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Regulation of seed dormancy and germination by nitrate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 June 2018

Lisza Duermeyer ,
Ehsan Khodapanahi ,
Dawei Yan ,
Anne Krapp ,
Steven J. Rothstein  and
Eiji Nambara
Lisza Duermeyer
Affiliation:
Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2
Ehsan Khodapanahi
Affiliation:
Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2
Dawei Yan
Affiliation:
Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Anne Krapp
Affiliation:
Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
Steven J. Rothstein
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
Eiji Nambara*
Affiliation:
Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2
*
Author for correspondence: Eiji Nambara, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Nitrate promotes seed germination at low concentrations in many plant species, and functions as both a nutrient and a signal. As a nutrient, it is assimilated via nitrite to ammonium, which is then incorporated into amino acids. Nitrate reductase (NR) catalyses the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, the committed step in the assimilation. Seed sensitivity to nitrate is affected by other environmental factors, such as light and after-ripening, and by genotypes. Mode of nitrate action in seed germination has been well documented in Arabidopsis thaliana and the hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale. In these species nitrate promotes seed germination independent of its assimilation by NR, suggesting that it acts as a signal to stimulate germination. In Arabidopsis, maternally applied nitrate affects the degree of primary dormancy in both wild-type and mutants defective in NR. This indicates that nitrate acts not only during germination, but also during seed development to negatively regulate primary dormancy. Functional genomics studies in Arabidopsis have revealed that nitrate elicits downstream events similar to other germination stimulators, such as after-ripening, light and stratification, suggesting that these distinct environmental signals share the same target(s). In Arabidopsis, the NIN-like protein 8 (NLP8) transcription factor, which acts downstream of nitrate signalling, induces nitrate-dependent gene expression. In particular, a gene encoding the abscisic acid (ABA) catabolic enzyme CYP707A2 is directly regulated by NLP8. This regulation triggers a nitrate-induced ABA decrease that permits seed germination. This review article summarizes an update of our current understanding of the regulation of seed dormancy and germination by nitrate.

Keywords

dormancygerminationnitrateseed
Type
Review Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 28 , Special Issue 3: Seeds as Systems , September 2018 , pp. 150 - 157
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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