Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T02:13:29.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Why Did Most Cooperatives Fail? Spanish Agricultural Cooperation in the Early Twentieth Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 2007

SAMUEL GARRIDO
SAMUEL GARRIDO*
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellón, Spain
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cooperatives began contributing to the modernisation of European agriculture in the late nineteenth century but the rate at which they developed varied according to countries, regions, and crops. In Spain a large number were set up before the 1936−9 Civil War but few actually became consolidated entities. This paper analyses the Spanish case in an attempt to find the keys to the success or failure of cooperation. It focuses especially on the role played by the state and on the attitude shown by the different segments of farmers towards cooperatives.

Type
Research Article
Information
Rural History , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , October 2007 , pp. 183 - 200
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, A. R. H. 1999. Fraternity among the French Peasantry (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Barral, P. 1968. Les Agrariens français de Méline à Pisani (Paris).Google Scholar
Bieleman, J. 2001. ‘La Historia Agraria en los Países Bajos’, Historia Agraria, 25, 235–48.Google Scholar
Caballer, V. 1982. ‘El comportamiento empresarial del agricultor en la dinámica de formación de cooperativas’, Agricultura y Sociedad, 23, 193–216.Google Scholar
Cabo, A. 1999. ‘A integración política do pequeño campesinado’, (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Santiago de Compostela).Google Scholar
Calatayud, S. and Millán, J. 1994. ‘Un capitalisme agrari amb rendistes i camperols’, Estudis d'Història Agrària, 10, 27–56.Google Scholar
Castillo, J. J. 1979. Propietarios muy pobres (Madrid).Google Scholar
Carasa, P. 1991. ‘El crédito agrario en España durante la Restauración’, in Yun, B. (ed), Estudios sobre capitalismo agrario (Salamanca) pp. 289–343.Google Scholar
Cleary, M. C. 1989. Peasants, Politicians and Producers (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuenca, J. M. 2003. Catolicismo social y político en la España contemporánea (Madrid).Google Scholar
Dirección General de Agricultura. 1917 and 1918. Memoria descriptivo estadística (Madrid).Google Scholar
Dirección General de Agricultura. 1934. Censo estadístico de sindicatos agrícolas (Madrid).Google Scholar
Dovring, F. 1965. Land and Labor in Europe, 1900–1950 (The Hague).Google Scholar
Fernández-Prieto, L. 1998 ‘La política agraria del Estado español contemporáneo’, Historia Contemporánea, 17, 237–86.Google Scholar
Fonseca, C. 1985. ‘L'outillage et l'encadrement technico-scientifique dans l'agriculture portugaise’, in Les Campagnes portugaises de 1870 a 1930 (Paris).Google Scholar
Galassi, F. L. and Cohen, J. S. 1994. ‘The Economics of Tenancy in Early Twentieth-Century Southern Italy’, Economic History Review, 3, 585–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrabou, R. 1993. ‘Políticas agrarias y desarrollo de la agricultura’, Papeles de Economía Española, 73, 141–8.Google Scholar
Garrido, S. 1994. ‘Alentar y obstruir. Las vacilaciones de la políticia estatal sobre cooperativismo en los inicios del siglo XX’, Noticiario de Historia Agraria, 7, 131–54.Google Scholar
Garrido, S. 1996. Treballar en comú. El cooperativisme agrari a Espanya (Valencia).Google Scholar
Garrido, S. 2000. ‘El conreu del taronger a la Plana de Castelló: agricultura comercial, propietat pagesa i treball assalariat (1850–1930)’, Estudis d'Història Agrària, 13, 201–27.Google Scholar
Gavaldà, A. 1988. L'associacionisme agrari a Catalunya (Valls).Google Scholar
Goussios, D. and Zacopoulou, E. 1992. ‘La Grèce. Un syndicalisme sous le patronage du politique’. in Hervieu, B. (ed), Les syndicats agricoles en Europe (Paris) pp. 115–39.Google Scholar
Guinnane, T. W. 1994. ‘A Failed Institutional Transplant: Raiffeisen's Credit Cooperatives in Ireland, 1894–1914’, Explorations in Economic History, 31, 38–61.Google Scholar
Henriksen, I. 1999. ‘Avoiding Lock-in: Cooperative Creameries in Denmark, 1882–1903’, European Review of Economic History, 3, 57–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, E. and Libecap, G. D. 1991. ‘Institutional Choice and the Development of U.S. Agricultural Policies in the 1920s’, Journal of Economic History, 51:2, 397–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubscher, R. 2000. ‘Syndicalisme agricole et politisation paysanne’, in La politisation des campagnes au XIXe siècle (Rome) 135–52.Google Scholar
Hubscher, R. and Lagrave, R.-M. 1993. ‘Unité et pluralisme dans le syndicalisme agricole français: un faux débat’, Annales, 48: 1, 110–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez-Blanco, J. I. 1986. ‘Introducción’, in Historia agraria de la España contemporánea (Barcelona) 2, 9–141.Google Scholar
Knibbe, M. 1993. Agriculture in the Netherlands, 1851–1950 (Amsterdam).Google Scholar
Koning, N. 1994. The Failure of Agrarian Capitalism (London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majuelo, E. and Pascual, A. 1991. Del cooperativismo agrario al cooperativismo empresarial (Madrid).Google Scholar
Malefakis, E. 1982. Reforma agraria y revolución campesina en la España del siglo XX (Barcelona).Google Scholar
Martínez, M. 1982. Tierra de Campos (Valladolid).Google Scholar
Martínez-Alier, J. 1968. La estabilidad del latifundismo (Paris).Google Scholar
Mayaud, J.-L. 1999. La petite exploitation rurale triomphante (Paris).Google Scholar
Mayayo, A. 1994. ‘La via revolucionària del cooperativisme’ in El primer celler cooperatiu de Catalunya (Barcelona) pp. 131–72.Google Scholar
Ministerio de Fomento. 1912. Memoria relativa a los servicios de la Dirección General de Agricultura (Madrid).Google Scholar
Molle, L. V. 1990. Chacun pour tous. Le Boerenbond Belge, 1890–1990 (Louvain).Google Scholar
Montojo, J. 1945. La política española sobre trigos y harinas, 1900–1945 (Madrid).Google Scholar
Moulin, A. 1988. Les paysans dans la societé française (Paris).Google Scholar
Muñiz, L. 1923, 1924 and 1927. La acción social agraria y memoria estadística (Madrid).Google Scholar
Pan-Montojo, J. 1994. La bodega del mundo (Madrid).Google Scholar
Piva, F. 1981. ‘Movimento cattolico e questione agraria’, in Dizionario storico del movimiento cattolico in Italia (Torino).Google Scholar
Planas, J. 1994. Catalanisme i agrarisme (Vic).Google Scholar
Planas, J. 1998. ‘Les Cambres Agrícoles’, Estudis d'Història Agrària, 12, 109–27.Google Scholar
Pomés, J. 2000a. La Unió de Rabassaires (Barcelona).Google Scholar
Pomés, J. 2000b. ‘Sindicalismo rural republicano en España’, Ayer, 39, 103–33.Google Scholar
Pujol, J. 1998. ‘La difusión de los abonos químicos hasta 1936’ Historia Agraria, 15, 143–82.Google Scholar
Puyal, V. 1949. ‘La cooperación en el momento actual’, in La obra cooperativa agraria (Madrid) 17–53.Google Scholar
Ramon, J. M. 1999. El sindicalisme agrari a la Segarra (Lérida).Google Scholar
Reinaudo, Y. 1980. ‘Syndicalisme agricole de base: l'exemple du Var’, Le Mouvement Social (1980) pp. 79–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riquer, B. 1999. ‘Consideraciones sobre la historiografía política de la Restauración’, in Tuñón de Lara y la historiografía española (Madrid) pp. 123–41.Google Scholar
Rivas, F. 1902. Cajas Rurales (Alicante).Google Scholar
Rosa, G. 1988. Il movimento cattolico in Italia (Bari).Google Scholar
Sabio, A. 1996. Los mercados informales de crédito y tierra en una comunidad rural aragonesa (Madrid).Google Scholar
Santesmases, J. 1996. El cooperativisme agrari a Vila-rodona (Vila-rodona).Google Scholar
Sanz, G. 1999. ‘Organizaciones y movilizaciones de propietarios agrarios en Aragón’, (unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University of Zaragoza).Google Scholar
Sapelli, G. (ed). 1981. Il movimento cooperativo in Italia (Torino).Google Scholar
Saumell, A. 2002. Viticultura i associacionisme a Catalunya (Tarragona).Google Scholar
Simpson, J. 1996. ‘Cultivo del trigo y cambio técnico en España, 1900–1936’, Historia Agraria, 11, 39–56.Google Scholar
Simpson, J. 2000. ‘Cooperation and Cooperatives in Southern European Wine Production’, Advances in Agricultural Economic History, 1, 95–126.Google Scholar
Solberg, C. E. 1987. The Prairies and the Pampas. Agrarian Policy in Canada and Argentina, 1880–1930 (Stanford).Google Scholar
Wils, L. 1986. ‘L'organisation politique et la représentation des intérêts des agriculters en Belgique’, in Villani, P. (ed), Trasformazione delle società rurali nei paesi dell'Europa occidentale e mediterranea (Naples).Google Scholar
Zanden, J. L. V. 1991. ‘The First Green Revolution: The Growth of Production and Productivity in European Agriculture, 1870–1914’, Economic History Review, 44, 215–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar