Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T02:08:18.946Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mechanisms of altered β-adrenergic modulation of the cardiovascular system with aging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

Rui-Ping Xiao  and
Edward G Lakatta
Rui-Ping Xiao
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
Edward G Lakatta*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
*
Edward G Lakatta MD, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Biological gerontology
Information
Reviews in Clinical Gerontology , Volume 1 , Issue 4 , November 1991 , pp. 309 - 322
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Lakatta, EG. Catecholamines and cardiovascular function in aging. In: Sacktor, B ed. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics, Volume 16, Endocrinology and aging. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1987: 877–91.Google Scholar
2Lakatta, EG. Diminished beta-adrenergic modulation of cardiovascular function in advanced age. Cardiol Clin 1986; 4: 185–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Filburn, CR, Lakatta, EG. Aging alterations in beta-adrenergic modulation of cardiac cell function. In: Johnson, JE Jr ed. Aging and cell function. New York: Plenum Press, 1984: 211–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Scarpace, PJ. Decreased β-adrenergic responsiveness during senescence. Fed Proc 1986; 45: 51–54.Google ScholarPubMed
5Lakatta, EG. Age-related alterations in the cardiovascular response to adrenergic mediated stress. Fed Proc 1980; 39: 3173–77.Google ScholarPubMed
6Fleisch, JH. Age-related decrease in beta adrenoreceptor activity of the cardiovascular system. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1981; 2: 337–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Fleisch, JH, Hooker, CS. The relationship between age and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in the rabbit and rat. Circ Res 1976; 38: 243–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Toda, N, Miyasaki, M. Senescent beagle coronary arteries in response to catecholamines and adrenergic nerve stimulation. J Gerontol 1987; 42: 210–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Iktsumi, K, Zerkowski, HR, Beckeringh, JJ, Michel, MC, Brodde, OE. Beta-2 adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of the isolated human saphenous vein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987; 2: 294–99.Google Scholar
10Godfraind, T. Alternative mechanisms for the potentiation of the relaxation evoked by isoprenaline in aortae from young and aged rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1979; 53: 273–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Tsujimoto, G, Lee, C-H, Hoffman, BB. Age-related decrease in beta adrenergic receptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle relaxation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986; 239: 411–15.Google ScholarPubMed
12Ericsson, E, Lundhold, L. Adrenergic β-receptor activity and cyclic AMP metabolism in vascular smooth muscle; variations with age. Mech Ageing Dev 1974; 4: 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13O'Donnell, SR, Wanstall, JC. Thyroxine treatment of aged or young rats demonstrates that vascular responses mediated by β-adrenoceptor subtypes can be differentially regulated. Br J Pharmacol 1986; 88: 41–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14O'Donnell, SR, Wanstall, JC. Beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptor-mediated responses in preparations of pulmonary artery and aorta from young and aged rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1984; 228: 733–38.Google Scholar
15O'Donnell, SR, Wanstall, JC. Demonstration of both β1,– and β2-adrenoceptor mediating relaxation of isolated ring preparations of rat pulmonary artery. Br J Pharmacol 1981; 74: 547–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Brummelen, PV, Buhler, FR, Kiowski, W, Amann, FW. Age-related decrease in cardiac and peripheral vascular responsiveness to isoprenaline: studies in normal subjects. Clin Sci 1981; 60: 571–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Duckler, SP, Carter, BJ, Williams, C. Vascular adrenergic neuroeffector function does not decline in aged rats. Circ Res 1985; 56: 109–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Altura, BM, Altura, BT. Some physiological factors in vascular reactivity. I: Aging in vascular smooth muscle and its influence on reactivity. In: Carrier, O Jr, Shibata, S eds. Factors influencing vascular reactivity. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin, 1977: 169–88.Google Scholar
19Scott, PJ, Reid, JL. The effect of age on the responses of human isolated arteries to noradrenaline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 13: 237–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Maclennan, WJ, Hall, MRP, Timothy, JI. Postural hypotension in old age: is it a disorder of the nervous system or of blood vessels? Age Ageing 1980; 9: 25–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Smith, SA, Fasler, JJ. Age-related changes in autonomic function: relationship with postural hypotension. Age Ageing 1983; 12: 206–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22Duckies, SP. Age-related changes in adrenergic neuronal function of rabbit vascular smooth muscle. Neurobiol Aging 1983; 4: 151–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Scott, PJ, Reid, JL. The effect of age on the responses of human isolated arteries to noradrenaline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 13: 237–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24Docherty, JR, Hyland, L. Aging and α-adrenoceptor function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1986; 7: 131–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Docherty, JR, O'Malley, K. An examination of age-related changes in pre- and post-synaptic α-adrenoceptors in the rat isolated vas deferens. Eur J Pharmacol 1983; 95: 171–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Hyland, L, Docherty, JR. An investigation of agerelated changes in pre- and postjunctional alphaadrenoceptors in human saphenous vein. Eur J Pharmacol 1985; 114: 361–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27Summers, RJ, Molenaar, P, Stephenson, JA. Autoradiographic localization of receptors in the cardiovascular system. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1987; 8: 272–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Lipe, S, Summers, RJ. Autoradiographic analysis of the distribution of beta-adrenoceptors in the dog splenic vasculature. Br J Pharmacol 1986; 87: 603–609.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29Toda, N, Okamura, T, Miyaraki, M. Age-dependent changes in the response of isolated beagle coronary arteries to transmural electrical stimulation and catecholamines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986; 238: 319–26.Google ScholarPubMed
30Toda, N. Response of isolated monkey coronary arteries to catecholamines and to transmural electrical stimulation. Circ Res 1981; 49: 1228–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31O'Donnell, SR, Wanstall, JC. Functional evidence for differential regulation of β-adrenoceptor subtypes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1987; 8: 265–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Langer, SZ. The role of α- and β-presynaptic receptors in the regulation of noradrenaline release elicited by nerve stimulation. Clin Sci Molec Med 1976; 51 (suppl 3): 423–26.Google Scholar
33Starke, K. Regulation of noradrenaline release by presynaptic receptor systems. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1977; 77: 1–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34Veith, RC, Best, JD, Halter, JB. Dose-dependent suppression of norepinephrine appearance rate in plasma by clonidine in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 59: 151–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Kobinger, W. α-Adrenoceptors in cardiovascular regulation. In: Ziegler, MG, Lake, CR eds. Norepinephrine. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984: 307–26.Google Scholar
36Featherstone, JA, Veith, RC, Flatness, D et al. Age and alpha-2 adrenergic regulation of plasma norepinephrine kinetics in humans. J Gerontol 1987; 42: 271–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37Docherty, JR, Hyland, L. Evidence for neuroeffector transmission through postjunctional α2-adrenoceptors in human saphenous vein. Br J Pharmacol 1985; 84: 573–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Docherty, JR, MacDonald, A, McGrath, JC. Further subclassification of α-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system, vas deferens and anococcygeus of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1979; 67: 421–22.Google ScholarPubMed
39Supiano, MA, Neubig, RR, Linares, OA et al. Effects of low-sodium diet on regulation of platelet α2-adrenergic receptors in young and elderly humans. Am J Physiol 1989; 256: E339–44.Google Scholar
40Supiano, MA, Linares, OA, Halter, JB et al. Functional uncoupling of the platelet α2-adrenergic receptoradenylate cyclase complex in the elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 64: 1160–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Rodeheffer, R, Gerstenblith, G, Fleg, JL et al. The impact of age on gated blood pool scan (GBPS) measurements of LV volumes during exercise. Circulation 1981; 64 (Part II): IV–243.Google Scholar
