Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T02:10:31.309Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Respiratory disease in old age. Part 1: age-related changes in the lung, respiratory infections and lung tumours

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

Martin J Connolly*
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Manchester, UK
*
Martin J Connolly, Robert Barnes Medical Unit, Barnes Hospital, Kingsway, Cheadle, Cheshire SK8 2NY, UK.

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Clinical geriatrics
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Teale, C, Romianiuk, C, Mulley, G.Calcification on chest radiographs; the association with age. Age Ageing 1989; 18: 333–36.Google Scholar
2Milne, JS.Longitudinal respiratory studies in older people. Thorax 1978; 33: 547–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Milne, JS, Williamson, J.Respiratory function tests in older people. Clin Sci 1972; 42: 371–81.Google Scholar
4Knudson, RJ, Slatin, RC, Leibowitz, MD, Burrows, B.The maximal expiratory flow-volume curve, normal standards, variability and effects of age. Am Rev Respir Dis 1976; 113: 587600.Google Scholar
5Young, RC, Borden, DL, Rachal, RE.Aging of the lung: pulmonary disease in the elderly. Age 1987; 10: 138–45.Google Scholar
6Connolly, MJ, Crowley, JJ, Vestal, RE.Clinical significance of crepitations in elderly patients following acute hospital admission: a prospective study. Age Aging 1992; 21: 4348.Google Scholar
7Connolly, MJ, Crowley, JJ, Charan, NB, Nielson, CP, Vestal, RE.Reduced subjective awareness of bronchoconstriction provoked by metacholine in elderly asthmatic and normal subjects as measured on a simple awareness scale. Thorax 1992; 47: 410–13.Google Scholar
8Bortz, WM.Disuse and aging. JAMA 1982; 248: 12031208.Google Scholar
9Larson, EB, Bruce, RA.Health benefits of exercise in an aging society. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147: 353–56.Google Scholar
10Esposito, AL. The effect of common pharmacologic agents on pulmonary antibacterial defenses: implications for the geriatric patient. In: Niederman, MS ed. Clinics in chest medicine. Respiratory infections. Philadelphia and London: WB Saunders, 1987: 373–80.Google Scholar
11MacFarlane, J.Community acquired pneumonia. Br J Dis Chest 1987; 81: 116–27.Google Scholar
12Venkatesan, P, Gladman, J, MacFarlane, JT et al. A hospital study of community acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Thorax 1990; 45: 254–58.Google Scholar
13Saltzman, RL, Peterson, PK.Immunodeficiency of the elderly. Rev Infect Dis 1987; 9: 1127–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Waldman, RH, Bergmann, KC, Stone, J et al. Age-dependent antibody response in mice and humans following oral influenza immunization. J Clin Immunol 1987; 7: 237–32.Google Scholar
15Katsumata, U, Tagasugi, R, Kotaku, K, Sekizawa, H, Sasaki, T, Takashima, T.Cough reflex does not decline with age. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: A535.Google Scholar
16Goodman, RM, Yergin, BM, Landa, JF, Golinvaux, MH, Sackner, MA.Relationship of smoking history and pulmonary function tests to tracheal mucous velocity in nonsmokers, young smokers, ex-smokers and patients with chronic bronchitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 117: 205–14.Google ScholarPubMed
17The British Thoracic Society and The Public Health Laboratory Service. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults in British hospitals in 1982–1983: a survey of aetiology, mortality, prognostic factors and outcome. Q J Med 1987; 239: 195220.Google Scholar
18Marrie, TJ, Durant, H, Yates, L.Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: six-year prospective study. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: 586–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Farr, BM, Sloman, AJ, Fisch, MJ.Predicting death in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115: 428–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Marrie, TJ, Haldane, EV, Faulkner, RS, Durant, H, Kwan, C.Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985; 33: 671–79.Google Scholar
21Starczewski, AR, Allen, SC, Vargas, E, Lye, M.Clinical prognostic indices of fatility in elderly patients admitted to hospital with acute pnuemonia. Age Ageing 1988; 17: 181–86.Google Scholar
22LaCroix, AZ, Lipson, S, Miles, TP, White, L.Prospective study of pneumonia hospitalizations and mortality of US older people: the role of chronic conditions, health behaviors and nutritional status. Public Health Rep 1989; 104: 350–60.Google Scholar
