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Three levels of simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) species from Argentina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2018

Guadalupe Galíndez ,
Diana Ceccato ,
Rosana Bubillo ,
Lucía Lindow-López ,
Gisela Malagrina ,
Pablo Ortega-Baes  and
Carol C. Baskin
Guadalupe Galíndez
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
Diana Ceccato
Affiliation:
Agencia de Extensión Rural San Julián Estación Experimental Santa Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (EEA Santa Cruz-INTA), Av. San Martín 1280, San Julián 9310, Santa Cruz, Argentina
Rosana Bubillo
Affiliation:
Estación Experimental Cerro Azul, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (EEA Cerro Azul-INTA), Ruta Nacional 14 Km 836, Cerro Azul 3313, Misiones, Argentina
Lucía Lindow-López
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
Gisela Malagrina
Affiliation:
Banco Base de Germoplasma, Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN-INTA, De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Pablo Ortega-Baes
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
Carol C. Baskin*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, and Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Carol C. Baskin, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

As a contribution to understanding the world biogeography of seed dormancy in the cosmopolitan genus Ilex, we studied seeds of I. argentina, I. brasiliensis, I. brevicuspis, I. dumosa, I. paraguariensis and I. theezans from the subtropical region of Argentina. We hypothesized that seeds of these species have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Effects of temperature, cold stratification and gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination and embryo growth were tested. Regardless of incubation temperature, little or no germination occurred for any species until ≥6 weeks. There was an up to 3-fold increase in embryo length to seed length (E:S) ratio before seeds germinated, and embryos grew only during warm-stratifying conditions. Seeds of I. brasiliensis, I. brevicuspis and I. theezans had non-deep simple MPD and germinated to ≥80% after 12, 24 and 16 weeks, respectively. Cold stratification increased germination of I. brasiliensis and I. brevicuspis, and GA3 increased the rate but not final germination percentage of I. brasiliensis and I. theezans. Fresh seeds of I. dumosa required 40 weeks of warm stratification to germinate to 53%, while those after-ripened for 2 months germinated to 81% after 30 weeks; this species has intermediate simple MPD. Seeds of I. argentina and I. paraguariensis germinated to 15 and 21%, respectively, after 40 weeks of warm stratification and did not after-ripen or respond to GA3; these seeds have deep simple MPD. This is the first report of intermediate and deep simple MPD that is broken by warm stratification, thereby increasing our knowledge of seed dormancy in Ilex and in subtropical regions.

Keywords

cold stratificationembryo lengthIlex speciesmorphophysiological dormancymove-along experimentseed length ratiounderdeveloped embryowarm stratification
Type
Research Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , June 2018 , pp. 131 - 139
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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