42Rodeheffer, RJ, Gerstenblith, G, Becker, LC. Exercise cardiac output is maintained with advancing age in healthy human subjects: cardiac dilation in increased stroke volume compensate for a diminished heart rate. Circulation 1984; 69: 203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43London, GM, Safer, MD, Weiss, YA et al. Isoproterenol sensitivity and total body clearance of propranolol in hypertensive patients. J Clin Pharmacol 1976; 16: 174–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44Vestal, RE, Wood, AJH, Shand, DG. Reduced betaadrenoreceptor sensitivity in the elderly. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979; 26: 181–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45Bertel, O, Bühler, FR, Kiowski, W et al. Decreased beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness as related to age, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamines in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 1980; 2: 130–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46Kuramoto, K, Matsushita, S, Mifune, J et al. Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic evaluations of isoproterenol test in elderly ischemic heart disease. Jpn Circ J 1978; 42: 955–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Yin, FCP, Spurgeon, HA, Raizes, GS et al. Ageassociated decrease in chronotropic response to isoproterenol. Circulation 1976; 54 (suppl II): 11–167.Google Scholar
48Guarnieri, T, Filburn, CR, Zitnik, G, Roth, GS, Lakatta, EG. Contractile and biochemical correlates of β-adrenergic stimulation of the aged heart. Am J Physiol 1980; 239: H501–508.Google ScholarPubMed
49Lakatta, EG, Gerstenblith, G, Angell, CS, Shock, NW, Weisfeldt, ML. Diminished inotropic response of aged myocardium to catecholamines. Circ Res 1975; 36: 262–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50Sakai, M, Danziger, RS, Xiao, R-P, Spurgeon, HA, Lakatta, EG. Contractile response of individual cardiac myocytes to norepinephrine declines with senescence. Am J Physiol 1992 (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51Abrass, IB, Davis, JL, Scarpace, PJ. Isoproterenol responsiveness and myocardial β-adrenergic receptors in young and old rats. J Gerontol 1982; 37: 156–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52Narayanan, N, Derby, J. Alteration in the properties of β-adrenergic receptors of myocardial membranes in aging: impairments in agonist-receptor interactions and guanine nucleotide regulation accompany diminished catecholamine-responsiveness of adenylate cyclase. Mech Ageing Dev 1982; 18: 127–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53Kusiak, JW, Pitha, J. Decreased response with age of the cardiac catecholamine sensitive adenylate cyclase system. Life Sci 1983; 33: 1679–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54Tsujimoto, G, Lee, C-H, Hoffman, BB. Age-related decrease in beta adrenergic receptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle relaxation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986; 239: 411–15.Google ScholarPubMed
55Doyle, V, O'Malley, K, Kelly, JG. Human lymphocyte β-adrenoceptor density in relation to age and hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1982; 4: 738–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56Abrass, IB, Scarpace, PJ. Human lymphocyte betaadrenergic receptors are unaltered with age. J Gerontol 1981; 36: 298–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57Jones, CR, Molenaar, P, Summers, RJ. New views of human cardiac β-adrenoceptors. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1989; 21: 519–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
58Beer, M, Hacker, S, Poat, J, Stahl, SM. Independent regulation of β1 and β2-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 1987; 92: 827–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59Brodde, OE, Wang, X-L. Beta-adrenoceptor changes in blood lymphocytes and altered drug responsiveness. Annu Clin Res 1988; 20: 311–23.Google ScholarPubMed
60Brodde, OE, Daul, A, Wellstein, A, Palm, D, Michel, MC, Beckeringh, JJ. Differentiation of β1,– and β2-adrenoceptor-mediated effects in humans. Am J Physiol 1988; 254: H199–206.Google Scholar
61Stiles, GL, Caron, MG, Lefkowitz, RJ. β-Adrenergic receptors: biochemical mechanisms of physiological regulation. Physiol Rev 1984; 64: 661–742.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62Levitzki, A. β-Adrenergic receptors and their mode of coupling to adenylate cyclase. Physiol Rev 1986; 66: 819–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63Benovic, JL, Bouvier, M, Caron, MG, Lefkowitz, RJ. Regulation of adenylyl cyclase-coupled β-adrenergic receptors. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1988; 4: 405–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
64Gilman, AG. G-proteins: transducers of receptorgenerated signals. Annu Rev Biochem 1987; 56: 615–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65Weiss, ER, Kelleher, OJ, Woon, CW et al. Receptor activation of G proteins. FASEB J 1988; 2: 2841–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66Sibley, DR, Lefkowitz, RJ. Molecular mechanisms of receptor desensitization using the β-adrenergic receptor-coupled adenylate cyclase system as a model. Nature 1985; 317: 124–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67Lefkowitz, RJ, Hansdorff, WP, Caron, MG. Role of phosphorylation in desensitization of the β-adrenoceptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1990; 11: 190–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
68Levitzki, A. Regulation of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1987; 8: 299–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69Strasser, RH, Sibley, DR, Lefkowitz, RJ. A novel catecholamine-activated adenosine cyclic 3′,5′-phosphate independent pathway for β-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation in wild-type and mutant S49 lymphoma cells: mechanisms of homologous desensitization of adenylate cyclase. Biochemistry 1986; 25: 1371–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70DeLean, A, Hancock, AA, Lefkowitz, RJ. Validation and statistical analysis of a computer modeling method for qualitative analysis of radioligand binding data for mixture of pharmacological receptor subtypes. Mol Pharmacol 1982; 255: 5–16.Google Scholar
71Scarpace, PJ. Decreased receptor activation with age. Can it be explained by desensitization? Geriatric Biosci 1988; 36: 1067–71.Google ScholarPubMed
72Scarpace, PJ, Abrass, IB. Beta-adrenergic agonistmediated desensitization in senescent rats. Mech Ageing Dev 1986; 35: 255–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
73Scarpace, PJ. Forskolin activation of adenylate cyclase in rat myocardium with age: effects of Guanine nucleotide analogs. Mech Ageing Dev 1990; 52: 169–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
74Scarpace, PJ, Abrass, IB. Decreased beta-adrenergic agonist affinity and adenylate cyclase activity in senescent rat lung. J Gerontol 1983; 38: 143–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
75Feldman, O, Limbird, LE, Nadeau, J, Robertson, D, Wood, AJJ. Alteration in leukocyte beta-receptor affinity with aging. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 815–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
76Scarpace, PJ, Baresi, LA. Increased beta-adrenergic receptors in the light-density membrane fraction in lungs from senescent rat. J Gerontol 1988; 43: B163–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
77Strasser, RH, Stiles, GL, Lefkowitz, RJ. Translocation and uncoupling of the beta-adrenergic receptor in rat lung after catecholamine promoted desensitization in vivo. Endocrinology 1984; 115: 1392–1400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
78Strasser, RH, Cerone, RA, Codina, J, Caron, MG, Lefkowitz, RJ. Homologous desensitization of the beta-adrenergic receptor. Functional integrity of the desensitized receptor from mammalian lung. Mol Pharmacol 1985; 28: 237–45.Google ScholarPubMed
79Brown, AM. Regulation of heartbeat by G proteincoupledion channels. Am J Physiol 1990; 259: H1621–28.Google ScholarPubMed
80Yatani, A, Brown, AM. Rapid β-adrenergic modulation of cardiac calcium channel currents by a fast G-protein pathway. Science 1989; 245: 71–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
81O'Connor, SW, Scarpace, PJ, Abrass, IB. Ageassociated decrease in the catalytic unit activity of rat myocardial adenylate cyclase. Mech Ageing Dev 1983; 21: 357–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
82Krall, JF, Connelly, M, Tuck, ML. Evidence for reversible adenylate cyclase activity decrease in human lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 99: 1028–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
83Krall, JF, Connelly, M, Weisbart, R, Tuck, ML. Agerelated elevation of plasma catecholamine concentration and reduced responsiveness of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981; 52: 863–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
84Rodbell, M. The role of hormone receptors and GTP-regulatory proteins in membrane transduction. Nature 1980; 284: 17–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
85Abrass, IB, Scarpace, PJ. Catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase: reduced activity in aged-human lymphocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 55: 1026–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
86Dillon, N, Chung, S, Kelly, J, O'Malley, K. Age and beta adrenoceptor-mediated function. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980; 27: 769–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
87O'Connor, SW, Scarpace, PJ, Abrass, IB. Ageassociated decrease of adenylate cyclase activity in rat myocardium. Mech Ageing Dev 1981; 16: 91–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
88Stessman, J, Eliakim, R, Cahan, C, Ebstein, RP. Deterioration of beta-receptor-adenylate cyclase function in elderly, hospitalized patients. J Gerontol 1984; 39: 667–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
89Schoffer, P, Stoclet, J-C. Age-related differences in cyclic AMP metabolism and their consequences on relaxation induced by isoproterenol and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in rat isolated aorta. Mech Ageing Dev 1990; 54: 197–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
90Kraft, CA, Castleden, CM. The effect of aging on β-adrenoceptor-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in human lymphocytes. Clin Sci 1981; 60: 587–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
91Kalish, MI, Katz, MS, Pineyro, MA, Gregerman, RI. Epinephrine- and glucagon-sensitive adenylate cyclase of rat liver during ageing. Evidence for membrane instability associated with increased enzyme activity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1977; 483: 452–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
92Kranz, D, Wollenberger, A. Age dependence of adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP generation in aorta and femoral arteries of rats. Z Alternsforsch 1976; 32: 461–66.Google Scholar
93Hayes, JS, Brunton, LL, Mayer, SE. Selective activation of paniculate cAMP-dependent protein kinase by isoproterenol and prostaglandin E1. J Biol Chem 1980; 255: 5113–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
94Buxton, ILO, Brunton, LL. Compartments of cAMP and protein kinase in mammalian cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem 1983; 258: 10233–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
95Aass, H, Skomedal, T, Osnes, J-B. Increase of cyclic AMP in subcellular fractions of rat heart muscle after β-adrenergic stimulation: prenalterol and isoprenaline caused different distribution of bound cyclic AMP. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1988; 20: 847–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
96Corbin, JD, Sugden, PH, Lincoln, TM, Keely, SM. Compartmentalization of adenosine 3′,5′- monophosphate and adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase in heart tissues. J Biol Chem 1977; 253: 3854–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
97Sakai, M, Danziger, RS, Staddon, JM, Lakatta, EG, Hansford, RG. Decrease with senescence in the norepinephrine-induced phosphorylation of myofilament proteins in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. J Moll Cell Cardiol 1989; 21: 1327–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
98Kirchberger, MA, Zhen, E, Kasinathan, C, Kirchberger, MA. Altered phospholamban phosphorylation in cardiac microsomes obtained from senescent rats. Biophys J 1990; 57: 504a.Google Scholar
99Froehlich, JP, Lakatta, EG, Beard, E, Spurgeon, HA, Weisfeldt, ML, Gerstenblith, G. Studies of sarcoplasmic reticulum function and contraction duration in young and aged rat myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1978; 10: 427–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
100Kadoma, M, Sacktor, B, Froehlich, JP. Stimulation by cAMP and protein kinase of calcium transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum from senescent rat myocardium. Fed Proc 1980; 39: 2040.Google Scholar
101Jiang, M-T, Narajanan, N. Effects of aging on phospholamban phosphorylation and calcium transport in rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mech Ageing Dev 1990; 54: 87–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
102Dobson, JG Jr, Fenton, RA, Romano, FD. Increased myocardial adenosine production and reduction of β-adrenergic contractile response in aged hearts. Circ Res 1990; 66: 1381–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
103Curtis, BM, Catterall, WA. Phosphorylation of the calcium antagonist receptor of the voltage-sensitive calcium channel by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 2528–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
104Hosey, MM, Borsotto, M, Lazdunski, M. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel in skeletal muscle membranes by c-AMP-and Ca2+-dependent processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 3732–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
105Adelstein, RS, Eisenberg, E. Regulation and kinetics of the actin-myosin-ATP interaction. Annu Rev Biochem 1980; 49: 921–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
106Wolff, J, Hofmann, F. Purification of myosin light chain kinase from bovine cardiac muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980; 77: 5852–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
107Schrader, G, Baumann, G, Gerlach, E. Adenosine as inhibitor of myocardial effect of catecholamines. Pflügers Arch 1977; 372: 29–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
108Dobson, JG Jr. Reduction by adenosine of the isoproterenol-induced increase in cyclic adenosine 3′–5′-monophosphate formation and glycogen phosphorylase activity in rat heart muscle. Circ Res 1978; 43: 785–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
109Rockoff, JB, Dobson, JG Jr. Inhibition by adenosine of catecholamine-induced increase in rat atrial contractility. Am J Physiol 1981; 239: H365–70.Google Scholar
110Fenton, RA, Dobson, JG Jr. Adenosine and calcium alter adrenergic-induced intact heart protein phosphorylation. Am J Physiol 1984; 246: H559–65.Google ScholarPubMed
