Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2009
In 1891 W. E. H. Lecky wrote a topical essay in which he observed ”that the kind of interest which belongs to Irish history is curiously different from that which attaches to the history of England and tothat of the great nations of the continent.… It is an invaluable study of morbid anatomy.” Irish history is indeed the study of sickness but of an induced, not a natural sickness. While Lecky's diagnosis for Ireland's malade historiqueleaves much to be desired, he was able to isolate a singularity of Irish history which should command more than the limited attention of interested historians. Irish history since 1691 is more than the tragic chronicle of ”the Pope and the potato,” it is the record of one of the most persistent legislative efforts ever undertaken to change a people. The magnitude of that effort makes the history of the Irish Penal Code a profitable field of study for all students of the behavioral sciences.
1 Lecky, W. E. H., Historical and Political Essays(London, 1909), p. 68Google Scholar.
2 See the following—7 William III c. iv, v, viii, xiv, xvii, and xxi; 9 William III c. i, ii, iii, v, and ix; 10 William III c. xiii and xvi; 2 Anne c. iii, vi, vii, and xiii; 4 Anne c. ii, xi, and xvi; 8 Anne c. iii, viii, and xi.
3 Burke, William P., The Irish Priest in the Penal Times (Waterford, 1914), p. vGoogle Scholar.
4 Reynolds, Beatrice, “James Anthony Froude,” Some Modern Historians of Great Britain (New York, 1951), p. 50Google Scholar.
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6 Idem.
7 Ibid., 5–6.
8 Ibid.,2.
9 Idem.*>
10 Ibid., 4.
11 Ibid., 5.
12 Idem.
13 Ibid., 2.
14 id.,213.
15 Idem.
16 Idem.
17 Ibid., 17.
18 Mant, Richard, History of the Church of Ireland(London, 1840), II, 1Google Scholar.
19 Ibid.,75.
20 Idem.
21 Ibid., 77.
22 Idem.
23 Idem.
24 Idem.
25 Ibid., 78.
26 Acton, John Lord, Essays on Freedom and Power (New York, 1955), 114Google Scholar.
27 Lecky, Elisabeth Hartpole, A Mernoir of W. E. H. Lecky (London, 1909), p. 29Google Scholar.
28 Lecky, W. E. H., Leader of Public Opinion in Ireland (London, 1903), I, vGoogle Scholar.
29 Lecky, W. E. H., Clerical Influences (Dublin, 1911), p. 48Google Scholar.
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31 Only thirty copies were sold. Lecky, W. E. H.Leaders, (1903), I, vGoogle Scholar.
32 He wrote his Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalismandhis History of European Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne during this period.
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34 Beaumont, Gustave De, L'Irlande Sociale, Politique et Religeuse(Paris, 1839)Google Scholar.
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36 Idem.
37 Idem.
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41 Idem.
42 Approximately four hundred of thirteen hundred pages were devoted to Irish history. The first two volumes of the History of Englandsurveyed the history of Ireland and England 1688 to 1760.
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44 Lecky, W. E. H.History of England in the EighteenthCentury (New York, 1890), I, 320, n. 1Google Scholar.
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50 Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union in Kensington Town Hall on March 17, 1886.
51 Lecky, W. E. H., ”A Nationalist Parliament,” Nineteenth Century (04 1886, XIX, 636–644Google Scholar.
52 The Times, May 3, 1886; June 7, 1886.
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56 Ibid., pp. 245–246.
57 Ibid., p. 261.
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59 Ibid., 15.
60 Idem.
61 Froude, J. A., The English in Ireland, III, 24Google Scholar.
62 Lecky, W. E. H., A History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1892), I, 137Google Scholar.
63 Ibid., p. 138.
64 Idem.
65 Idem.
66 Lecky, E., Memoir, pp. 281–282Google Scholar.
67 Italics mine. Lecky, W. E. H., Leaders, 1903, I, 11Google Scholar.
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69 Idem.
70 Murray, R. H., Revolutionary Ireland and its Settlement (London, 1911)Google Scholar.
71 Murray, R. H., History of the Church of Ireland, edited by Phillips, W. A. (London, 1932), III, 157–159Google Scholar.
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73 Idem.
74 Ibid., p. 270.
75 Idem.
76 Italics mine. Ibid., p. 275.
77 Ibid., p. 272.
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80 Ibid., 161.
81 See 2 Anne c. vi Irish and 11/12 William III c. iv English. Howard, Gorges Edmund, Several Special Cases on the Law against the further Growth of Popery in Ireland, 1720–1773 (Dublin, 1775), p. 224; p. 197Google Scholar.
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85 2 Anne c. vi.
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88 Brennan, M. J., An Ecclesiastical History of Ireland (Dublin, 1840), II, 348Google Scholar.
89 Ibid., p. 347.
90 Moran, P. F., “The Condition of the Catholics in Ireland,” Dublin Review, XXXVIII (1882), 140Google Scholar.
91 This point of view had its source in the works the patriot of 1848, Mitchel, John. Sullivan, W. K., Two Centuries of Irish History (Dublin, 1912), p. 33Google Scholar.
92 Idem.
93 See Arkins, T., “The Commercial Aspects of the Irish Penal Code,” Studies (06, 1912), 257–273Google Scholar; “The Penal Code and Irish Land,” Studies (September, 1912), 514–523; Corcoran, T., “The English Colonial Parliament at Dublin,” Studies (03, 1918), 127–139Google Scholar.
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95 MacGrath, Kevin, “John Garzia, Noted Priest Catcher and his activities 1717–1723,” IER, LXXII (1949), 494Google Scholar.
96 William, P. Burke, The Irish Priest in the PenalTimes, p. viGoogle Scholar.
97 Idem.
98 Idem.
99 Idem.
100 Ibid., p. vii.
101 Idem.
102 Brady, John, “Some Aspects of the Irish Churchin the Eighteenth Century,” IER, LXX (1948), 518Google Scholar.
103 Idem.
104 Idem.
105 MaCGrath, Kevin, “John Garzia,” IER, LXXII (1949), 494–514Google Scholar.
106 Ibid., p. 496.
107 Ibid., p. 514.
108 MacGrath, Kevin, “The Dublin Clergy in 1695,” IER, LXXIV (1950), 193–200Google Scholar.
109 Ibid., 193.
110 Ronan, M. V., “Registration of the Popish Clergy, 1703. An Incident in Howth 1710,” IER, LXXIII (1950), 46–49Google Scholar.
111 One outstanding and outspoken exception was Corcoran, T., “The English Colonial Parliament at Dublin,” Studies, VII (03, 1918), 127–139Google Scholar.