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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2009
The importance of the communist movement in the Soviet Union was demonstrated once again by the international conference of communist parties held in Moscow in June, 1969. To be sure, Soviet foreign policy decisions have always been made on the basis of pragmatic calculations of state interest. Ideology, moreover, does appear to be waning as a motive force on the Soviet domestic scene. Nevertheless, the Soviet Union has maintained a deep commitment to the institutions and forms of the communist movement which go back to Lenin's time, a time which has become glorified, and grossly simplified in Soviet literature as a period of heroic victories. The convictions and institutions of this period have become hallowed: and today Moscow regards the preservation of their forms, if not their substance, as vital if further progress is to be achieved by communism in the international sphere.
1 In Rabotnichesko Dclo, July 6, 1969.
2 Pravda, July 25, 1969.
3 Brezhnev, Leonid I., “Fresh Upsurge of the Communist Movement,” World Marxist Review, 08, 1969, p. 8Google Scholar.
4 Volksstimme, June 11, 1969.
5 L'Unitàa, June 12, 1969.
6 Pravda, June 12, 1969; Neues Deutschland, June 10, 1969.
7 Trybuna Ludu, June 7, 1969.
8 L'Unitàa, June 12, 1969.
9 Korionov, V., “Kommunisty—znamenostsy sotsial'nogo progressa” (Communists — The Standard-Bearers of Social Progress), Kommunist, 1969, No. 8, p. 33Google Scholar.
10 These themes received particular emphasis in the speeches at the Moscow conference by Brezhnev and by Bulgarian party General Secretary Zhivkov, Todor, Pravda, 06 7, 1969Google Scholar, Rabotnichesko Delo, June 11, 1969.
11 See, for instance, Burlatsky, Fedor, Maoizm—Ugroza sotsializmy v Kitae (Maoism—A Threat to Socialism in China) (Moscow, 1968)Google Scholar.
12 The editorial article in Pravda on August 22, 1968, justifying the occupation of Czechoslovakia developed this theme at great length.
13 Pravda, June 18, 1969.
14 Ibid., April 11, 1968.
15 The most recent major attack on Yugoslavia in Soviet publications was in an article by Yu. Georgiyev, , “Yugoslaviya: Novy variant sotsializma?” (Yugoslavia: A New Variety of Socialism?), Kommunist, 1968, No. 15, pp. 82–97Google Scholar. An interesting elaboration of the Italian communist position on national models of socialism is contained in a speech by Luigi Longo in L'Unitàa, August 28, 1968. The October Revolution anniversary speech by Politburo member Kirill Mazurov on November 6, 1968, contains a lengthy refutation of this thesis: Pravda, November 7, 1968.
16 Pravda, June 27, 1969.
17 Brezhnev, , loc. cit., p. 9Google Scholar.
18 “Boyevoy avangard bor'by protiv imperializma” (“The Militant Vanguard of the Struggle Against Imperialism”), Kommunist, 1969, No. 10, p. 18Google Scholar.
19 Pravda, June 27, 1969.
20 “Zhivoye naslediye Kominterna,” (The Living Heritage of the Comintern), Kommunist, 1969, No. 4, pp. 3–10; Pravda, March 4, 1969Google Scholar.
21 See Shepilov's speech to the United Nations General Assembly, November 19, 1956, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Documents on International Affairs, 1956 (London, 1959), pp. 531Google Scholar, 536; Sovetskii ezhegodnik mezhdunarodnogo prava (1958) (The Soviet Yearbook of International Law (1958)) (Moscow, 1959), pp. 57Google Scholar, 65; World Marxist Review, December, 1960, pp. 10–11, 24; Pravda, August 4, 1969; Kovalev, S., “Suverenitet i internatsional'nye obyazannosti sotsialisticheskikh stran” (Sovereignty and the International Duties of Socialist Countries), Pravda, September 26, 1968Google Scholar.
22 Pravda, June 27, 1969.
23 Izvestieya, June 21, 1969.
24 L'Unità, June 12, 1969.
25 Rabotnichesko Delo, June 11, 1969.
26 Novoselov, S., “O klassovoy bor'be proletariate v razvitykh kapitalisticheskikh stranakh” (The Class Struggle of the Proletariat in the Developed Capitalist Countries), Kommunist, 1969, No. 10, p. 49Google Scholar.
27 Pravda, June 17, 1969.
28 Ibid., June 7, 1969.
29 Ibid., June 11, 1969.
30 Ibid., June 12, 1969.
31 Ibid., July 11, 1969.
32 Quoted in Carr, E. H., The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917–1923 (London, 1953), III, 191CrossRefGoogle Scholar.