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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2009
The last four or five decades have been a period of increasing tension and insecurity throughout the world, especially among the Western peoples. Pessimism, cynicism, and despair have gained the ascendancy over most of Europe; uncertainty and lack of confidence over much of the United States. It would be natural for businessmen and for social scientists, who measure civilization mainly in terms of real income or the volume of industrial production, to attribute this tension and discouragement to the slowing down in the rate of industrial progress, to the material crisis of the twentieth century.
1 The Conditions of Economic Progress (London, 1940) p. 41. The figures are for the decade of 1925–34Google Scholar.
2 Pigou, A. C., The Economics of Welfare (London, 1921) p. 11Google Scholar.
3 Cf.Nef, J. W., “On the Future of American Civilization,” Review of Politics, II, no. 3 (1940), p. 261CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
4 Times Literary Supplement, January 18, 1941.
5 Cf.Watson, Foster, The English Grammar Schools to 1660: their Curriculum and Practice (Cambridge, 1908), pp. 60–61, 114–115, and chap, III generallyGoogle Scholar.
6 Keynes, J. M., Essays in Biography, London, 1933, pp. 253–54Google Scholar.
7 Raleigh, Walter, Johnson on Shakespeare (London, 1908), p. 19Google Scholar.
8 I am indebted for this quotation to my friend, Dr. Artur Schnabel. It appears in a work of his that is about to be published by the Princeton University Press under the title of Some Aspects of Music.
9 See, for example, his Constitutionalism Ancient and Modern (Ithaca, 1940)Google Scholar.
10 The Century Dictionary, New York, 1895, ed. V, 3942, 3944. There is, of course, a third meaning, which has had theological implications — the law of human life, to which all human beings are subjectGoogle Scholar.
11 Newman, J. H. Cardinal, The Idea of a University (London, 1899), p. 54Google Scholar.
12 Gras, N. S. B., Business and Capitalism (New York, 1939), p. vii (my italics)Google Scholar.
13 Pigou, A. C., The Economics of Welfare (London, 1921), p. 12 (his italics)Google Scholar.
14 Ibid., pp. 20–21 andchap. i generally
15 Wicksteed, Philip H., The Common Sense of Political Economy (ed. Robbins, Lionel), London, 1933, vol. 1, pp. 191–92, 123–24Google Scholar.
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17 See part II of this article in the July issue of The Review of Politics.