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Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2009

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Introduction
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Royal Historical Society Camden Fifth Series , Volume 4 , December 1994 , pp. 1 - 31
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Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1994

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References

1 The first published was Vincent, John (ed), Disraeli, Derby and the Conservative Party. Journals and Memoirs of Edward Henry, Lord Stanley 1849–1869. Hassocks, Sussex: The Harvester Press, 1978Google Scholar. This was followed by a selection from Derby's diaries after he finally left office, The Later Derby Diaries. Home Rule, Liberal Unionism, and Aristocratic Life in Late Victorian England. Selected Passages edited by John Vincent, Professor of Modern History, University of Bristol. Printed and published by the author … 1981. (An unpublished selection by the same editor for the years 1878–85 exists in typescript.)

2 Speeches and Addresses of Edward Henry XVth Earl of Derby K.G. Selected and Edited by Sir T.H. Sanderson, KCB and E.S. Roscos. With a Prefatory Memoir by W.E.H. Lecky (2 vols, 1894).Google Scholar

3 Jones, W.D., Lord Derby and Victorian Conservatism (1956).Google Scholar

4 A Great Lady's Friendships. Letters to Mary, Marchioness of Salisbury, Countess of Derby, 1862–1890. With Introductions and Notes by The Lady Burghclere (Macmillan: London, 1933).Google Scholar

5 M. and B. vi 266 (diary for cabinet of 27 March 1878).

6 In that respect at least this text may add to the most exhaustive modern work on the Eastern Question, Millman, Richard, Britain and the Eastern Question 1875–1878 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979).Google Scholar

7 29 Jan., 10, 21, 22, 24 Feb. 1871; 24 Jan., 26 May, 17 June 1873.

8 26 May 1873.

9 Professor Linda Colley, then a Bristol student, first drew my attention to the early diaries at Liverpool, for which I am grateful: see Colley, L. and Vincent, J., ‘Disraeli in 1851; “Young Stanley” as Boswell’, Historical Studies, vol 15, no. 59 (10 1972), pp. 447–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

10 When, by coincidence, over 50 volumes of diaries by another Lancashire Conservative magnate were awaiting editing, at the request of the family: see Vincent, John (ed.) The Crawford Papers. The journals of David Lindsay, twenty-seventh Earl of Crawford and tenth Earl of Balcarres 1871–1940 during the years 1892 to 1940. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984.)Google Scholar

11 See Powell, John, Liberal by PrincipleGoogle Scholar London, The Historians' Press, forthcoming, for Kimberley.

12 See Later Diaries, 90–91.Google Scholar

13 Whibley, Charles, Lord John Manners and his Friends. William Blackwood and Sons: Edinburgh and London, 1925. 2 vols.Google Scholar

14 Johnson, Nancy E. (ed.) The Diary of Gathorne Hardy, later Lard Cranbrook, 1866–1892: Political Selections. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

15 The Cabinet Journal of Dudley Ryder, Viscount Sandon (later third Earl of Harrowby) 11 May–10 August 1878. Edited by Howard, Christopher and Gordon, Peter. Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. Special Supplement No. 10 (11 1974).Google Scholar

16 See ‘Cabinet Reports from Prime Ministers to the Crown 1868–1916’ (Harvester microform), reel 2. No full comparison of Derby's and Disraeli's version has been made, but whereas Derby reports virtually all meetings listed by Disraeli, a check on the microform index for 1874 suggests that Disraeli may have reported only about half the meetings mentioned by Derby. Disraeli tends to report cabinet decisions even if trivial, whereas Derby reports discussions even where indecisive. A full collation should produce results very different from either source on its own, with Derby's version probably omitting or being very cursory with minor items of business in which he was uninterested.

17 Speeches, xxxix.Google Scholar

18 31 Aug. 1871

19 17 July 1873

20 Derby offered £500 if there was a contest, and £100 if not (27 Jan., 3 Feb. 1874). Cross was staying at Knowsley, 19–24 Jan. 1874, on the eve of his promotion to the cabinet.

21 ‘Every conversation that I have with Cross raises my opinion of his judgement and good sense’ (7 10 1871).Google Scholar

22 See below, 1875 flyleaf.

23 1 Jan, 1874

24 19 Jan. 1874

25 21 July, 15 Aug., 25 Sep. 1871

26 1 Nov. 1869

27 16 Aug. 1872

28 2 Nov. 1869

29 5 Nov. 1869

30 12 Mar 1870

31 6 Nov. 1869

32 3 Nov. 1869

33 12 Aug. 1872

34 31 Dec. 1873

35 5 Feb. 1874

36 14 Sept. 1873

37 1 June 1872

38 Derby however retained a strong personal tie with Ireland through his cousin Augusta, Lady Dartrey (nééStanley), wife of the whig lord-lt, of Monaghan and a friend of Derby since he was eighteen. On her death in 1887, her husband returned to Derby ‘a vast bundle of letters written by me …’ (Later Diaries, 122).Google Scholar

39 24 June 1871

40 20 Nov. 1873

41 9 Mar. 1871

42 23 Sept. 1871

43 11, 15 Nov. 1871

44 H, 16 June 1870

45 H, 6 Feb. 1873

46 H, 16 June 1870

47 Later Diaries, 92–96.Google Scholar

48 3 Feb. 1870

49 1 Apr. 1873

50 24 Oct. 1870

51 1 Jan. 1871, 1 Jan. 1872. ‘He withdraws more & more & feels his unfitness to lead men’, Hardy noted (GH, 12 07 1876).Google Scholar

52 17 July 1873

53 10 Jan. 1870, 23 Apr. 1873; finally losing a son, to a wife from the middle classes (17 July 1873).