23Esposito, AL.Community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Effect of age on manifestations and outcome. Arch Intern Med 1984; 144: 945–48.Google Scholar
24Harper, C, Newton, P.Clinical aspects of pneumonia in the elderly veteran. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989; 37: 867–72.Google Scholar
25Puxty, JAH, Andrews, K.The role of chest radiography in the evaluation of ‘geriatric giants’. Age Ageing 1986; 15: 174–76.Google Scholar
26McFadden, JP, Price, RC, Eastwood, HD, Briggs, RS.Raised respiratory rate in elderly patients: a valuable physical sign. Br Med J 1982; 284: 626–27.Google Scholar
27Fart, BM, Kaiser, DL, Harrison, BDW, Connolly, CK.Prediction of microbial aetiology at admission to hospital for pneumonia from presenting clinical features. Thorax 1989; 44: 1031–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Levy, M, Dromer, F, Brion, N, Leterdu, F, Carbon, C.Community-acquired pneumonia. Importance of initial noninvasive bacteriologic and radiographic investigations. Chest 1988; 92: 4348.Google Scholar
29Department of Health. Immunisation against infectious disease. London: HMSO, 1992.Google Scholar
30Saviteer, SM, Samsa, GP, Rutala, WA.Nosocomial infections in the elderly – increased risk per hospital day. Am J Med 1988; 84: 661–67.Google Scholar
31Harkness, GA, Bentley, DW, Roghmann, KJ.Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly. Am J Med 1990; 89: 457–63.Google Scholar
32Rello, J, Quintana, E, Ausina, V, Puzo, C, Net, A, Prats, G.Risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 1320–24.Google Scholar
33Brennen, C, Vickers, RM, Yu, VL, Puntereri, A, Yee, YC.Discovery of occult legionella pneumonia in a long stay hospital: results of prospective serological survey. Br Med J 1987; 295: 306307.Google Scholar
34Hilf, M, Yu, VL, Sharp, J, Zuravleff, JJ, Korvick, JA, Muder, RR.Antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeroginosa bacteraemia: outcome correlation in a prospective study of 200 patients. Am J Med 1989; 87: 540–46.Google Scholar
35Hill, SL, Morrison, HM, Burnett, D, Stockley, RA.Short term response of patients with bronchiectasis to treatment with amoxycillin given in standard or high doses orally or by inhalation. Thorax 1986; 41: 559–65.Google Scholar
36Vikerfors, T, Grandien, M, Olcen, P.Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 136: 561–64.Google Scholar
37Morris, CDW, Nell, H.Epidemic of pulmonary tuberculosis in geriatric homes. S Afr Med J 1988; 74: 117–20.Google Scholar
38Morris, CDW, Bird, AR, Nell, H.Haematological and biochemical changes in severe pulmonary tuberculosis. Q J Med 1989; 73: 1151–59.Google Scholar
39Counsell, S, Tan, JS, Dittus, RS.Unsuspected pulmonary tuberculosis in a community teaching hospital. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1274–78.Google Scholar
40Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Chemotherapy and the management of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: recommendations of the Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Thorax 1990; 45: 403408.Google Scholar
41Knox, AJ, Mascie-Taylor, H, Page, RL.Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly: four years' experience. Br J Dis Chest 1988; 82: 290–93.Google Scholar
42Heaton, RW.Should patients with haemoptysis and a normal chest X-ray be bronchoscoped? Postgrad Med J 1987; 63: 947–49.Google Scholar
43Spiro, SG, Souhami, RL.Duration of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer. Thorax 1990; 45: 12.Google Scholar
44Smit, EF, Carney, DN, Harford, P, Sleijfer, DT, Postmus, PE.A phase II study of oral etoposide in elderly patients with small cell lung cancer. Thorax 1989; 44: 631–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45Poplin, E, Thompson, B, Whitacre, M, Ainser, J.Small cell carcinoma of the lung: influence of age on treatment outcome. Cancer Treat Rep 1987; 71: 291–96.Google Scholar
46Kelly, P, O'Brien, AAJ, Daly, P, Clancy, L.Small-cell lung cancer in elderly patients: the case for chemotherapy. Age Ageing 1991; 20: 1922.Google Scholar
47Morgan, DAL, Gilson, D, Fletcher, J.Vincristin and etopside: an effective chemotherapy regimen with reduced toxicity in extensive small cell lung cancer. Eur J Clin Oncol 1987; 23: 619–21.Google Scholar
48Shirakusa, T, Tsutsui, M, Iriki, N et al. Results of resection for bronchogenic carcinoma in patients over theage of 80. Thorax 1989; 44: 189–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49Price, CGA, Slevin, ML.Difficult decisions. Chemotherapy in lung cancer. Postgrad Med J 1989; 65: 291–98.Google Scholar
50Lung and Asthma Information Agency. Pleural mesothelioma. London: St George's Hospital Medical School, 1992.Google Scholar