Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T17:52:15.744Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Survival of Zizania embryos in relation to water content, temperature and maturity status

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Christina W. Vertucci ,
Jennifer Crane ,
Raymond A. Porter  and
Ervin A. Oelke
Christina W. Vertucci*
Affiliation:
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Seed Storage Laboratory, 1111 S. Mason St., Fort Collins, CO 80521
Jennifer Crane
Affiliation:
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Seed Storage Laboratory, 1111 S. Mason St., Fort Collins, CO 80521
Raymond A. Porter
Affiliation:
North Central Experiment Station, University of Minnesota, 1861 Highway 169 East, Grand Rapids, MN 55744–3396
Ervin A. Oelke
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Borlaug Hall, 1991 Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
*
*Correspondence
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The interactions between water content and temperature on freezing and desiccation damage were examined for Zizania (wild rice) embryos at several stages of maturity. The water content of excised embryos was manipulated by flash drying at 35°C or room temperature to between 2.5 g H2O/g dw and 0.05 g/g. Embryos were then exposed to temperatures ranging from 5 to −50°C. Viability following the drying and cooling treatments was assayed by leakage of electrolytes and germination in culture. Viability of embryos decreased when embryos were dried below a critical water content. The critical water content was greatest for the least mature embryos. Critical water contents were also temperature dependent and increased with decreasing temperature. Even though the critical water content varied with developmental status and temperature, the water activity corresponding to the critical water content appeared to be constant at 0.90. The most mature embryos survived temperatures as low as −50°C while the least mature embryos survived only to −18°C. These trends were predicted by ‘phase diagrams’ based on the physical properties of water in embryos at different stages of maturity (Vertucci et al., 1994a). Our results confirm the earlier prediction that long term preservation of Zizania grains is possible at −20°C and the degree of success will be related to the maturity status of the embryos.

