Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T16:11:16.516Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Christophe Bailly
Christophe Bailly*
Affiliation:
Physiologie Végétale Appliquée, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, tour 53, 1étage, 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05, 75252, France
*
*Correspondence, Fax: +33 1 44 27 59 27, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Active oxygen species (AOS) are involved in various aspects of seed physiology. Their generation, which occurs during seed desiccation, germination and ageing, may lead to oxidative stress and cellular damage, resulting in seed deterioration. However, cells are endowed with detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant compounds that scavenge AOS and participate in seed survival. The detoxifying mechanisms play a key role in acquisition of desiccation tolerance of developing seeds, completion of seed germination and seed storability. However, AOS must also be regarded as molecules intervening in cellular signalling. They are involved in growth processes occurring at early embryogenesis during seed development, and participate in the mechanisms underlying radicle protrusion during seed germination. AOS might also have a regulatory function in the changes in gene expression during seed development, dormancy and germination. Their interplay with other molecules, particularly with hormones such as abscisic acid, suggests that they should be considered as key components of an integrated signalling network involved in many aspects of seed physiology.

Keywords

active oxygen speciesantioxidantscell signallingdetoxifying enzymesgerminationoxidative stress
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , May 2004 , pp. 93 - 107
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aalen, R.B. (1999) Peroxiredoxin antioxidants in seed physiology. Seed Science Research 9, 285–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allan, A.C. and Fluhr, R. (1997) Two distinct sources of elicited reactive oxygen species in tobacco epidermal cells. Plant Cell 9, 1559–1572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amor, Y., Chevion, M. and Levine, A. (2000) Anoxia pretreatment protects soybean cells against H2O2-induced cell death: possible involvement of peroxidases and of alternative oxidase. FEBS Letters 477, 175–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andarwulan, N., Fardiaz, D., Wattimena, G.A. and Shetty, K. (1999) Antioxidant activity associated with lipid and phenolic mobilization during seed germination of Pangium edule Reinw. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, 3158–3163.Google Scholar
Arrigo, A.P. (1999) Gene expression and the thiol redox state. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 27, 936–944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arrigoni, O., De Gara, L., Tommasi, F. and Liso, R. (1992) Changes in the ascorbate system during seed development of Vicia faba L. Plant Physiology 99, 235–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asthir, B., Duffus, C.M., Smith, R.C. and Spoor, W. (2002) Diamine oxidase is involved in H2O2 production in the chalazal cells during barley grain filling. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 677–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bagnoli, F., Capuana, M. and Racchi, M.L. (1998) Developmental changes of catalase and superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in zygotic and somatic embryos of horse chestnut. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25, 909–913.Google Scholar
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F. and Côme, D. (1996) Changes in malondialdehyde content and in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in sunflower seeds as related to deterioration during accelerated aging. Physiologia Plantarum 97, 104–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F. and Côme, D. (1998) Free radical scavenging as affected by accelerated ageing and subsequent priming in sunflower seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 104, 646–652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F., and Côme, D. (2000) Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Science Research 10, 35–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailly, C., Audigier, A., Ladonne, F., Wagner, M.H., Coste, F., Corbineau, F. and Côme, D. (2001) Changes in oligosaccharide content and antioxidant enzyme activities in developing bean seeds as related to acquisition of drying tolerance and seed quality. Journal of Experimental Botany 52, 701–708.