Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T11:19:50.624Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of (±)-phaseic acid on developing embryos of barley (Hordeum vulgare, L. cv. Bonanza) cultured in vitro

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

R. D. Hill ,
D. Durnin ,
L. A. K. Nelson ,
G. D. Abrams ,
L. V. Gusta  and
S. R. Abrams
R. D. Hill*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
D. Durnin
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
L. A. K. Nelson
Affiliation:
Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N OW9, Canada
G. D. Abrams
Affiliation:
Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N OWO, Canada
L. V. Gusta
Affiliation:
Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N OWO, Canada
S. R. Abrams
Affiliation:
Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N OW9, Canada
*
* Correspondence
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effects of exogenous phaseic acid (PA) on germination and protein accumulation of cultured immature barley embryos were examined. Chemically synthesized PA was racemic, 87% pure and stable over the course of the experiment. Germination was observable in >90% of the untreated embryos after 3 days of incubation, whereas embryos treated with 10μm abscisic acid (ABA) or PA showed no evidence of germination. Buffer extracts from embryos treated with ABA or PA had similar protein profiles when examined by single and two-dimensional electrophoresis. The profiles differed significantly from those of embryos incubated in the absence of the two compounds. Concentrations of α-amylase inhibitor and barley-germ agglutinin (BGA) increased upon treatment of immature embryos with ABA or PA. This was due to de novo synthesis as there was increased incorporation of radioactivity from 35S-labelled amino acids into the proteins in treated embryos. Endogenous ABA content in PA-treated embryos was not significantly different from that in untreated embryos. An analogue of ABA, 2′, 3′-dihydroabscisic acid, which cannot be metabolized to phaseic acid, inhibited germination and caused increased synthesis of α-amylase inhibitor and germ agglutinin. ABA and PA may both be active in promoting responses associated with ABA in barley embryos, but the embryos are more sensitive to ABA.

Keywords

abscisic acidembryo germinationHordeum vulgare L.phaseic acidprotein synthesis
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , December 1992 , pp. 207 - 214
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, G.D., Abrams, S.R., Nelson, L.A.K. and Gusta, L.V. (1990) Total synthesis of (±)-phaseic acid. Tetrahedron 461,5543–5554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradford, M. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Briggs, D.E. (1961) A modification of the Sandstedt, Kneen and Blish assay for α-amylase. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 67, 427–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamberlain, J.P. (1979) Fluorographic detection of radioactivity in polyacrylamide gels with the water-soluble fluor, sodium salicylate. Analytical Biochemistry 98, 132–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chrispeels, M.J. and Varner, J.E. (1967) Gibberellic acid enhanced synthesis and release of amylase and ribonuclease by isolated barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiology 42, 398–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dashek, W.V., Singh, B.N. and Walton, D.C. (1979) Abscisic acid localization and metabolism in barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiology 64, 43–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, L.A., Lyon, J.L. and Addicott, F.T. (1972) Phaseic acid: occurrence in cotton fruit; acceleration of abscission. Planta 102, 294–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, R.W. (1979) Abscisic acid synthesis and metabolism in wheat ears. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 6, 99–108.Google Scholar
Lin, L.-S. and Ho, T.-H.D. (1986) Mode of action of abscisic acid in barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiology 82, 289–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F. and Sambrook, J. (1982) Molecularcloning, a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, New York.Google Scholar
Milborrow, B.V. (1969) Identification of metabolite ‘C’ from abscisic acid and a new structure for phaseic acid. Chemical Communications 966–967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, R.C. and Bowles, D.J. (1985) Appearance of wheat-germ agglutinin during maturation of field-grown wheat. Planta 165, 377–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, P.C., Maddock, S.E., Jones, M.G.K. and Bowles, D.J. (1985) Changes in the levels of wheat-and barley-germ agglutinin during embryogenesis in vivo, in vitro and during germination. Planta 166, 407–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nolan, R.C. and Ho, T.H.D. (1988) Hormonal regulation of α-amylase expression in barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiology 88, 588–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Farrell, P.H. (1975) High resolution two dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 250, 4007–4021.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oritani, T. and Yamashita, K. (1982) Synthesis and biological activity of (±)-2′, 3′-dihydroabscisic acid. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 46, 817–818.Google Scholar
Robertson, M. and Hill, R.D. (1989) Accumulation of an endogenous α-amylase inhibitor in barley during grain development. Journal of Cereal Science 9, 237–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, M., Walker-Simmons, M., Munro, D. and Hill, R.D. (1989) The induction of α-amylase inhibitor synthesis in barley embryos and young seedlings by ABA and dehydration stress. Plant Physiology 91, 415–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tripplett, B.A. and Quatrano, R.S. (1982) Timing, localization and control of wheat germ agglutinin synthesis in developing wheat embryos. Developmental Biology 91, 491–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uknes, S.J. and Ho, T.H.D. (1984) Mode of action of abscisic acid in barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiology 75, 1126–1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker-Simmons, M. (1987) ABA levels and sensitivity in developing wheat embryos of sprouting resistant and susceptible cultivars. Plant Physiology 84, 61–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker-Simmons, M., Reaney, M.J.T., Quarrie, S.A., Perata, P., Vernieri, P. and Abrams, S.R. (1991) Monoclonal antibody recognition of abscisic acid analogs. Plant Physiology 95, 46–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walton, D.C. (1980) Biochemistry and physiology of abscisic acid. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 31, 453–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, D.C. and Sondheimer, E. (1972) Metabolism of 2-14 C(±)-abscisic acid in excised bean axes. Plant Physiology 49, 285–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weselake, R.J., MacGregor, A.W. and Hill, R.D. (1983) An endogenous α-amylase inhibitor in barley kernels. Plant Physiology 72, 809–812.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zeevaart, J.A.D. and Creelman, R.A. (1988) Metabolism and physiology of abscisic acid. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 39, 439–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar