Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T17:18:14.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changes in the sensitivity of parasitic weed seeds to germination stimulants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Radoslava Matusova ,
Tom van Mourik  and
Harro J. Bouwmeester
Radoslava Matusova
Affiliation:
Plant Research International, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, PO Box 39A, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Tom van Mourik
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, Crop and Weed Ecology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, Wageningen, 6700 AK, The Netherlands
Harro J. Bouwmeester*
Affiliation:
Plant Research International, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
*
*Correspondence Fax: +31 317 418094, Email:, [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effects of preconditioning temperature and preconditioning period on the sensitivity of parasitic weed seeds to the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 were studied under laboratory and field conditions. The temperature during preconditioning of Orobanche cumana and Striga hermonthica seeds strongly affected the responsiveness of the seeds to the applied germination stimulant. Preconditioning at an optimal temperature (21°C for O. cumana and 30°C for S. hermonthica) rapidly released dormancy and increased the sensitivity to GR24 by several orders of magnitude. After reaching maximum sensitivity, prolonged preconditioning rapidly induced secondary dormancy, i.e. decreased sensitivity of O. cumana and S. hermonthica to GR24. The rapid change in sensitivity of preconditioned seeds to germination stimulants during prolonged preconditioning was particularly visible at low concentrations of GR24. GR24 at higher concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg l1) usually induced high germination of both species, regardless of the preconditioning period. The striking similarities between the response of parasitic weed seeds to GR24, described here, and results in the literature on non-parasitic wild plant seeds are discussed. Our results show that parasitic weed seeds are highly sensitive to the germination stimulant for a short period of time only, and then enter into secondary dormancy relatively quickly. The similar germination pattern of S. hermonthica seeds preconditioned for prolonged periods of time under laboratory and field conditions suggests that the mechanism observed is of ecological significance.

Keywords

GR24Orobancheparasitic weedspreconditioningseed dormancyStriga
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 14 , Issue 4 , December 2004 , pp. 335 - 344
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akhtouch, B., Munoz-Ruz, J., Melero-Vara, J., Fernandez-Martinez, J. and Dominguez, J. (2002) Inheritance of resistance to race F of broomrape in sunflower lines of different origins. Plant Breeding 121, 266–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babiker, A.G.T., Ma, Y.Q., Sugimoto, Y. and Inanaga, S. (2000) Conditioning period, CO 2 and GR24 influence ethylene biosynthesis and germination of Striga hermonthica. Physiologia Plantarum 109, 75–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1998) Seeds. Ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bouwmeester, H.J., Matusova, R., Sun, Z.K. and Beale, M.H. (2003) Secondary metabolite signalling in host–parasitic plant interactions. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6, 358–364.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brady, S.M. and McCourt, P. (2003) Hormone cross-talk in seed dormancy. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 22, 25–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandler, P.M. and Robertson, M. (1999) Gibberellin dose–response curves and the characterization of dwarf mutants of barley. Plant Physiology 120, 623–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derkx, M.P.M. and Karssen, C.M. (1993a) Changing sensitivity to light and nitrate but not to gibberellins regulates seasonal dormancy patterns in Sisymbrium officinale seeds. Plant, Cell and Environment 16, 469–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derkx, M.P.M. and Karssen, C.M. (1993b) Effects of light and temperature on seed dormancy and gibberellin-stimulated germination in Arabidopsis thaliana – studies with gibberellin-deficient and gibberellin-insensitive mutants. Physiologia Plantarum 89, 360–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derkx, M.P.M. and Karssen, C.M. (1994) Are seasonal dormancy patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana r egulated by changes in seed sensitivity to light, nitrate and gibberellin?. Annals of Botany 73, 129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eizenberg, H., Plakhine, D., Hershenhorn, J., Kleifeld, Y. and Rubin, B. (2003) Resistance to broomrape ( Orobanche spp.) in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) is temperature dependent. Journal of Experimental Botany 54, 1305–1311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Firn, R.D. (1986) Growth substance sensitivity: The need for clearer ideas, precise terms and purposeful experiments. Physiologia Plantarum 67, 267–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauck, C., Muller, S. and Schildknecht, H. (1992) A germination stimulant for parasitic flowering plants from Sorghum bicolor, a genuine host plant. Journal of Plant Physiology 139, 474–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilhorst, H.W.M. (1993) New aspects of seed dormancy. 571–579. in Come, D.;, Corbineau, F. (Eds) Proceedings of the fourth international workshop on seeds: Basic and applied aspects of seed biology, Vol. 2, Paris ASFIS.Google Scholar
Hilhorst, H.W.M. and Karssen, C.M. (1988) Dual effect of light on the gibberellin- and nitrate-stimulated seed germination of Sisymbrium officinale and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology 86, 591–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilhorst, H.W.M., Smitt, A.I. and Karssen, C.M. (1986) Gibberellin-biosynthesis and -sensitivity mediated stimulation of seed germination of Sisymbrium officinale by red light and nitrate. Physiologia Plantarum 67, 285–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilhorst, H.W.M., Derkx, M.P.M. and Karssen, C.M. (1996) An integrating model for seed dormancy cycling: characterization of reversible sensitivity. pp. 341–360. in Lang, G.A. (Ed.) Plant dormancy: Physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Wallingford, CAB International.Google Scholar
Hsiao, A.I., Worsham, A.D. and Moreland, D.E. (1988) Effects of temperature and dl-strigol on seed conditioning and germination of witchweed ( Striga asiatica ). Annals of Botany 61, 65–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ish-Shalom-Gordon, N., Jacobsohn, R. and Cohen, Y. (1994) Seasonal fluctuation in sunflower's resistance to Orobanche cumana. 351–355. in Pieterse, A.H.;, Verkleij, J.A.C.;, ter Borg, S.J.Biology and management of Orobanche. Amsterdam, Royal Tropical Institute.Google Scholar
Joel, D.M. (2000) The long-term approach to parasitic weeds control: manipulation of specific developmental mechanisms of the parasite. Crop Protection 19, 753–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joel, D.M., Steffens, J.C. and Matthews, D.M. (1995) Germination of weedy root parasites. 567–597. in Kigel, J.;, Galili, G. (Eds.) Seed development and germination. New York, Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Kebreab, E. and Murdoch, A.J. (1999) A quantitative model for loss of primary dormancy and induction of secondary dormancy in imbibed seeds of Orobanche spp. Journal of Experimental Botany 50, 211–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logan, C.D. and Stewart, G.R. (1992) Germination of the seeds of parasitic angiosperms. Seed Science Research 2, 179–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Granados, F. and Garcia-Torres, L. (1999) Longevity of crenate broomrape ( Orobanche crenata ) seed under soil and laboratory conditions. Weed Science 47, 161–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovegrove, A., Barratt, D.H.P., Beale, M.H. and Hooley, R. (1998) Gibberellin-photoaffinity labelling of two polypeptides in plant plasma membranes. Plant Journal 15, 311–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayer, A.M. Bar and Nun, N. (1997) Germination of Orobanche seeds: Some aspects of metabolism during preconditioning. pp. 633–639. in Ellis, R.H.;, Black, M.;, Murdoch, A.J.;, Hong, T.D. (Eds) Basic and applied aspects of seed biology. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musselman, L.J. (1994) Taxonomy and spread of Orobanche. pp. 27–35. in Pieterse, A.H.;, Verkleij, J.A.C.;, ter Borg, S.J. (Eds) Biology and management of Orobanche. Amsterdam Royal Tropical InstituteGoogle Scholar
Parker, C. and Riches, C.R. (1993) Parasitic weeds of the world: Biology and control. Wallingford, CAB International.Google Scholar
Press, M.C., Scholes, J.D. and Riches, C.R. (2001) Current status and future prospects for management of parasitic weeds ( Striga and Orobanche ). pp.71–88. in Riches, C.R. (Ed.) The world's worst weeds. Farnham, UK, British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Reid, D.C. and Parker, C. (1979) Germination requirements of Striga species. 202–210. in Musselman, L.J.;, Worsham, A.D.;, Eplee, R.E. (Eds) Proceedings, second international symposium on parasitic weeds. Raleigh, North Carolina State University.Google Scholar
Reizelman Lucassen, A. (2003) Synthesis and function of germination stimulants for seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche spp. PhD thesis, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Siame, B.A., Weerasuriya, Y., Wood, K., Ejeta, G. and Butler, L.G. (1993) Isolation of strigol, a germination stimulant for Striga asiatica, from host plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 41, 1486–1491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steadman, K.J. (2004) Dormancy release during hydrated storage in Lolium rigidum seeds is dependent on temperature, light quality, and hydration status. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 929–937.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugimoto, Y., Ali, A.M., Yabuta, S., Kinoshita, H., Inanaga, S. and Itai, A. (2003) Germination strategy of Striga hermonthica involves regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. Physiologia Plantarum 119, 137–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukno, S., Fernandez-Martinez, J.M. and Melero-Vara, J.M. (2001) Temperature effect on the disease reactions of sunflower to infection by Orobanche cumana. Plant Disease 85, 553–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takeuchi, Y., Omigawa, Y., Ogasawara, M., Yoneyama, K., Konnai, M. and Worsham, A.D. (1995) Effects of brassinosteroids on conditioning and germination of clover broomrape ( Orobanche minor ) seeds. Plant Growth Regulation 16, 153–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Totterdell, S. and Roberts, E.H. (1979) Effects of low temperatures on the loss of innate dormancy and the development of induced dormancy in seeds of Rumex obtusifolius L. and Rumex crispus L. Plant, Cell and Environment 2, 131–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallance, K.B. (1950) Studies on the germination of the seeds of Striga hermonthica 1: The influence of moisture treatment, stimulant-dilution and after-ripening on germination. Annals of Botany 14, 347–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hezewijk, M.J., Van Beem, A.P., Verkleij, J.A.C. and Pieterse, A.H. (1993) Germination of Orobanche crenata seeds, as influenced by conditioning temperature and period. Canadian Journal of Botany 71, 786–792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hezewijk, M.J., Linke, K.H., López-Granados, F., Al-Menoufi, O.A., Garcia-Torres, L., Saxena, M.C., Verkleij, J.A.C. and Pieterse, A.H. (1994) Seasonal changes in germination response of buried seeds of Orobanche crenata Forsk. Weed Research 34, 369–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vleeshouwers, L.M., Bouwmeester, H.J. and Karssen, C.M. (1995) Redefining seed dormancy: an attempt to integrate physiology and ecology. Journal of Ecology 83, 1031–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weyers, J.D.B., Paterson, N.W. and A' Brook, R. (1987) Towards a quantitative definition of plant hormone sensitivity. Plant, Cell and Environment 10, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wigchert, S.C.M. and Zwanenburg, B. (1999) A critical account on the inception of Striga seed germination. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, 1320–1325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yokota, T., Sakai, H., Okuno, K., Yoneyama, K. and Takeuchi, Y. (1998) Alectrol and orobanchol, germination stimulants for Orobanche minor, from its host red clover. Phytochemistry 49, 1967–1973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar