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An alkaline α-galactosidase transcript is present in maize seeds and cultured embryo cells, and accumulates during stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Tian-Yong Zhao ,
J. Willis Corum III ,
Jeffrey Mullen ,
Robert B. Meeley ,
Timothy Helentjaris ,
David Martin  and
Bruce Downie
Tian-Yong Zhao
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA Department of Horticulture, Plant Science Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
J. Willis Corum III
Affiliation:
College of Medicine, Dean's Office, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0293, USA Department of Horticulture, Plant Science Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
Jeffrey Mullen
Affiliation:
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 7300 NW 62nd Ave Box 1004, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
Robert B. Meeley
Affiliation:
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 7300 NW 62nd Ave Box 1004, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
Timothy Helentjaris
Affiliation:
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 7300 NW 62nd Ave Box 1004, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
David Martin
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Plant Science Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
Bruce Downie*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Plant Science Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
*
*Correspondence: Fax: +1 859 257 7874 Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) accumulate in many developing seeds and are degraded during seed germination. However, acidic α-galactosidase (AGAL) activity and subcellular location do not correlate with raffinose depletion; alkaline α-galactosidases (AGA) may be responsible for RFO hydrolysis in germinating seeds. Three cDNA clones for AGA/SEED IMBIBITION PROTEIN were obtained from the Pioneer Hi-Bred maize expressed sequence database. Two of the clones were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins, when incubated with naturally occurring galactosides or p-nitrophenyl α-d-galactose, exhibited AGA activity with maximum catalysis at pH 7.5 (ZmAGA1) or pH 8.5 (ZmAGA3). No raffinose biosynthetic capacity was observed with either enzyme. Maximal α-galactosidase activity in mature dehydrated, germinating and germinated maize (Zea mays) seeds occurred at pH 7.5. ZmAGA1 was the sole family member detected in seeds and maize Hi-II, embryo-derived, callus cells. Its transcript accumulated when seed germination was interrupted by heat, cold or dehydration stress, but not in response to NaCl. Tissue prints localized transcripts to the scutellum or the embryo axis, depending on the stress applied. In maize Hi-II callus cells, transcripts accumulated when callus was subjected to heat stress (42 °C), during which ZmAGA1 transcript accumulation was further induced by sucrose. Galactosides in a variety of forms, including raffinose, partially repressed the sucrose-induced accumulation of transcript in heat-stressed callus.

Keywords

alkaline α-galactosidasegerminationmaizeraffnose family oligosaccharidesseed imbibition protein (SIP)
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , June 2006 , pp. 107 - 121
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

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