Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T12:49:21.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Brazilian political scientists and the Cold War: Soviet hearts, North-American minds (1966–1988)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2021

Lidiane Soares Rodrigues
Lidiane Soares Rodrigues*
Affiliation:
Federal University of São Carlos/Brazil E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Argument

The process of institutionalization of Political Science in Brazil was conditioned by the country’s position in the geopolitical scenario proper to the Cold War, strongly affected by the influence of the USA and, later on, by the military dictatorship experienced between 1964 and 1985. The first Brazilian professionalized political scientists were, during their youth, anti-Stalinist revolutionary militants. They had been financed by the Ford Foundation (FF) to pursue their PhDs in the USA. In this paper, I argue that the north-American model of ideological war included governmental and non-governmental institutions. Among the latter, the FF played a crucial role because it had a lot of credibility in state bureaucracy and was able to captivate the potential copartners, who would benefit from its grant, even the anti-American ones. The FF was able to do so because it was keeping a distance from the bellicose image of the USA. In this way, because Brazilian youngsters were leftist, the FF was interested in financing their studies. And, because they belonged to the anti-Stalinist left, they were more open than the communists and wouldn’t oppose to exchange with the USA.

Keywords

Cold War Social SciencesBrazilian Political ScientistsAnticommunism
Type
Research Article
Information
Science in Context , Volume 33 , Issue 2: Power, Politics, and the Development of Political Science in the Americas , June 2020 , pp. 145 - 169
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almeida, Ana Maria, and Ana, Paula Hey. 2018. “Sociologia da educação: olhares sobre um campo em ascensão”. In Sociologia Brasileira hoje II, edited by Sergio Miceli and Carlos Benedito Martins, 253–309. São Paulo: Ateliê Editorial.Google Scholar
Arruda, Maria Arminda do Nascimento. 2001. “A modernidade possível: cientistas e ciências sociais em Minas Gerais”. In História das Ciências Sociais no Brasil, v. 1, edited by Miceli, Sergio, 277–368. São Paulo: Sumaré.Google Scholar
Avritzer, Leonardo. 2016. A ciência política no Brasil: 1960-2015. São Paulo: FGV.Google Scholar
Beigel, Fernanda. 2009. “La Flacso chilena y la regionalización de las ciencias sociales en América Latina (1957–1973)”. Revista Mexicana de sociologia 71:319–349.Google Scholar
Bloor, David. 1991. Knowledge and Social Imagery. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Boltanski, Luc. 1973. “L’espace positionnel: Multiplicité des positions institutionnelles et habitus de classe.” Revue Française de Sociologie 14:3–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bomeny, Helena. 2001. Newton Sucupira e os rumos da educação superior. Brasília: Paralelo 15/CAPES.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1971. « Genèse et structure du champ religieux ». Revue Française de Sociologie, XII:295–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Homo academicus. Paris: Minuit.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1989. La noblesse d’État: Grandes écoles et esprit de corps. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2001. Science de la science et réflexivité. Paris: Raisons d’Agir.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2002. “Les conditions sociales de la circulation internationale des idées.” Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 145:3–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calandra, Benedetta. 2011. “La Ford Foundation y la guerra fría cultural en América Latina (1959-1973).” AMERICANÍA 1:8–25.Google Scholar
Camic, Charles, Gross, Neil, and Lamont, Michele. 2011. “Introduction: The Study of Social Knowledge Making.” In Social Knowledge in the Making, edited by Charles Camic, Neil Gross, Michele Lamont, 1–40. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canedo, Letícia. 2018. “The Ford Foundation and the Institutionalization of Political Science in Brazil.” In The Social and Human Sciences in Global Power Relations: Socio-Historical Studies of the Social and Human Sciences, edited by Heilbron, Johan, Sorá, Gustavo, Boncourt, Thibaud, 243–266. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique. 2012. Depoimento. FGV: 57 p. http://cpdoc.fgv.br/cientistassociais/historico (last accessed September 06, 2017).Google Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique. Letter to Florestan Fernandes. 26/04/1967. Santiago.Google Scholar
