Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T04:51:56.092Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Investigation of variable storage conditions for cultivated northern wild rice and their effects on seed viability and dormancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Lillian McGilp ,
Jacques Duquette ,
Daniel Braaten ,
Jennifer Kimball Open the ORCID record for Jennifer Kimball [Opens in a new window]  and
Raymond Porter
Lillian McGilp
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
Jacques Duquette
Affiliation:
North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Grand Rapids, MN, USA
Daniel Braaten
Affiliation:
North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Grand Rapids, MN, USA
Jennifer Kimball*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
Raymond Porter
Affiliation:
Haupert Institute for Agricultural Studies, Huntington University, Huntington, IN, USA
*
Correspondence: Jennifer Kimball, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cultivated northern wild rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.) has been bred and studied since the 1950s. One challenge facing researchers is the lack of storage options, due to the seed's unorthodox behaviour. This study evaluated varying storage temperature and moisture conditions for the maintenance of seed viability and dormancy breaking in Minnesota-grown NWR. First, seeds were placed in non-submerged, freezing storage (NSFS) for 12–26 weeks, then in submerged, cold storage (SCS) for 2 weeks. The addition of SCS increased germination (%G) relative to NSFS alone (<0.1% NSFS, 15% NSFS and SCS), indicating that NSFS does not kill seeds but also does not break seed dormancy. Next, the required length of SCS was evaluated by placing seeds in NSFS for 12 weeks and then in SCS for 2–14 weeks. A longer SCS period increased %G from 3 to 79%, at 2 and 14 weeks of SCS, respectively. Lastly, seeds were placed in NSFS, followed by SCS, at varying intervals over a 29-week period. Across lines, germination increased from 20 to 76% between 4 and 7 weeks of SCS, respectively, then plateaued. The results of this study indicate that NSFS could be used to store NWR seeds, but at least 7 weeks in SCS is required to overcome dormancy. Additionally, while NSFS did not break seed dormancy, physiological changes related to stratification processes were occurring in non-submerged, freezing conditions. Results also suggest that the genotypic variation in NWR could be utilized for selection to improve germination and storage viability.

Keywords

dormancygerminationrecalcitranceseed storagestratificationwild riceZizania palustris
Type
Research Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 2020 , pp. 21 - 28
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Atkins, TA, Thomas, AG and Stewart, JM (1987) The germination of wild rice seed in response to diurnally fluctuating temperatures and after ripening period. Aquatic Botany 29, 245–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bai, X, Yang, L, Tian, M, Chen, J, Shi, J, Yang, Y and Hu, X (2011) Nitric oxide enhances desiccation tolerance of recalcitrant Antiaris toxicaria seeds via protein S-nitrosylation and carbonylation. PLoS ONE 6, e20714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bajaj, YPS (1995) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry 32: cryopreservation of plant germplasm I. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer. Imprint.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berjak, P and Pammenter, NW (2001) Seed recalcitrance-current perspectives. South African Journal of Botany 67, 79–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berjak, P and Pammenter, NW (2008) From Avicennia to Zizania: seed recalcitrance in perspective. Annals of Botany 101, 213–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardwell, VB, Oelke, EA and Elliott, WA (1978) Seed dormancy mechanisms in wild rice (Zizania aquatica). Agronomy 70, 481–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickie, JB and Pritchard, HW (2002) Systematic and evolutionary aspects of desiccation tolerance in seeds, pp. 239–260in Black, M; Pritchard, HW (Eds) Desiccation and survival in plants: drying without dying. Wallingford, CABI.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duvel, JWT (1906) The storage and germination of wild rice seed, pp. 5–14. Bulletin Number 90, U.S. Department of Agriculture.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggers, S, Erdey, D, Pammenter, NW and Berjak, P (2007) Storage and germination response of recalcitrant seeds subjected to mild dehydration, pp. 85–92in Adkins, SW; Ashmore, SE; Navie, SC (Eds)Seeds: biology, development and ecology. Wallingford, CABI.Google Scholar
Ellis, RH (1991) The longevity of seeds. HortScience 26, 1119–1125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrant, JM, Pammenter, NW and Berjak, P (1989) Germination-associated events and the desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds – a study on three unrelated species. Planta 178, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fyles, F (1920) Wild rice. Bulletin Number 24, Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Golmohammadzadeh, S, Zaefarian, F and Rezvani, M (2015) Effects of some chemical factors, pre-chilling treatments and interactions on the seed dormancy-breaking of two Papaver species. Weed Biology and Management 15, 11–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grombacher, AW, Porter, RA and Everett, LA (1997) Breeding wild rice. Plant Breeding Reviews 14, 237–265.Google Scholar
Hayes, PM, Stucker, RE and Wandrey, GG (1989) The domestication of American Wildrice (Zizania palustris, Poaceae). Economic Botany 43, 203–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilhorst, HWM (1995) A critical update on seed dormancy. I. Primary dormancy. Seed Science Research 5, 61–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennard, W, Phillips, R, Porter, R, Grombacher, A and Phillips, RL (1999) A comparative map of wild rice (Zizania palustris L. 2n=2x=30). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 99, 793–799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kermode, AR (2011) Challenges facing seed banks and agriculture in relation to seed quality, pp. 17–40in Seed dormancy: methods and protocols. New York, NY: Humana Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovach, DA and Bradford, KJ (1992a) Temperature dependence of viability and dormancy of Zizania palustris var. interior seeds stored at high moisture contents. Annals of Botany 69, 297–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovach, DA and Bradford, KJ (1992b) Imbibitional damage and desiccation tolerance of wild rice (Zizania palustris) seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany 43, 747–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X-Z, Song, M-L, Yao, X, Chai, Q, Simpson, WR, Li, C-J and Nan, Z-B (2017) The effect of seed-borne fungi and epichloë endophyte on seed germination and biomass of Elymus sibiricus. Frontiers in Microbiology 8, 2488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luzuriaga, AL, Escudero, A and Pérez-García, F (2006) Environmental maternal effects on seed morphology and germination in Sinapis arvensis (Cruciferae). Weed Research 46, 163–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendiburu, F (2019) Agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. R package version 1, 1–8.Google Scholar
Mortensen, LC, Rodríguez, D, Nicolás, G, Eriksen, EN and Nicolás, C (2004) Decline in a seed-specific abscisic acid-responsive glycine-rich protein (GRPF1) mRNA may reflect the release of seed dormancy in Fagus sylvatica during moist pre-chilling. Seed Science Research 14, 27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyle, JB and Krueger, P (1964) Wild rice in Minnesota. Special Publication Number 18, Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Game and Fish, Section of Resource Planning.Google Scholar
Nicolás, C, Rodríguez, D, Poulsen, F, Eriksen, EN and Nicolás, G (1997) The expression of an abscisic acid-responsive glycine-rich protein coincides with the level of seed dormancy in Fagus sylvatica. Plant and Cell Physiology 38, 1303–1310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oelke, EA and Porter, RA (2016) Wildrice, Zizania: overview, pp. 130–139in Wrigley, CW; Corke, H; Seetharaman, K; Faubion, J (Eds) Encyclopedia of Food Grains. Kidlington, Oxford, UK: Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oelke, EA and Standwood, PC (1988) Wild rice seed moisture content and viability, p. 146in Agronomy Abstracts. Madison, WI, American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Pammenter, NW and Berjak, P (1999) A review of recalcitrant seed physiology in relation to desiccation-tolerance mechanisms. Seed Science Research 9, 13–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pammenter, NW, Berjak, P and Herendeen, EPS (2014) Physiology of desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds and the implications for cryopreservation. International Journal of Plant Sciences 175, 21–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pence, V (1995) Cryopreservation of recalcitrant seeds, pp. 29–50in Bajaj, YPS (Ed.) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry 32: cryopreservation of plant germplasm I. Edition (March 9, 2013), New York City, USA: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penfield, S and MacGregor, DR (2016) Effects of environmental variation during seed production on seed dormancy and germination. Journal of Experimental Botany 68, 819–825.Google Scholar
Plyler, DB and Proseus, TE (1996) A comparison of the seed dormancy characteristics of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae). American Journal of Botany 83, 11–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, R (2019) Wildrice (Zizania L.) in North America: genetic resources, conservation, and use, pp. 83–97in Greene, SL; Williams, KA; Khoury, CK; Kantar, MB; Marek, LF (Eds) BT – North American crop wild relatives, volume 2: important species. Cham, Springer International Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
cPostma, FM and Ågren, J (2015) Maternal environment affects the genetic basis of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular Ecology 24, 785–797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Probert, RJ and Longley, PL (1989) Recalcitrant seed storage physiology in three aquatic grasses (Zizania palustris, Spartina anglica and Porteresia coarctata). Annals of Botany 63, 53–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, EH (1973) Predicting the Storage Life of Seed. Seed Science and Technology 1, 499–514.Google Scholar
Rstudio-team (2016) RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA URL http://www.rstudio.com/.Google Scholar
Simpson, GM (1966) A study of germination in the seed of wild rice (Zizania aquatica). Canadian Journal of Botany 44, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tweddle, JC, Dickie, JB, Baskin, CC and Baskin, JM (2003) Ecological aspects of seed desiccation sensitivity. Journal of Ecology 91, 294–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Umarani, R, Aadhavan, EK and Faisal, MM (2015) Understanding poor storage potential of recalcitrant seeds. Current Science 108, 2023–2034.Google Scholar
Venebles, WN and Ripley, BD (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S, Fourth edition. Springer, New York. ISBN 0-387-95457-0, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/MASS4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walters, C, Pammenter, NW, Berjak, P and Crane, J (2001) Desiccation damage, accelerated ageing and respiration in desiccation tolerant and sensitive seeds. Seed Science Research 11, 135–148.Google Scholar