Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T15:04:13.792Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2010

Extract

If the Trade Descriptions Act were applied to academic labels, cognitive scientists would be in trouble. For what they do is much wider than the name suggests—and wider, too, than most philosophers assume. They give you more for your money than you may have expected.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Philosophy and the contributors 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Haugeland, J., Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985).Google Scholar

2 For example, Simon, H. A., ‘Motivational and Emotional Controls of Cognition’, Psychological Review, 74 (1967), 2939CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; Reitman, W. R., Cognition and Thought: An Information-Processing Approach (New York: Wiley, 1965).Google Scholar

3 For example, Damasio, A., Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain (New York: Putnam, 1994).Google Scholar

4 Tomkins, S. S. and Messick, S. (eds), Computer Simulation of Personality: Frontier of Psychological Research (New York: Wiley, 1963)Google Scholar; Boden, M. A., Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man, 2nd edn., enlarged (London: MIT Press, 1987), chaps. 2–4.Google Scholar

5 For example, Sloman, A., ‘Motives, Mechanisms, and Emotions’, Cognition and Emotion, 1 (1987), 217233CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Reprinted in M. A. Boden (ed.), The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp. 231–247; Sloman, A., ‘Architectural Requirements for Human-like Agents Both Natural and Artificial. (What sorts of machines can love?)’. In Dautenhahn, K. (ed.), Human Cognition and Social Agent Technology: Advances in Consciousness Research (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999), pp. 163195Google Scholar; Simon, H. A., ‘Bottleneck of Attention: Connecting Thought with Motivation’. In Spaulding, W. D. (ed.), Integrative Views of Motivation, Cognition, and Emotion (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), pp. 121.Google Scholar

6 Wright, I. P., Sloman, A. and Beaudoin, L. P., ‘Towards a Design-Based Analysis of Emotional Episodes’, Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, 3 (1996), 101137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

7 Wright, I. P., Emotional Agents. PhD thesis, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham (1997)Google Scholar. (Available at http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/); Wright, I. P. and Sloman, A., MINDER1: An Implementation of a Protoemotional Agent Architecture. Technical Report CSRP-97–1, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham (1997)Google Scholar. (Available from ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/tech-reports/1997/CSRP-97-01.ps.gz)

8 McCulloch, W. S. and Pitts, W. H., ‘A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity’, Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5 (1943), 115133CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Reprinted in Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 22–39.

9 Putnam, H., ‘Minds and Machines’. In Hook, S. (ed.), Dimensions of Mind: A Symposium (New York: New York University Press, 1960), pp. 148179Google Scholar. Reprinted in H. Putnam, Mind, Language, and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975), pp. 362–385; Putnam, H., ‘The Nature of Mental States’. First published as ‘Psychological Predicates’ in Capitan, W. H. and Merrill, D. (eds), Art, Mind, and Religion (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967), pp. 3748Google Scholar. Reprinted in Putnam, Mind, Language, and Reality, pp. 429–440.

10 Newell, A. and Simon, H. A., ‘Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry: Symbols and Search’, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 19 (1976), 113126CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Reprinted in Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 105–132; Newell, A., ‘Physical Symbol Systems’, Cognitive Science, 4 (1980), 135183CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

11 Newell, A. and Simon, H. A., Human Problem Solving (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1972).Google Scholar

12 Marr, D., Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information (San Francisco; Freeman, 1982).Google Scholar

13 Bechtel, W. and Mundale, J., ‘Multiple Realizability Revisited: Linking Cognitive and Neural States’, Philosophy of Science, 66 (1999), 175207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

14 Lettvin, J. Y., Maturana, H. R., McCulloch, W. S. and Pitts, W. H.. ‘What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain’, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 47, 1940–1959 (1959)Google Scholar. Reprinted in W. S. McCulloch, Embodiments of Mind (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1965), pp. 230–255; compare Selfridge, O. G., ‘Pandemonium: A Paradigm for Learning’. In Blake, D. V. and Uttley, A. M. (eds), Proceedings of the Symposium on Mechanisation of Thought Processes (London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1959), pp. 511529.Google Scholar

15 Fodor, J. A., The Modularity of Mind: An Essay in Faculty Psychology (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1983).Google Scholar

16 Newell and Simon, Human Problem Solving; Newell and Simon, ‘Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry’; Fodor, J. A., Psychological Explanation: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Psychology (New York: Random House, 1968)Google Scholar; Fodor, J. A., The Language of Thought (Hassocks, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1976)Google Scholar; Pylyshyn, Z. W., ‘Computation and Cognition: Issues in the Foundations of Cognitive Science’, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3 (1980), 111132CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Pylyshyn, Z. W., Computation and Cognition: Toward a Foundation for Cognitive Science (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1984).Google Scholar

17 Boden, M. A., Computer Models of Mind: Computational Approaches in Theoretical Psychology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 2744.Google Scholar

18 Clark, A., Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997).Google Scholar

19 Hinton, G. E., McClelland, J. L. and Rumelhart, D. E., ‘Distributed Representations’. In Rumelhart, D. E. & McClelland, J. E. (eds), Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, Vol. 1, Foundations (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), pp. 77109. Reprinted in Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 248–280.Google Scholar

20 Clark, A. and Grush, R., ‘Towards a Cognitive Robotics’, Adaptive Behavior, 7 (1999), 1516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

21 Clark, A. and Wheeler, M., ‘Genic Representation: Reconciling Content and Causal Complexity’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 50 (1999), 103135.Google Scholar

22 Hinton et al., ‘Distributed Representations’; Clark, A. J., Microcognition: Philosophy, Cognitive Science, and Parallel Distributed Processing (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989)Google Scholar; A. Cussins, ‘The Connectionist Construction of Concepts’. In Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 368–440.

23 Freyd, J. J., ‘Dynamic Mental Representations’, Psychological Review, 94 (1987), 427438CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; Miller, G. F. and Freyd, J. J., Dynamic Mental Representations of Animate Motion: The Interplay Among Evolutionary, Cognitive, and Behavioral Dynamics. Cognitive Science Research Paper CSRP–290 (Brighton: University of Sussex, 1993).Google Scholar

24 Boden, Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man, chaps. 8 & 9.

25 Hayes, P. J., ‘The Naive Physics Manifesto’. In Michie, D. (ed.), Expert Systems in the Micro-Electronic Age (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1979), pp. 242270Google Scholar. Reprinted in Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 171–205; Pylyshyn, Z. W. (ed.) The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1987).Google Scholar

26 Brooks, R. A., ‘Intelligence Without RepresentationArtificial Intelligence, 47 (1991), 139159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

27 Agre, P. E., The Dynamic Structure of Everyday Life. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT, 1988)Google Scholar; Agre, P. E., Computation and Human Experience (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; compare Suchman, L. A., Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987).Google Scholar

28 Dreyfus, H. L., ‘Why Computers Must Have Bodies in Order to be Intelligent’, Review of Metaphysics, 21 (1967), 1332Google Scholar; Dreyfus, H. L., What Computers Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason (New York: Harper & Row, 1972).Google Scholar

29 Vera, A. H. and Simon, H. A., ‘Situated Action: A Symbolic Interpretation’, Cognitive Science, 17 (1993), 748CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Kirsh, D., ‘Today the Earwig, Tomorrow Man?’, Artificial Intelligence, 47 (1991), 161184CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Reprinted in M. A. Boden, The Philosophy of Artificial Life (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 237–261.

30 Brooks, , ‘Intelligence Without Representation’, Artificial Intelligence, 47, 139159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

31 Beer, R. D., Intelligence as Adaptive Behavior: An Experiment in Computational Neuroethology (Boston: Academic Press, 1990)Google Scholar; Beer, R. D., ‘Computational and Dynamical Languages for Autonomous Agents’. In Port, R. F. & van Gelder, T. J. (eds), Mind as Motion: Explorations in the Dynamics of Cognition (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), pp. 121148.Google Scholar

32 Hendriks-Jansen, H., Catching Ourselves in the Act: Situated Activity, Interactive Emergence, Evolution, and Human Thought (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1996).Google Scholar

33 M. Wheeler, ‘From Robots to Rothko: The Bringing Forth of Worlds’. In Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Life, pp. 209–236; Wheeler, M., Reconstructing the Cognitive World: the Next Step (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, in press).Google Scholar

34 Fodor, J. A., ‘Methodological Solipsism Considered as a Research Strategy in Cognitive Psychology’, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3 (1980), 6372CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Reprinted in J. A. Fodor, Representations: Philosophical Essays on the Foundations of Cognitive Science (Brighton: Harvester Press, 1981), pp. 225–253.

35 Newell and Simon, Human Problem Solving.

36 Hollis, M., Models of Man: Philosophical Thoughts on Social Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).Google Scholar

37 Putnam, H., ‘The Meaning of “Meaning”’. In Gunderson, K. (ed.), Language, Mind, and Knowledge, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, VII (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1975)Google Scholar. Reprinted in Putnam, Mind, Language, and Reality, pp. 215–271; see p. 219.

38 Clark, Being There; Clark, A. and Chalmers, D. J., ‘The Extended Mind’, Analysis, 58 (1998), 719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

39 Hutchins, E., Cognition in the Wild (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995).Google Scholar

40 Turing, A. M., ‘On Computable Numbers with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem’, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 42 (1936), 230265Google Scholar. Reprinted in M. Davis (ed.), The Undecidable: Basic Papers on Undecidable Propositions, Unsolvable Problems, and Computable Functions (Hewlett, NY: Raven Press, 1965), pp. 116–153.

41 Putnam, ‘Minds and Machines’.

42 Fodor, ‘Methodological Solipsism Considered as a Research Strategy’.

43 Searle, J. R., ‘Minds, Brains, and Programs’, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3 (1980), 417424CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Reprinted in Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 67–88.

44 van Gelder, T. J., ‘What Might Cognition Be If Not Computation? Journal of Philosophy, 92 (1995), 345–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

45 R. L. Chrisley, ‘Transparent Computationalism’, In M. Scheutz (ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop ‘New Trends in Cognitive Science 1999: Computationalism—The Next Generation’. To appear in Conceptus Studien Sonderheft (in press).

46 Newell and Simon, ‘Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry’; Newell ‘Physical Symbol Systems’.

47 Smith, B. C., Reflection and Semantics in a Procedural Language. PhD dissertation and Technical Report LCS/TR-272 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT, 1982).Google Scholar

48 Smith, B. C., On the Origin of Objects (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1996).Google Scholar

49 Godfrey-Smith, P., ‘Spencer and Dewey on Life and Mind’. In Brooks, R. A. & Maes, P. (eds), Artificial Life IV (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994), pp. 8089Google Scholar. Reprinted in Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Life, pp. 314–331.

50 Millikan, R. G., Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1984).Google Scholar

51 Searle, ‘Minds, Brains, and Programs’.

52 Harvey, I. P., Husbands, P. and Cliff, D., ‘Seeing the Light: Artificial Evolution, Real Vision’. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J.-A. & Wilson, S. W. (eds), From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994) pp. 392401Google Scholar; Husbands, P., Harvey, I. and Cliff, D., ‘Circle in the Round: State Space Attractors for Evolved Sighted Robots’, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 15 (1995), 83106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

53 Langton, C. G., ‘Artificial Life’, In Langton, C. G. (ed.), Artificial Life: Proceedings of an Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (Redwood City, Calif.: Addison-Wesley, 1989)Google Scholar. Reprinted (revised) in Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Life, pp. 39–94; T. S. Ray, ‘An Approach to the Synthesis of Life’. In C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer & S. Rasmussen (eds), Artificial Life II (Redwood City, Calif.: Addison-Wesley, 1992) pp. 371–408. Reprinted in Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Life, pp. 111–145.

54 Maturana, H. R. and Varela, F. J., Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living (Boston: Reidel, 1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. (First published in Spanish, 1972.)

55 Boden, M. A., ‘Autopoiesis and Life’, Cognitive Science Quarterly, 1 (2000), 115143.Google Scholar

56 M. A. Bedau, ‘The Nature of Life’. In Boden, Philosophy of Artificial Life, pp. 332–357.

57 Boden, M. A., ‘Is Metabolism Necessary?’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 50:2 (1999), 231248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

58 See M. A. Boden, Cognitive Science in Context: A Historical Perspective. In preparation; to be published by Oxford University Press.

59 Dennett, D. C., Consciousness Explained (London: Allen Lane, 1991)Google Scholar. See also Dennett's chapter in this volume.

60 A. Sloman, ‘Architectural Requirements’. In Dautenhahn, Human Cognition and Social Agent Technology, pp. 163–195.

61 Boden, M. A., ‘Consciousness and Human Identity: An Interdisciplinary Perspective’. In Cornwell, J. (ed.), Consciousness and Human Identity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998) pp. 120.Google Scholar