Charle, Christophe. 2004. “Introduction to Part II.” In Transnational Intellectual Networks, edited by Charle, Chirstophe, Schriewer, Jürgen, Wagner, Peter, 198–205. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Chaves, Wanderson. 2009. “Democracia e bem-estar social segundo a militância liberal-democrata.” OIKOS 8:224–246.Google Scholar
Dezalay, Yves, and Bryant, Garth. 2002. La mondialization des guerres de palais. Paris, Seuil.Google Scholar
Fernandes, Florestan. 1989. A constituição inacabada. São Paulo: Liberdade.Google Scholar
Figueiredo, Marcos. 1988. “O financiamento das Ciências Sociais – 1966-1985”. Boletim de informação bibliográfica 26:38–55.Google Scholar
Forjaz, Maria Cecília Spina. 1989. “Cientistas e militares no desenvolvimento do CNPq.” Boletim de informação bibliográfica 28:71–99.Google Scholar
Forjaz, Maria Cecília Spina. 1997. “A emergência da Ciência Política no Brasil: aspectos institucionais”. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 12:27–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcé, Adolfo, and Cecilia, Rocha Carpiuc. 2015. “La ciencia política en Uruguay: Entre la profesionalización, la partidización y el fantasma del Movimiento Perestroika.” Revista de Ciencia Política 35:121–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, Afrânio Jr.. 2004. “A dependência da política.” Tempo social 16:286–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingras, Yves. 2002. “Les formes spécifiques de l’internationalité du champ scientifique.” Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 141:31–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gremion, Pierre. 1998. “The Partnership between the Ford Foundation and the Congress for Cultural Freedom in Europe.” In The Ford Foundation and Europe (1950’s-1970’s), edited by Gemelli, Giuliana, 128–152. Brussels: European Interuniversity Press.Google Scholar
Guilhot, Nicolas. 2005. The Democracy Makers: Human Rights and the Politics of Global Order. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heilbron, Johan. 2002. “Echanges culturels transnationaux et mondialisation: Quelques réflexions”. Regards sociologiques 22:141–154.Google Scholar
Heilbron, Johan. 2014. “The Social Sciences as an Emerging Global Field.” Current Sociology 5:685–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, Jacquelyn Marie. 2013. From Modernization and Development to Neoliberal Democracy: A History of the Ford Foundation in Latin America (1959-2000). Bates College: Honors Thesis.Google Scholar
Iber, Patrick. 2015. Neither Peace nor Freedom: The Cultural Cold war in Latin America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joignant, Alfedo. 2005. “La politique des ‘transitologues’: Luttes politiques, enjeux théorique et disputes intellectuelles au cours de la transition chilienne à la démocratie.” In Politique et sociétés 24:2–3.Google Scholar
Keinert, Fabio. 2011. Cientistas sociais entre ciência e política. PhD Thesis. FFLCH-USP.Google Scholar
Lamounier, Bolívar. 2013. Depoimento. FGV: 66 pp. http://cpdoc.fgv.br/cientistassociais/historico (last accessed September 06, 2017).Google Scholar
Lamounier, Bolívar, and Fernando, Henrique Cardoso. 1978. Os partidos e as eleições no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra.Google Scholar
Lebaron, Frédéric. 2016. “Les élites européennes comme champ(s)”. Cultures & Conflits 102:121–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemos, Renato. 2014. “A conexão Harvard e a política de descompressão.” Tempos Históricos 18:559–590.Google Scholar
Loureiro, Maria Rita. 1997. Os economistas no governo. Rio de Janeiro: FGV.Google Scholar
Magat, Richard. 1979. The Ford Foundation at Work: Philanthropic Choices, Methods, and Styles. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martins, Carlos Estevam. 1978. “O balanço da campanha”. In Os partidos e as eleições no Brasil, edited by Lamounier, Bolivar and Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, 68–85. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra.Google Scholar
Merton, Robert. 1973. The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Martins, Carlos Benedito. 2018. “As origens da pós-graduação nacional (1960-1980)”. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 6: 9–26.Google Scholar
Miceli, Sergio. 1993. “A aposta numa comunidade científica emergente.” In A Fundação Ford no Brasil, edited by Miceli, Sergio, 33–98. São Paulo: Sumaré.Google Scholar
Miceli, Sergio. 1990. A desilusão americana. São Paulo: Sumaré/Idesp.Google Scholar
Miceli, Sergio. 1995. “O cenário institucional das Ciências Sociais no Brasil.” In História das Ciências Sociais no Brasil, vol. 2, edited by Miceli, Sergio, 7–24. São Paulo: Sumaré.Google Scholar