54 In 1881 it was a matter for remark that ‘no word ever reaches us of what goes on inside the cabinet’ (Derby, Lady to Halifax, , 4 02 1881, Hickleton MSS).Google Scholar

55 e.g. 12 Jan. 1873 (at Knowsley), 25 Jan. 1874 (in London).

56 Later Diaries, 23Google Scholar

57 14 Feb. 1870

58 Later Diaries, 84Google Scholar

59 He admired Mill, especially his On Liberty, ‘one of the wisest books of our time’; Mill, whom Stanley tried to appoint to the Indian Council, spoke admiringly of the diarist (Speeches, xvii).Google Scholar

60 20 July, 19 Nov. 1874

61 2 Dec. 1874

62 10 Feb. 1870

63 29 Mar. 1870

64 8 Nov. 1872

65 8, 11 Apr. 1873

66 20 Nov. 1871

67 19 Jan. 1872

68 20 Nov. 1871

69 27 Feb. 1870

70 Yet Lecky described him as ‘among the best-read men I have ever known. His private library was one of the finest in England …’ (Speeches, xlii.)Google Scholar

71 20–29 Feb. 1872; 14 Feb.–14 Mar. 1873 (missing the Irish Universities crisis); and 6–30 Nov. 1873. In addition, Derby was abroad 24 Mar.–10 Apr. 1876 in attendance upon the Queen at Baden, whence he returned via Paris where he spent a day on private visits.

72 24 Feb. 1873. The diarist was author of Six Weeks in South America (1850)Google Scholar, Claims and Resources of the West Indies (1850)Google Scholar, and Further Facts connected with the West Indies (1851).Google Scholar

73 26 Oct. 1869

74 5 Nov. 1869

75 1 Jan. 1870

76 17 Feb. 1870

77 26, 27, 29 July, 6, 15 Oct. 1871

78 As a member of five or six housing associations, returning about 5%.

79 Speech to Liverpool Conservative Working men's Association, 7 Jan. 1872

80 25 Mar. 1873

81 In late Feb. or early March 1874 a ‘happy, amiable, and confidential’ Derby told his aunt Lady Cowper that ‘Dizzy is a changed man’ with ‘a cabinet of the wisest people he can find and none of them subservient’ (Earl Cowper, K.G. A Memoir. Printed for Private Circulation, 1913, 254, 265.)Google Scholar

82 Derby himself noted, of 1873, that he had delivered ‘a fair number of speeches on public occasions and have on the whole been as much before the public eye as in 1872’ (1 Jan. 1874). Much more than most front-benchers, Derby had something to say to the new working-man elector of 1867.

83 20 May 1875

84 The improvement was foreseen at the start of the year; see 1875 initial flyleaf.

85 12 Sept. 1875

86 26 June 1875

87 22 Nov. 1875

88 5 Oct. 1875

89 20 Sept. 1875

90 12 May 1875

91 5 Jan., 7 Jan. 1875

92 2 Jan. 1875. ‘I rather like shooting’, Derby told Lecky, ‘it prevents the necessity of general conversation.’ (Speeches, xliii.Google Scholar) Lady Derby's view of Knowsley was that ‘I always have the steady conviction that people must be so bored there’ (to Halifax, 5 Nov. 1881).

93 e.g. 8 Jan. 1875, following Disraeli's near-retirement.

94 28 Nov. 1875

95 10 Dec. 1875

96 21 July 1875

97 6 Sept. 1875

98 20 Feb. 1875

99 21 Aug., 29 Aug., 30 Aug., 15 Oct. 1875

100 29 Nov. 1875

101 First hinted at in the diary, 17 Mar. 1875

102 12 Mar. 1875

103 20 Apr. 1875

104 15 July 1875

105 4 Aug. 1875

106 Münster, an English diplomatist told Derby, was ‘no friend to Bismarck’ and ‘sent here to get him out of the way’ (27 May 1875).

107 23 Mar. 1875

108 10 July 1875

109 e.g. 27 Jan. 1875

110 20 Mar. 1875

111 15 July 1875

112 27 Jan. 1875

113 10 Jan. 1875

114 6 Feb. 1875

115 5 Sept. 1875

116 17 July 1875

117 17 Mar. 1875

118 1 Sept. 1875

119 28 May 1875

120 31 Dec. 1875

121 12 Sept. 1875

122 1 Nov. 1875

123 17 Mar. 1875

124 24 Aug. 1875

125 25 Nov. 1869

126 11 Mar. 1876

127 24 May 1875

128 22 Feb. 1875

129 26 Dec. 1875

130 27 Oct. 1869

131 One of Lady Derby's correspondents. On his departure for India, he wrote to her outlining his expectations of a great historic role.

132 27 July 1874

133 12 Apr. 1870

134 2 Mar., 8 June 1873

135 25 Aug. 1873

136 2 Dec. 1873

137 H, 6 Feb. 1873

138 9 Sept. 1873

139 9 Nov. 1873

140 23 Feb. 1874

141 8 July 1874

142 21 Apr. 1875

143 21 Apr. 1875

144 13 July 1875

145 9 Aug. 1875

146 16 Jan. 1875

147 17 Apr. 1875

148 e.g. 10 Feb., 13 Apr. 1875. For Disraeli, see 10 Sept. 1875

149 10, 11, 12 Nov. 1875

150 Especially 28 Aug.–14 Oct. 1875

151 7 June 1875

152 1 Jan. 1875; also 25 Jan. 1875

153 29 May 1875

154 23 June 1875

155 7 Aug. 1875

156 10 Sept. 1875

157 6 Nov. 1875

158 24 Dec. 1869

159 26 Aug. 1870

160 17 Oct. 1870

161 13–15 Oct. 1873

162 3 Nov. 1873

163 In 1875, on 25 Jan., 1 Feb., 17 Feb., 18 Feb., 18 Mar., 13 May., 5 June, 12 Aug., 10 Sept., 3 Nov., 12 Nov., and 13 Dec.

164 21 Jan. 1875

165 6 Mar. 1875

166 16 Mar. 1873

167 17 Aug. 1875

168 e.g. 1 May, 25 June, 12 July 1875

169 10 Apr. 1875

170 1 May 1875

171 13 Jan. 1875

172 The first news reached Derby on 15 and 16 Nov. 1875. Cabinets followed on 17, 18, 19, 22, 23 and 24 Nov. 1875; Derby missed the cabinet of 22 Nov., and the Canal shares are not mentioned in his report of 19 Nov. 1875. See Rothschild, Lord, ‘You Have It, Madam’. The purchase, in 1875, of Suez Canal shares by Disraeli and Baron Lionel de Rothschild. (London, 1980)Google Scholar

173 10 Feb., 13 Apr., 28 Apr., 10 Sept. 1875

174 7 Oct. 1875

175 11 Feb. 1875

176 17 Feb. 1875

177 21 Mar. 1875

178 10 Sept. 1875

179 3 Nov. 1875

180 1 Aug. 1875

181 13 Mar., 4 Nov. 1875

182 26 May, 12, 14, 16 June 1875

183 11 Nov. 1875

184 10 Nov. 1875

185 19 June 1875

186 14 Aug. 1875

187 27 Feb., 3, 26 June 1875

188 5, 9, 26 June, 3, 7, 14 July 1875

189 e.g. 13 Feb., 5 June 1875

190 13 Mar. 1875

191 14 Apr. 1875

192 7, 11 Aug. 1875

193 8 Apr. 1875

194 13, 17 Feb. 1875

195 e.g. 17 Feb., 27 Feb., 16 June, 19 June, 7 Aug. 1875

196 11 Nov. 1875

197 7 Aug. 1875

198 29 Mar. 1875

199 16 Sept. 1875

200 Derby gave the Inaugural Address at the 1881 Leeds Co-operative Congress.

201 The theme of his speech (17 Dec. 1875) to the City of Edinburgh Working-Men's Conservative Association, when he addressed 2000 in the Corn Exchange.

202 13 May, 18 Aug. 1875

203 31 July, 20 Aug. 1875

204 22 Dec. 1875

205 28 Aug. 1875

206 12 May 1875

207 Speeches, xliiGoogle Scholar

208 17 June 1875

209 Derby initially suspected that the Daily News report of ‘the massacre of 30,000 Bulgarians by Turkish troops’ was ‘one of those fictions by which insurgent leaders try to keep up the spirit of their followers.’ (Derby, to Ponsonby, , 3 07 1876, Derby MSS.)Google Scholar

210 9 Jan., 8 Feb., 23 Feb., 7 Mar. 1876

211 e.g. 23 Mar. 1876

212 10, 24 Mar. 1876

213 12 Apr. 1876

214 12 Jan. 1876

215 28 July 1876

216 Speeches, xxxviGoogle Scholar

217 16 Aug. 1876

218 25 Jan. 1876

219 6 Mar., 7 May, 24 June 1876

220 3 Apr. 1876

221 21 Mar. 1876

222 26, 28 June, 15 July 1876

223 1 June 1876

224 8 Aug. 1876

225 4 Jan. 1876

226 GH, 22 01 1878Google Scholar

227 Cecil, 209–11Google Scholar

228 Rupp, G.H., A Wavering Friendship: Russia and Austria, 1876–78 (Cambridge, Mass., 1941).Google Scholar

229 M. and B. 252

230 For the development of policy, especially at military and expert level, see Lee, Dwight E., Great Britain and the Cyprus Convention Policy of 1878 (Cambridge, Mass., 1934).Google Scholar