) outside of cultivated fields. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 102, 841–846.Google Scholar
Price, J.S., Hobson, R.N., Neale, M.A. and Bruce, D.M. (1996) Seed losses in commercial harvesting of oilseed rape. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 65, 183–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsay, G., Thompson, C.E., Neilson, S. and Mackay, G.R. (1999) Honeybees as vectors of GM oilseed rape pollen. pp. 209–214in Lutman, P. (Ed.) Gene flow and agriculture: Relevance for transgenic crops. Alton, British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Rieger, M.A., Lamond, M., Preston, C., Powles, S.B. and Roush, R.T. (2002) Pollen-mediated movement of herbicide resistance between commercial canola fields. Science 296, 2386–2388.Google Scholar
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Google Scholar
Simard, M.J., Légère, A., Pageau, D., Lajeunesse, J. and Warwick, S. (2002) The frequency and persistence of volunteer canola (Brassiac napus) in Québec cropping systems. Weed Technology 16, 433–439.Google Scholar
Tolstrup, K., Andersen, S.B., Boelt, B., Buss, M., Gylling, M., Holm, P.B., Kjellsson, G., Pedersen, S., Østergård, H. and Mikkelsen, S.A. (2003) Report from the Danish working group on the co-existence of genetically modified crops with conventional and organic crops. DIAS Report Plant Production No. 94. Tjele, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences.Google Scholar
Tommasini, L., Batley, J., Arnold, G.M., Cooke, R.J., Donini, P., Lee, D., Law, J.R., Lowe, C., Moule, C., Trick, M. and Edwards, K.J. (2003) The development of multiplex simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to complement distinctness, uniformity and stability testing of rape (Brassica napus L.) varieties. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 106, 1091–1101.Google Scholar
Walklate, P.J., Hunt, J.C.R., Higson, H.L. and Sweet, J.B. (2004) A model of pollen-mediated gene flow for oilseed rape. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B – Biological Sciences 271, 441–449.Google Scholar
Warwick, S.I., Beckie, H.J. and Small, E. (1999) Transgenic crops: new weed problems for Canada? Phytoprotection 80, 71–84.Google Scholar