McCarthy, Kathleen. 1987. “From Cold War to Cultural Development: The International Cultural Activities of the Ford Foundation, 1950-1980.” Daedalus 1: 93–117.Google Scholar
Patrus, Roberto, Belintani Shigaki, Helena, and Cabral Dantas, Douglas. 2018. “Quem não conhece seu passado está condenado a repeti-lo: Distorções da avaliação da pós-graduação no Brasil à luz da história da Capes”. Cadernos EBAPE.BR 16:642–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollack, Michael. 1979. “Paul F. Lazarsfeld, fondateur d’une multinationale scientifique.” Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 25:45–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravecca, Paulo. 2016. “The Comparative Politics of Political Science: Chile and Uruguay in Authoritarian Times.” Revista Andina de Estudios Políticos 6:4–17.Google Scholar
Reis, Fábio Wanderley. 1978. Os partidos e o regime: A lógica do processo eleitoral brasileiro. Minas Gerais: Símbolo.Google Scholar
Reis, Fábio Wanderley. 2010. Mercado e utopia. Rio de Janeiro: Centro Edelstein de Pesquisas Sociais.Google Scholar
Reis, Fábio Wanderley. 1966. “A propósito de ciência e dialética.” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 4:299–309.Google Scholar
Reis, Fábio Wanderley. 2010. “Entrevista.” Revista Três Pontos 2:129–135.Google Scholar
Ridenti, Marcelo. 2008. A constituição de 1988 na vida brasileira. São Paulo: Hucitec.Google Scholar
Ridenti, Marcelo. 1993. O fantasma da revolução brasileira. São Paulo, UNESP.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Leoncio Martins. 1981. “O PCB: os dirigentes e a organização.” In O Brasil republicano, vol. 10, edited by Fausto, Boris, 364–443. São Paulo: Difel. Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares. 2011. A produção social do marxismo universitário em São Paulo (1958-1978). Thesis PhD. FFLCH-USP.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares. 2016. “Leitores e leituras acadêmicas de Karl Marx (São Paulo, 1958-1964)”. Intelligere, 2:1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares. 2017. “Rivalidades científicas e metropolitanas: São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, Sociologia e Ciência Política”. Urbana: Urban Affairs and Public Policy XVIII: 71–95.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares. 2018. “Los marxistas brasileños: Oposición e interdependencia de un espacio (1958-2004).” Políticas de la memoria 17: 277–312.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares. 2019. “Poder, sexo e línguas no marxismo à brasileira”. REPOCS 16: 131–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares, and Ana, Paula Hey. 2017. “Elites Acadêmicas: As Ciências Sociais na Academia Brasileira de Ciências.” Tempo social 29:9–33.Google Scholar
Santos, Wanderley Guilherme. 2011. Depoimento. FGV: 36p. http://cpdoc.fgv.br/cientistassociais/historico (last accessed September 06, 2017).Google Scholar
Santos, Wanderley Guilherme. 1986. Sessenta e quatro: Anatomia da crise. São Paulo: Vértice.Google Scholar
Santos, Wanderley Guilherme. 1978. Poder e política: Crônica do autoritarismo brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Forense-Universitária.Google Scholar
Santos, Wanderley Guilherme. 1980. “A Ciência Política na América Latina.” Dados 23:35–57.Google Scholar
Santos, Wanderley Guilherme. 2004. “Ciências Sociais e trajetória intelectual: Entrevista.” Estudos de Sociologia 16:37–55.Google Scholar
Santos, Wanderley Guilherme. 1961. Quem dará o Golpe no Brasil? Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.Google Scholar
Santos, Wanderley Guilherme. 2010. “Entrevista.” Revista Três Pontos 62:129–135.Google Scholar
Sapiro, Gisèle. 2013. «Le champ est-il national?». In Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales 5:70–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartzman, Simon. Depoimento. 2010. FGV: 37 p. http://cpdoc.fgv.br/cientistassociais/historico (last accessed September 06, 2017).Google Scholar
Schwartzman, Simon. 1965. Letter to Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Copehhagen, 10/05/1965.Google Scholar
SENADO. 2014. “As eleições que abalaram a ditadura”. https://www12.senado.leg.br/jornal/edicoes/especiais/2014/11/19/jornal.pdf (last accessed February 06, 2015).Google Scholar
Thomas, Franklin. 1993. “O investimento da Fundação Ford nos recursos humanos e na capacidade de desenvolvimento a longo prazo.” A Fundação Ford no Brasil, edited by Miceli, Sergio, 15–25. São Paulo: Sumaré.Google Scholar
Trindade, Hélgio. 2013. “Presidente Lula sanciona criação da UNILA, 13/1/2010”. http://www.andifes.org.br/?p=1712 (last accessed July, 2014).Google Scholar
Xausa, Leonidas. 1986. A constituinte questionada. São Paulo: L&PM.Google Scholar