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailly, C., Bogatek-Leszczynska, R., Côme, D. and Corbineau, F. (2002) Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipoxygenase during growth of sunflower seedlings from seeds of different vigour. Seed Science Research 12, 47–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailly, C., Leymarie, J., Rousseau, S., Côme, D., Feutry, A. and Corbineau, F. (2003) Sunflower seed development as related to antioxidant enzyme activities. pp. 69–75in Nicolas, G.;, Bradford, K.J.;, Côme, D.;, Pritchard, H.W. (Eds) The biology of seeds: Recent research advances. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Bailly, C., Leymarie, J., Lehner, A., Rousseau, S., Côme, D. and Corbineau, F. (2004) Catalase activity and expression in developing sunflower seeds as related to drying. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 475–483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beckman, K.B. and Ames, B.N. (1997) Oxidants, antioxidants, and aging. pp. 201–246in Scandalios, J.G. (Ed.) Oxidative stress and the molecular biology of antioxidant defenses. New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Google Scholar
Beevers, H. (1979) Microbodies in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 30, 159–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernal-Lugo, I., Camacho, A. and Carballo, A. (2000) Effects of seed ageing on the enzymic antioxidant system of maize cultivars. pp. 151–160in Black, M.;, Bradford, K.J.;, Vazquez-Ramos, J. (Eds) Seed biology: Advances and applications. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. (1994) Seeds. Physiology of development and germination (2nd edition). New York, Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogatek, R., Gawrońska, H. and Oracz, K. (2003) Involvement of oxidative stress and ABA in CN-mediated elimination of embryonic dormancy in apple. pp. 211–216Nicolas, G.;, Bradford, K.J.;, Côme, D.;, Pritchard, H.W. (Eds) The biology of seeds: Recent research advances. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Bolwell, G.P. and Wojtaszek, P. (1997) Mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence – a broad perspective. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 51, 347–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolwell, G.P., Bindschedler, L.V., Blee, K.A., Butt, V.S., Davies, D.R., Gardner, S.L., Gerrish, C. and Minibayeva, F. (2002) The apoplastic oxidative burst in response to biotic stress in plants: a three-component system. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 1367–1376.Google ScholarPubMed
Bowler, C. and Fluhr, R. (2000) The role of calcium and activated oxygens as signals for controlling cross-tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 5, 241–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowler, C., Van Montagu, M. and Inzé, D. (1992) Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 43, 83–116.Google Scholar
Bradford, K.J., Chen, F., Cooley, M.B., Dahal, P., Downie, B., Fukunaga, K.K., Gee, O.H., Gurusinghe, S., Mella, R.A., Nonogaki, H., Wu, C.T., Yang, H. and Yim, K.O. (2000) Gene expression prior to radicle emergence in imbibed tomato seeds. pp. 231–251in Black, M.;, Bradford, K.J.;, Vazquez-Ramos, J. (Eds) Seed biology: Advances and applications. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Breen, A.P. and Murphy, J.A. (1995) Reactions of oxyl radicals with DNA. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 18, 1033–1077.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buitink, J., Hoekstra, F.A. and Leprince, O. (2002) Biochemistry and biophysics of tolerance systems. pp. 293–318Black, M., Pritchard, H.W. (Eds) Desiccation and survival in plants: Drying without dying. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Caliskan, M. and Cuming, A.C. (1998) Spatial specificity of H2O2-generating oxalate oxidase gene expression during wheat embryo germination. Plant Journal 15, 165–171.Google Scholar
Caro, A. and Puntarulo, S. (1999) Nitric oxide generation by soybean embryonic axes. Possible effect on mitochondrial function. Free Radical Research 31, S205–S212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaitanya, K.S.K. and Naithani, S.C. (1994) Role of superoxide, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase in membrane perturbation during loss of viability in seeds of Shorea robusta Gaerth. New Phytologist 126, 623–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamnongpol, S., Willekens, H., Moeder, W., Langebartels, C., Sandermann, H., Van Montagu, M., Inzé, D. and Van Camp, W. (1998) Defense activation and enhanced pathogen tolerance induced by H2O2 in transgenic tobacco. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95, 5818–5823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chance, B., Boveris, A., Oshino, N. and Loschen, G. (1973) The nature of catalase intermediate and its biological function. pp. 350–353King, T.E.;, Mason, H.S.;, Morrison, M. (Eds) Oxidases and related redox systems. Baltimore, University Park Press.Google Scholar