Keywords

Zizaniawild riceembryorecalcitrantdesiccation tolerancedesiccation damagefreezing damagegermplasmseed storagematurationcryopreservation
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , March 1995 , pp. 31 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Berjak, P., Pammenter, N.W. and Vertucci, C.W. (1992) Homoiohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: Developmental status, desiccation sensitivity and the state of water in axes of Landolphia kirkii Dyer. Planta 186, 249–261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berjak, P., Vertucci, C.W. and Pammenter, N.W. (1993) Desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds: Effects of developmental status and dehydration rate on characteristics of water and desiccation sensitivity in Camellia sinensis. Seed Science Research 3, 155–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berjak, P., Bradford, K.J., Kovach, D.A. and Pammenter, N.W. (1994) Differential effects of temperature on ultrastructural responses to dehydration in seeds of Zizania palustris. Seed Science Research 4, 111–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, J.H., Hoekstra, F.A. and Crowe, L.M. (1992) Anhydrobiosis. Annual Review of Physiology 54, 579–599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demir, I. and Ellis, R.H. (1992) Changes in seed quality during seed development and maturation in tomato. Seed Science Research 2, 81–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D. and Roberts, E.H. (1987) The development of desiccation tolerance and maximum seed quality during seed maturation in six grain legumes. Annals of Botany 59, 23–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D. and Roberts, E.H. (1990) An intermediate category of seed storage behaviour I. Coffee. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 1167–1174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D. and Roberts, E.H. (1991a) An intermediate category of seed storage behaviour? Journal of Experimental Botany 42, 653–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D. and Roberts, E.H. (1991b) Effect of storage temperature and moisture on the germination of papaya seeds. Seed Science Research 1, 69–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finch-Savage, W.E. (1992). Seed development in the recalcitrant species Quercus robur L.: germinability and desiccation tolerance. Seed Science Research 2, 17–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, P.M., Stucker, R.E. and Wandrey, G.G. (1989) The domestication of American wildrice (Zizania palustris, Poaceae). Economic Botany 43, 203–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoekstra, F.A., Crowe, J.H. and Crowe, L.M. (1989) Membrane behavior in drought and its physiological significance. pp 71–88in Taylorson, R.B. (Ed.) Recent advances in the development and germination of seeds. New York, Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoekstra, F.A., Crowe, J.H. and Crowe, L.M. (1992) Germination and ion leakage are linked with phase transitions of membrane lipids during imbibition of Typha latifolia pollen. Physiologia Plantarum 84, 29–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, T.D. and Ellis, R.H. (1992) Development of desiccation tolerance in Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seeds during maturation drying. Seed Science Research 2, 169–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IBPGR. (1985) International Board for Plant Genetic Resources Advisory Committee on Seed Storage Report on the Third Meeting. Rome.Google Scholar
Kermode, A.R. 1990. Regulatory mechanisms involved in the transition from seed development to germination. Critical Reviews in Plant Science 9, 155–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koster, K.L. (1991) Glass formation and desiccation tolerance in seeds. Plant Physiology 96, 302–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovach, D.A. and Bradford, K.J. (1992) Imbibitional damage and desiccation tolerance of wild rice (Zizania palustris) seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany 43, 747–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leopold, A.C. and Vertucci, C.W. (1989) Moisture as a regulator of physiological reaction in seeds. pp 51–67in Stanwood, P.C. and McDonald, M.B. (Eds) Seed moisture. Crop Science Society of American Special Publication No 14. Madison, WI.Google Scholar
Murashige, T. and Skoog, E. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum 15, 473–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pammenter, N.W., Vertucci, C.W. and Berjak, P. (1991) Homeohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: dehydration, the state of water and viability characteristics in Landolphia kirkii. Plant Physiology 96, 1093–1098.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pammenter, N.W., Vertucci, C.W. and Berjak, P. (1993) Responses to dehydration in relation to non-freezable water in desiccation-sensitive and -tolerant seeds. pp 867–872in Côme, D. and Corbineau, F. (Eds) Fourth International Workshop on Seeds, Angers, France.Google Scholar
Pritchard, H.W. (1991) Water potential and embryonic axis viability in recalcitrant seeds of Quercus rubra. Annals of Botany 67, 43–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchard, H.W. and Manger, K.R. (1992) Relations between the calorimetrically-determined state of water in the axis and cotyledons of Quercus robur fruits and intolerance to desiccation. Fourth International Workshop on Seeds. Abstract p. 72.Google Scholar
Probert, R.J. and Brierley, E.R. (1989) Desiccation intolerance in seeds of Zizania palustris is not related to developmental age or the duration of post-harvest storage. Annals of Botany 64, 669–674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Probert, R.J. and Longley, P.L. (1989) Recalcitrant seed storage physiology in three aquatic grasses (Zizania palustris, Spartina anglica, and Portersia coarctata). Annals of Botany. 63, 53–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, E.H. and Ellis, R.H. (1989) Water and seed survival. Annals of Botany 63, 39–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Still, D.W., Kovach, D.A. and Bradford, K.J. (1994) Development of desiccation tolerance during embryogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa) and wild rice (Zizania palustris). Dehydrin expression, abscisic acid content, and sucrose accumulation. Plant Physiology 104, 431–438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sun, W.Q. and Leopold, A.C. (1993) Acquisition of desiccation tolerance in soybeans. Physiologia Plantarum 87, 403–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, W.Q., Irving, T.C. and Leopold, A.C. (1994) The role of sugar, vitrification and membrane phase transition in seed desiccation tolerance. Physiologia Plantarum 90, 621–628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tompsett, P.B. and Pritchard, H.W. (1993) Water status changes during development in relation to the germination and desiccation tolerance of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds. Annals of Botany 71, 107–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vertucci, C.W. (1989). Relationship between thermal transitions and freezing injury in pea and soybean seeds. Plant Physiology. 90, 1121–1128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vertucci, C.W. (1994) Predicting the optimum storage conditions for seeds using thermodynamic principles. Journal of Seed Technology (in press).Google Scholar
Vertucci, C.W. and Farrant, J.M. (1994) Acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance. pp 237–271in Negbi, M. and Kigel, J. (Eds). Seed development and germination. New York, Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Vertucci, C.W. and Roos, E.E. (1990) Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage. Plant Physiology 94, 1019–1023.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vertucci, C.W. and Roos, E.E. (1993) Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage. II. The influence of temperature on optimal moisture levels. Seed Science Research 3, 201–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vertucci, C.W., Berjak, P., Pammenter, N.W. and Crane, J. (1991) Cryopreservation of embryonic axes of an homeohydrous (recalcitrant) seed in relation to calorimetric properties of tissue water. Cryo-Letters. 12, 339–350.Google Scholar
Vertucci, C.W., Crane, J., Porter, R.A. and Oelke, E.A. (1994a) Physical properties of water in Zizania embryos in relation to maturity status, water content and temperature. Seed Science Research 4, 211–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vertucci, C.W., Roos, E.E. and Crane, J. (1994b) Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage III. Optimum water contents for pea seeds stored at different temperatures. Annals of Botany 74, 531–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, M.S., Hui, S.W. and Steponkus, P.L. (1993) Dehydration-induced lamellar to hexagonal II phase transitions in DOPE/DOPC mixtures. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1145, 93–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wesley-Smith, J., Vertucci, C.W., Berjak, P., Pammenter, N.W. and Crane, J. (1992) Cryopreservation of desiccation-sensitive axes of Camellia sinensis in relation to dehydration, freezing rate and the thermal properties of tissue water. Journal of Plant Physiology 140, 596–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar