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CAPTURING CONSEQUENCE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2019

ALEXANDER PASEAU
ALEXANDER PASEAU*
Affiliation:
Wadham College, University of Oxford
*
*WADHAM COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD OXFORD OX1 3PN, UK E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

First-order formalisations are often preferred to propositional ones because they are thought to underwrite the validity of more arguments. We compare and contrast the ability of some well-known logics—these two in particular—to formally capture valid and invalid arguments. We show that there is a precise and important sense in which first-order logic does not improve on propositional logic in this respect. We also prove some generalisations and related results of philosophical interest. The rest of the article investigates the results’ philosophical significance. A first moral is that the correct way to state the oft-cited superiority of first-order logic vis-à-vis propositional logic is more nuanced than often thought. The second moral concerns semantic theory; the third logic’s use as a tool for discovery. A fourth and final moral is that second-order logic’s transcendence of first-order logic is greater than first-order logic’s transcendence of propositional logic.

Keywords

03A0503B0503B1003B65first-order logicpropositional logicsecond-order logiccompactnesscountably infinite Boolean algebrasformalisationinferential roleincompactnessvalidity
Type
Research Article
Information
The Review of Symbolic Logic , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , June 2019 , pp. 271 - 295
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Symbolic Logic 2019 

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