Charles, S.A. and Halliwell, B. (1980) Effect of hydrogen peroxide on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplast fructose bisphosphatase. Biochemical Journal 189, 373–376.Google Scholar
Chen, S.X. and Schopfer, P. (1999) Hydroxyl-radical production in physiological reactions: a novel function of peroxidase. European Journal of Biochemistry 260, 726–735.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chien, C.T. and Lin, T.P. (1994) Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide in improving the germination of Cinnamonum camphora seed. Seed Science and Technology 22, 231–236.Google Scholar
Chiu, K.Y., Chen, C.L. and Sung, J.M. (2002) Effect of priming temperature on storability of primed sh-2 sweet corn seed. Crop Science 42, 1996–2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cochrane, M.P., Paterson, L. and Gould, E. (2000) Changes in chalazal cell walls and in the peroxidase enzymes of the crease region during grain development in barley. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 507–520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corbineau, F. and Côme, D. (1995) Control of seed germination and dormancy by the gaseous environment. pp. 397–427in Kigel, J., Galili, G. (Eds) Seed development and germination. New York, Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Corpas, F.J., Barroso, J.B., del Rio, L.A. (2001) Peroxisomes as a source of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signal molecules in plant cells. Trends in Plant Science 6, 145–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cui, K., Xing, G., Liu, X., Xing, G. and Wang, Y. (1999) Effect of hydrogen peroxide on somatic embryogenesis of Lycium barbarum L. Plant Science 146, 9–16.Google Scholar
De Gara, L., de Pinto, M.C. and Arrigoni, O. (1997) Ascorbate synthesis and ascorbate peroxidase activity during the early stage of wheat germination. Physiologia Plantarum 100, 894–900.Google Scholar
De Gara, L., de Pinto, M.C., Moliterni, V.M.C. and D'Egidio, M.G. (2003) Redox regulation and storage processes during maturation in kernels of Triticum durum. Journal of Experimental Botany 54, 249–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Jong, A.J., Yakimova, E.T., Kapchina, V.M. and Woltering, E.J. (2002) A critical role for ethylene in hydrogen peroxide release during programmed cell death in tomato suspension cells. Planta 214, 537–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delaunay, A., Isnard, A.D. and Toledano, M.B. (2000) H2O2 sensing through oxidation of the Yap1 transcription factor. EMBO Journal 19, 5157–5166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
del Rio, L.A., Pastori, G.M., Palma, J.M., Sandalio, L.M., Sevilla, F., Corpas, F.J., Jimenez, A., Lopez-Huertas, E. and Hernandez, J.A. (1998) The activated oxygen role of peroxisomes in senescence. Plant Physiology 116, 1195–1200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Paula, M., Pérez-Otaola, M., Darder, M., Torres, M., Frutos, G. and Martinez-Honduvilla, C.J. (1996) Function of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle in aged sunflower seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 96, 543–550.Google Scholar
De Tullio, M.C. and Arrigoni, O. (2003) The ascorbic acid system in seeds: to protect and to serve. Seed Science Research 13, 249–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Vos, C.H.R., Kraak, H.L. and Bino, R.J. (1994) Aging of tomato seeds involves glutathione oxidation. Physiologia Plantarum 92, 131–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desikan, R., Reynolds, A., Hancock, J.T. and Neill, S.J. (1998) Harpin and hydrogen peroxide both initiate programmed cell death but have differential effects on defence gene expression in Arabidopsis suspension cultures. Biochemical Journal 330, 115–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Desikan, R., Clarke, A., Hancock, J.T. and Neill, S.J. (1999) H 2 O 2 activates a MAP kinase-like enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultures. Journal of Experimental Botany 50, 1863–1866.Google Scholar
Desikan, R., Mackerness, S.A.H., Hancock, J.T. and Neill, S.J. (2001) Regulation of the Arabidopsis transcriptome by oxidative stress. Plant Physiology 127, 159–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doke, N., Miura, Y., Sanchez, L.M. and Kawakita, K. (1994) Involvement of superoxide in signal transduction: responses to attack by pathogens, physical and chemical shocks and UV irradiation. pp. 177–218in Foyer, C.H. and Mullineaux, P. (eds) Causes of photooxidative stress and amelioration of defense systems in plants. Boca Raton, CRC Press.Google Scholar
Durner, J. and Klessig, D.F. (1999) Nitric oxide as a signal in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2, 369–374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eshdat, Y., Holland, D., Faltin, Z., Ben-Hayyim, G. (1997) Plant glutathione peroxidases. Physiologia Plantarum 100, 234–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrant, J.M., Bailly, C., Leymarie, J., Hamman, B., Côme, D. and Corbineau, F. (2004) Wheat seedlings as a model to understand desiccation-tolerance and -sensitivity. Physiologia Plantarum 120, 563–574.Google Scholar
Fath, A., Bethke, P.C. and Jones, R.L. (2001) Enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species are down-regulated prior to gibberellic acid-induced programmed cell death in barley aleurone. Plant Physiology 126, 156–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fath, A., Bethke, P., Beligni, V. and Jones, R. (2002) Active oxygen and cell death in cereal aleurone cells. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 1273–1282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finch-Savage, W.E., Hendry, G.A.F. and Atherton, N.M. (1994) Free radical activity and loss of viability during drying of desiccation sensitive tree seeds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102, 257–260.Google Scholar
Finnie, C., Melchior, S., Roepstorff, P. and Svensson, B. (2002) Proteome analysis of grain filling and seed maturation in barley. Plant Physiology 129, 1308–1319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fontaine, O., Huault, C., Pavis, N. and Billard, J.P. (1994) Dormancy breakage of Hordeum vulgare seeds: effects of hydrogen peroxide and scarification on glutathione level and glutathione reductase activity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 32, 677–683.Google Scholar
Foyer, C.H. and Noctor, G. (2003) Redox sensing and signalling associated with reactive oxygen in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and mitochondria. Physiologia Plantarum 119, 355–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foyer, C.H., Lelandais, M. and Kunert, K.J. (1994) Photooxidative stress in plants. Physiologia Plantarum 92, 696–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fry, S.C. (1998) Oxidative scission of plant cell wall polysaccharides by ascorbate-induced hydroxyl radicals. Biochemical Journal 332, 507–515.Google Scholar
Gallardo, K., Job, C., Groot, S.P.C., Puype, M., Demol, H., Vandekerckhove, J. and Job, D. (2001) Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis seed germination and priming. Plant Physiology 126, 835–848.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gidrol, X., Lin, W.S., Degousee, N., Yip, S.F. and Kush, A. (1994) Accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidation of cytokinin in germinating soybean seeds. European Journal of Biochemistry 224, 21–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, J.J. and Loake, G.J. (2000) Role of reactive oxygen intermediates and cognate redox signaling in disease resistance. Plant Physiology 124, 21–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guan, L.M. and Scandalios, J.G. (1998) Effects of the plant growth regulator abscisic acid and high osmoticum on the developmental expression of the maize catalase genes. Physiologia Plantarum 104, 413–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guan, L.M. and Scandalios, J.G. (2002) Catalase gene expression in response to auxin-mediated developmental signals. Physiologia Plantarum 114, 288–295.Google Scholar
Guan, L.M., Zhao, J. and Scandalios, J.G. (2000) Cis -elements and trans -factors that regulate expression of the maize Cat1 antioxidant gene in response to ABA and osmotic stress: H2O2 is the likely intermediary signaling molecule for the response. Plant Journal 22, 87–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (1999) Free radicals in biology and medicine (3rd edition). New York, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hara, M., Terashima, S., Fukaya, T. and Kuboi, T. (2003) Enhancement of cold tolerance and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by citrus dehydrin in transgenic tobacco. Planta 217, 290–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haslekas, C., Stacy, R.A.P., Nygaard, V., Culianez-Macia, F.A. and Aalen, R.B. (1998) The expression of a peroxiredoxin antioxidant gene, AtPer1, in