111Dobson, JG Jr. Mechanism of adenosine inhibition of catecholamine-induced responses in heart. Circ Res 1983; 52: 151–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
112Lamonica, DA, Frohloff, N, Dobson, JG Jr. Adenosine inhibition of catecholamine-stimulated cardiac membrane adenylate cyclase. Am J Physiol 1985; 248: H737–44.Google ScholarPubMed
113Lefkowitz, RL, Wessels, MR, Stadel, JM. Hormones, receptors and cyclic AMP: their role in target cell refractoriness? Curr Top Cell Regul 1980; 17: 205–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
114Clark, RB. Desensitization of hormonal stimuli coupled to regulation of cyclic AMP levels. In: Greegard, P, Robison, GA eds. Advances in cyclic nucleotide and protein phosphorylation research, Volume 20. New York: Raven Press, 1986; 155–209.Google Scholar
115Lohse, MJ, Benovic, JL, Codina, J, Caron, MG, Lefkowitz, RJ. Barrestin – a novel protein that regulates β-adrenergic-receptor function. Circulation 1990; 82 (suppl III): III–L.Google Scholar
116Kassis, S, Fishman, PH. Functional alteration of the β-adrenergic receptor during desensitization of mammalian adenylyl cyclase by β-agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 6686–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
117Rich, KA, Codina, J, Floyd, G, Sekura, R, Hildenbrand, JD, Iyengar, R. Glucagon induced heterologous desensitization of MDCK cell adenylyl cyclase. J Biol Chem 1984; 259: 7893–901.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
118Reithmann, C, Giersckik, P, Sidiropoulos, D, Werdan, K, Jakobs, KH. Mechanism of noradrenaline-induced heterologous desensitization of adenylate cyclase stimulation in rat heart muscle cells: increase in the level of inhibitory G-protein α-subunits. Eur J Pharmacol 1989; 172: 211–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
119Reithmann, C, Giersckik, P, Müller, U, Werdan, K, Jakobs, KH. Pseudomonas exotoxin A prevents β-adrenoceptor-induced up-regulation of Gi protein α-subunits and adenylyl cyclase desensitization in rat heart muscle cells. Mol Pharmacol 1990; 37: 631–38.Google ScholarPubMed
120Kelleher, DJ, Pressin, JE, Ruoho, AE, Johnson, GL. Phorbol ester induces desensitization of adenylyl cyclase and phosphorylation of the β-adrenergic receptor in turkey erythrocyte. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 4316–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
121Sibley, DR, Lefkowitz, RJ. Desensitization of turkey erythrocyte adenylyl cyclase: β-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation is correlated with attenuation of adenylyl cyclase activity. J Biol Chem 1984; 259: 9742–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
122Limas, CJ. Comparison of the handling of norepinephrine in the myocardium of adult and old rats. Cardiovasc Res 1975; 9: 664–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
123Fleg, JL, Tzankoff, SP, Lakatta, EG. Age-related augmentation of plasma catecholamines during dynamic exercise in healthy, males. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59: 1033–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
124Sowers, JR, Rubenstein, LZ, Stern, N. Plasma norepinephrine responses to posture and isometric exercise increase with age in the absence of obesity. J Gerontol 1983; 38: 315–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
125Prinz, PN, Halter, J, Benedetti, C, Raskind, M. Circadian variation of plasma catecholamines in young and old men: relation to rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979; 49: 300–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
126Rubin, PC, Scott, PJ, Mclean, K, Reid, J. Noradrenaline release and clearance in relation to age and blood pressure in man. Eur J Clin Invest 1982; 12:121–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
127Esler, M, Skews, H, Leonard, P, Jackman, G, Bobik, A, Korner, P. Age-dependence of noradrenaline kinetics in normal subjects. Clin Sci 1981; 60: 217–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
128Goldstein, DS, Lake, CR, Chernow, B, Ziegler, MG et al. Age-dependence of hypertensive-normotensive differences in plasma norepinephrine. Hypertension 1983; 5: 100–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
129Pfeifer, MA, Weinberg, CR, Cook, D, Best, JD, Reenan, A, Halter, JB. Differential changes of autonomic nervous system function with age in man. Am J Med 1983; 75: 249–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
130Featherston, JA, Veith, RC, Halter, JB. Effect of age and alpha-2 adrenergic stimulation on plasma norepinephrine kinetics in man. Clin Res 1984; 32: 69A.Google Scholar
131Scarpace, PJ, Abrass, IB. Desensitization of adenylate cyclase and down-regulation of beta adrenergic receptors after in vivo administration of beta agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982; 223: 327–31.Google ScholarPubMed
132Tsujimoto, G, Hoffman, BB. Desensitization of β-adrenergic receptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Mol Pharmacol 1984; 27: 210–17.Google Scholar