Arabidopsis thaliana is seed-specific and related to dormancy. Plant Molecular Biology 36, 833–845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haslekas, C., Viken, M.K., Grini, P.E., Nygaard, V., Nordgard, S.H., Meza, T.J. and Aalen, R.B. (2003) Seed 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin antioxidants are not involved in dormancy, but contribute to inhibition of germination during stress. Plant Physiology 133, 1148–1157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendricks, S.B. and Taylorson, R.B. (1975) Breaking of seed dormancy by catalase inhibition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 72, 306–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hendry, G.A.F. (1993) Oxygen, free radical processes and seed longevity. Seed Science Research 3, 141–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendry, G.A.F., Finch-Savage, W.E., Thorpe, P.C., Atherton, N.M., Buckland, S.M., Nilsson, K.A. and Seel, W.E. (1992) Free radical processes and loss of seed viability during desiccation in the recalcitrant species Quercus robur L. New Phytologist 122, 273–279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henzler, T. and Steudle, E. (2000) Transport and metabolic degradation of hydrogen peroxide in Chara corallina: model calculations and measurements with the pressure probe suggest transport of H 2 O 2 across water channels. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 2053–2066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hite, D.R.C., Auh, C. and Scandalios, J.G. (1999) Catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide levels are inversely correlated in maize scutella during seed germination. Redox Reports 4, 29–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, A.H.C., Trelease, R.N. and Moore, T.S. (1983) Plant peroxisomes. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ingram, J. and Bartels, D. (1996) The molecular basis of dehydration tolerance in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47, 377–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jabs, T. (1999) Reactive oxygen intermediates as mediators of programmed cell death in plants and animals. Biochemical Pharmacology 57, 231–245.Google Scholar
Jabs, T., Dietrich, R.A. and Dangl, J.L. (1996) Initiation of runaway cell death in an Arabidopsis mutant by extracellular superoxide. Science 27, 1853–1856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, M. and Zhang, J. (2002a) Water stress-induced abscisic acid accumulation triggers the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 2401–2410.Google Scholar
Jiang, M. and Zhang, J. (2002b) Involvement of plasma-membrane NADPH oxidase in abscisic acid- and water stress-induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize seedlings. Planta 215, 1022–1030.Google Scholar
Joo, J.H., Bae, Y.S. and Lee, J.S. (2001) Role of auxin-induced reactive oxygen species in root gravitropism. Plant Physiology 126, 1055–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kato, N. and Esaka, M. (1999) Changes in ascorbate oxidase gene expression and ascorbate levels in cell division and cell elongation in tobacco cells. Physiologia Plantarum 105, 321–329.Google Scholar
Kermode, A.R. (1995) Regulatory mechanisms in the transition from seed development to germination: interactions between the embryo and the seed environment. 273–332in Kigel, J. and Galili, G. (eds) Seed development and germination. New York, Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Kermode, A.R., Finch-Savage, B.E. (2002) Desiccation sensitivity in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds in relation to development. 149–184in Black, M. and Pritchard, H.W. (eds) Desiccation and survival in plants: Drying without dying. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovtun, Y., Chiu, W.L., Tena, G. and Sheen, J. (2000) Functional analysis of oxidative stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 97, 2940–2945.Google Scholar
Kranner, I. and Grill, D. (1993) Content of low-molecular-weight thiols during the imbibition of pea seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 88, 557–562.Google Scholar
Kranner, I. and Grill, D. (1996) Significance of thiol-disulfide exchange in resting stages of plant development. Botanica Acta 109, 8–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kunce, C.M. and Trelease, R.N. (1986) Heterogeneity of catalase in maturing and germinated cotton seeds. Plant Physiology 81, 1134–1139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwak, J.M., Mori, I.C., Pei, Z.M., Leonhardt, N., Torres, M.A., Dangl, J.L., Bloom, R.E., Bodde, S., Jones, J.D.G. and Schroeder, J.I. (2003) NADPH oxidase AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes function in ROS-dependent ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. EMBO Journal 22, 2623–2633.Google Scholar
Lamb, C. and Dixon, R.A. (1997) The oxidative burst in plant disease resistance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48, 251–275.Google Scholar
Lee, K.O., Jang, H.H., Jung, B.G., Chi, Y.H., Lee, J.Y., Choi, Y.O., Lee, J.R., Lim, C.O., Cho, M.J. and Lee, S.Y. (2000) Rice 1Cys-peroxiredoxin over-expressed in transgenic tobacco does not maintain dormancy but enhances antioxidant activity. FEBS Letters 486, 103–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leprince, O., Deltour, R., Thorpe, P.C., Atherton, N.M. and Hendry, G.A.F. (1990) The role of free radicals and radical processing systems in loss of desiccation tolerance in germinating maize (Zea mays L.). New Phytologist 116, 573–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leprince, O., Hendry, G.A.F. and McKersie, B.D. (1993) The mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in developing seeds. Seed Science Research 3, 231–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, A., Tenkanen, R., Dixon, R. and Lamb, C. (1994) H 2 O 2 from the oxidative burst orchestrates the plant hypersensitive disease resistance response. Cell 79, 583–593.Google Scholar
Lewis, M.L., Miki, K. and Ueda, T. (2000) FePer 1, a gene encoding an evolutionarily conserved 1-Cys peroxiredoxin in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), is expressed in a seed-specific manner and induced during seed germination. Gene 246, 81–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, C. and Sun, W.Q. (1999) Desiccation sensitivity and activities of free radical-scavenging enzymes in recalcitrant Theobroma cacao seeds. Seed Science Research 9, 209–217.Google Scholar
Liszkay, A., Kenk, B. and Schopfer, P. (2003) Evidence for the involvement of cell wall peroxidase in the generation of hydroxyl radicals mediating extension growth. Planta 217, 658–667.Google Scholar
Liu, Q., Kasuga, M., Sakuma, Y., Abe, H., Miura, S., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. and Shinozaki, K. (1998) Two transcription factors, DREB1 and DREB2, with an EREBP/AP2 DNA binding domain separate two cellular signal transduction pathways in drought- and low-temperature-responsive gene expression, respectively, in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 10, 1391–1406.Google Scholar
McDonald, M.B. (1999) Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology 27, 177–237.Google Scholar
Meinhard, M., Rodriguez, P.L. and Grill, E. (2002) The sensitivity of ABI2 to hydrogen peroxide links the abscisic acid-response regulator to redox signalling. Planta 214, 775–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mittler, R. (2002) Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 7, 405–410.Google Scholar
Moller, I.M. (2001) Plant mitochondria and oxidative stress: electron transport, NADPH turnover, and metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 52, 561–591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morohashi, Y. (2002) Peroxidase activity develops in the micropylar endosperm of tomato seeds prior to radicle protrusion. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 1643–1650.Google Scholar
Murata, Y., Pei, Z.M., Mori, I.C. and Schroeder, J. (2001) Abscisic acid activation of plasma membrane Ca 2+ channels in guard cells requires cytosolic NAD(P)H and is differentially disrupted upstream and downstream of reactive oxygen species production in abi1–1and abi2–1 protein phosphatase 2c mutants. Plant Cell 13, 2513–2523.Google Scholar
Naredo, M.E.B., Juliano, A.B. Lu, B.R., De, Guzman, F. and Jackson, M.T. (1998) Responses to seed dormancy-breaking treatments in rice species ( Oryza L.). Seed Science and Technology 26, 675–689.Google Scholar
Neill, S., Desikan, R. and Hancock, J. (2002) Hydrogen peroxide signalling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 5, 388–395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neill, S.J., Desikan, R. and Hancock, J.T. (2003) Nitric oxide signalling in plants. New Phytologist 159, 11–35.Google Scholar
Ogawa, K. and Iwabuchi, M. (2001) A mechanism for promoting the germination of Zinnia elegans seeds by hydrogen peroxide. Plant and Cell Physiology 42, 286–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliver, M.J. (1996) Desiccation tolerance in vegetative plant cells. Physiologia Plantarum 97, 779–787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orozco-Cardenas, M.L., Narvaez-Vasquez, J. and Ryan, C.A. (2001) Hydrogen peroxide acts as a second messenger for the induction of defense genes in tomato plants in response to wounding, systemin, and methyl jasmonate. Plant Cell 13, 179–191.Google Scholar
Otegui, M.S., Capp, R. and Staehelin, L.A. (2002) Developing seeds of Arabidopsis store different minerals in two types of vacuoles and in the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant Cell 14, 1311–1327.Google Scholar
Overmyer, K., Brosche, M. and Kangasjarvi, J. (2003) Reactive oxygen species and hormonal control of cell death. Trends in Plant Science 8, 335–342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pammenter, N.W. and Berjak, P. (1999) A review of recalcitrant seed physiology in relation to desiccation-tolerance mechanisms. Seed Science Research 9, 13–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papadakis, A.K., Siminis, C.I. and Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. (2001) Reduced activity of antioxidant machinery is correlated with suppression of totipotency in plant protoplasts. Plant Physiology 126, 434–444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pastori, G.M., Kiddle, G., Antoniw, J., Bernard, S., Veljovic-Jovanovic, S., Verrier, P.J., Noctor, G. and Foyer, C.H. (2003) Leaf vitamin C contents modulate plant defense transcripts and regulate genes that control development through hormone signaling. Plant Cell 15, 939–951.Google Scholar
Pei, Z.M., Murata, Y., Benning, G., Thomine, S., Klüsener, B., Allen, G.J., Grill, E. and Schroeder, J.I. (2000) Calcium channels activated by hydrogen peroxide mediate abscisic acid signalling in guard cells. Nature 406, 731–734.Google Scholar
Pellinen, R.I., Korhonen, M.S., Tauriainen, A.A., Palva, E.T. and Kangasjärvi, J. (2002) Hydrogen peroxide activates cell death and defense gene expression in birch. Plant Physiology 130, 549–560.Google Scholar
Posmyk, M.M., Corbineau, F., Vinel, D., Bailly, C. and Côme, D. (2001) Osmoconditioning reduces physiological and biochemical damage induced by chilling in soybean seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 111, 473–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prasad, T.K., Anderson, M.D., Martin, B.A. and Stewart, C.R. (1994) Evidence for chilling-induced oxidative stress in maize seedlings and a regulatory role for hydrogen peroxide. Plant Cell 6, 65–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priestley, D.A. (1986) Seed aging. Implications for seed storage and persistence in the soil. Ithaca, Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Pukacka, S. (1991) Changes in membrane lipid components and antioxidant levels during natural aging of seeds of Acer platanoides. Physiologia Plantarum 82, 306–310.Google Scholar
Puntarulo, S., Sanchez, R.A. and Boveris, A. (1988) Hydrogen peroxide metabolism in soybean embryonic axes at the onset of germination. Plant Physiology 86, 626–630.Google Scholar
Puntarulo, S., Galleano, M., Sanchez, R.A. and Boveris, A. (1991) Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide metabolism in soybean embryonic axes during germination. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1074, 277–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Racchi, M.L., Bagnoli, F., Balla, I. and Danti, S. (2001) Differential activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in seedlings and in vitro micropropagated oak ( Quercus robur L.). Plant Cell Reports 20, 169–174.Google ScholarPubMed
Reumann, S. (2000) The structural properties of plant peroxisomes and their metabolic significance. Biological Chemistry 381, 639–648.Google Scholar
Riechmann, J.L. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1998) The AP2/EREBP family of plant transcription factors. Biological Chemistry 379, 633–646.Google Scholar
Samuel, M.A., Miles, G.P. and Ellis, B.E. (2000) Ozone treatment rapidly activates MAP kinase signalling in plants. Plant Journal 22, 367–376.Google Scholar
Scandalios, J.G., Guan, L. and Polidoros, A.N. (1997) Catalases in plants: gene structure, properties, regulation and expression. pp. 343–406in Scandalios, J.G. (Ed.) Oxidative stress and the molecular biology of antioxidant defenses. New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Google Scholar
Schopfer, P., Plachy, C. and Frahry, G. (2001) Release of reactive oxygen intermediates (superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals) and peroxidase in germinating radish seeds controlled by light, gibberellin, and abscisic acid. Plant Physiology 125, 1591–1602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schopfer, P., Liszkay, A., Bechtold, M., Frahry, G. and Wagner, A. (2002) Evidence that hydroxyl radicals mediate auxin-induced extension growth. Planta 214, 821–828.Google Scholar
Schweikert, C., Liszkay, A. and Schopfer, P. (2000) Scission of polysaccharides by peroxidase-generated hydroxyl radicals. Phytochemistry 53, 565–570.Google Scholar
Schweikert, C., Liszkay, A. and Schopfer, P. (2002) Polysaccharide degradation by Fenton reaction- or peroxidase-generated hydroxyl radicals in isolated plant cell walls. Phytochemistry 61, 31–35.Google Scholar
Sherwin, H.W. and Farrant, J.M. (1998) Protection mechanisms against excess light in the resurrection plants Craterostigma wilmsii and Xerophyta viscosa. Plant Growth Regulation 24, 203–210.Google Scholar
Simontacchi, M., Caro, A., Fraga, C.G. and Puntarulo, S. (1993) Oxidative stress affects α-tocopherol content in soybean embryonic axes upon imbibition and following germination. Plant Physiology 103, 949–953.Google Scholar
Simontacchi, M., Sadovsky, L. and Puntarulo, S. (2003) Profile of antioxidant content upon developing of Sorghum bicolor seeds. Plant Science 164, 709–715.Google Scholar
Smirnoff, N. (1993) The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist 125, 27–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, M.T. and Berjak, P. (1995) Deteriorative changes associated with the loss of viability of stored desiccation-tolerant and desiccation-sensitive seeds. pp. 701–746in Kigel, J., Galili, G. (eds) Seed development and germination. New York, Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Stacy, R.A.P., Nordeng, T.W., Culianez-Macia, F.A. and Aalen, R.B. (1999) The dormancy-related peroxiredoxin anti-oxidant, PER1, is localized to the nucleus of barley embryo and aleurone cells. Plant Journal 19, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staniek, K. and Nohl, H. (2000) Are mitochondria a permanent source of reactive oxygen species? Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1460, 268–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sung, J.M. (1996) Lipid peroxidation and peroxide-scavenging in soybean seeds during aging. Physiologia Plantarum 97, 85–89.Google Scholar
Tanida, M. (1996) Catalase activity of rice seed embryo and its relation to germination rate at a low temperature. Breeding Science 46, 23–27.Google Scholar
Tommasi, F., Paciolla, C., de Pinto, M.C. and De Gara, L. (2001) A comparative study of glutathione and ascorbate metabolism during germination of Pinus pinea L. seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany 52, 1647–1654.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vertucci, C.W. and Farrant, J.M. (1995) Acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance. pp. 237–271in Kigel, J. and Galili, G. (eds) Seed development and germination. New York, Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Vlamis-Gardikas, A. and Holmgren, A. (2002) Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin isoforms. Methods in Enzymology 347, 209–219.Google Scholar
Vranova, E., Inzé, D., Van Breusegem, F. (2002) Signal transduction during oxidative stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 1227–1236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, M., Heimovaara-Dijkstra, S., Van Duijn, B. (1995) Modulation of germination of embryos isolated from dormant and nondormant barley grains by manipulation of endogenous abscisic levels. Planta 195, 586–592.Google Scholar
Wang, M., van der Meulen, R.M., Visser, K., Van Schaik, H.P., Van Duijn, B. de and Boer, A.H. (1998) Effects of dormancy-breaking chemicals on ABA levels in barley grain embryos. Seed Science Research 8, 129–137.Google Scholar
Willekens, H., Inzé, D., Van Montagu, M., Van Camp, W. (1995) Catalases in plants. Molecular Breeding 1, 207–228.Google Scholar
Wilson, D.O. and McDonald, M.B. (1986) The lipid peroxidation model of seed aging. Seed Science and Technology 14, 269–300.Google Scholar
Wisniewski, J.P., Cornille, P., Agnel, J.P. and Montillet, J.L. (1999) The extensin multigene family responds differentially to superoxide or hydrogen peroxide in tomato cell cultures. FEBS Letters 447, 264–268.Google Scholar
Wolin, M.S. and Mohazzab-H., K.M. (1997) Mediation of signal transduction by oxidants. pp. 21–48in Scandalios, J.G. (ed.) Oxidative stress and the molecular biology of antioxidant defenses. New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Google Scholar
Yang, F., Basu, T.K. and Ooraikul, B. (2001) Studies on germination conditions and antioxidant contents of wheat grain. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 52, 319–330.Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Zhang, L., Dong, F., Gao, J., Galbraith, D.W. and Song, C.P. (2001) Hydrogen peroxide is involved in abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba. Plant Physiology 126, 1438–1448CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed