Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T10:15:18.195Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Angola and Mozambique: Institutionalizing Social Revolution in Africa*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2009

Timothy W. Luke
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In this analysis I explore the key political and military events that led to the acquisition of state power by the Movimento Popular de Libertacao (MPLA) in Angola and the Frente de Libertacao de Mocambique (FRELIMO) in Mozambique during 1975–1976. At the same time, I discuss the decisive role played by the “guerrilla counterstate,” which the MPLA and FRELIMO movements constructed out of their national liberation party organizations, as a social formation to guide the cultural and political process of rapid social change. Indeed, I argue that one can point to the MPLA's and FRELIMO's divergent experiences with administering their counterstate institutions during the struggle for national liberation as a decisive variable in accounting for their respective successes and failures at institutionalizing social revolution after independence.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Review of Politics , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , July 1982 , pp. 413 - 436
Copyright
Copyright © University of Notre Dame 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 For a more elaborate discussion of the guerrilla counterstate, see Luke, Timothy W., “The MPLA Takeover in Angola,” Washington University Political Science Papers, no. 15 (St. Louis, 1978)Google Scholar.

2 Burchett, Wilfred, Southern Africa Stands Up: The Revolutions in Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa (New York, 1978), pp. 171–72Google Scholar.

3 See Chaliand, Gerard, Revolution in the Third World: Myths and Prospects (New York, 1977), pp. 133–46Google Scholar.

4 Cabral, Amilcar, Return to the Source: Selected Speeches of Amilcar Cabral (New York, 1973), pp. 43–44Google Scholar.

5 Skocpol, Theda, States and Social Revolution (Cambridge, 1979), p. 4CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 See Cabral, Amilcar, The Revolution in Guinea: Selected Texts by Amilcar Cabral (New York, 1969), pp. 157, 37Google Scholar.

7 For a number of individual militants' stories attesting to these kinds of changes, see Barnett, Don and Harvey, Roy, The Revolution in Angola: MPLA Life Histories and Documents (Indianapolis, 1972)Google Scholar; Davidson, Basil, In the Eye of the Storm: Angola's People (Garden City, N.J., 1973)Google Scholar; and, Mondlane, Eduardo, The Struggle for Mozambique (Baltimore, 1970)Google Scholar.

8 Davidson, Basil, The Liberation of Guine (Harmondsworth, England, 1969), p. 83Google Scholar.

9 Cabral, , Return to the Source, p. 54Google Scholar. See Luke, Timothy W., “Cabral's Marxism: An African Strategy for Socialist Development,” Studies in Comparative Communism, 9, no. 4 (Winter 1981)Google Scholar, for a consideration of Cabral's political theories in the context of social revolution in Africa.

10 Huntington, Samuel P., Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, 1968), p. 308Google Scholar.

11 Ibid., p. 340.

12 Gibson, Richard, African Liberation Movements: Contemporary Struggles Against Jhite Minority Rule (London, 1972), pp. 211–25Google Scholar.

13 Wheeler, Douglas and Pelessier, Rene, Angola (New York, 1971), pp. 215Google Scholar.

14 Adelman, Kenneth, “Report from Angola,” Foreign Affairs, 53, no. 3 (04 1975), 560–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

15 See Davidson, Basil, “Angola in the Tenth Year: A Report and Analysis, May–July 1970,” African Affairs, 70, no. 278 (01 1971), 42–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

16 Wheeler, and Pelessier, , Angola, p. 219Google Scholar.

17 Mondlane, , Mozambique, pp. 138–62Google Scholar.

18 For an excellent discussion of the need tor changing subjective psychocultural dispositions in harmony with changing sociopolitical structures, see Bourdieu, Pierre, Algeria 1960 (Cambridge, 1979), pp. 1–63Google Scholar.

19 “Angola in the ‘Year of the Cadre,‘“ Southern Africa, 12, no. 8 (10 1979), 5Google Scholar.

20 Washington Post, 28 May 1977.

21 Davidson, Basil, “Angola Since Independence,” Race and Class, 19, no. 2 (1977), 146–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

22 Komba, Marcelino, “Ideology Bows to Pragmatism,” Africa, no. 84 (08 1978), 34Google Scholar.

23 Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 16, no. 9 (09 1979), 5399Google Scholar.

24 Ibid.

25 Komba, , “Angola,” Africa, p. 34Google Scholar.

26 “Angola,” Southern Africa (October 1979), p. 5.

27 Washington Post, 28 May 1977.

28 New York Times, 6 November 1978.

29 African Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical, 16, no. 9 (15 09–14 10 1979), 5262Google Scholar.

30 Newsom, David D., “Communism in Africa,” Africa Report, 24, no. 1 (01–02 1980), 46Google Scholar.

31 Komba, , “Angola,” p. 34Google Scholar.

32 “Africa Update,” Africa Report, 24, no. 5 (09–10 1979), 37Google Scholar. Also see Andre Gunder Frank.

33 New York Times, 12 December 1977.

34 “The Limpopo Valley: From Colonial Settlement to Socialization of the Countryside,” Southern Africa, 12, no. 4 (05 1979), 13Google Scholar.

35 “Mozambique's President Machel Talks About Building a Socialist Future,” Southern Africa, 12, no. 6 (07–08 1979), 6Google Scholar.

36 Burchett, , Southern Africa Stands Up, p. 153Google Scholar.

37 Mugomba, Agrippah T., “Education in Mozambique,” Journal of Southern African Affairs, 3, no. 4 (10 1978), 422Google Scholar.

38 “Africa Update,“ Africa Report, 24, no. 4 (07–08 1979), 37Google Scholar.

39 Arnold, Guy, “The Mozambique Road,” Africa Report, 24, no. 4 (07–08 1979), 21–22Google Scholar. Also see Ottaway, Marina, “The Theory and Practice of Marxism-Leninism in Mozambique and Ethiopia,” Communism in Africa, ed. Albright, David E. (Bloomington, Ind., 1980), pp. 118–44Google Scholar.

40 Mittelman, James H., “Mozambique: The Political Economy of Underdevelopment,” Journal of Southern African Affairs, 3, no. 1 (01 1978), 51Google Scholar. Also see by the same author, Underdevelopment and the Transition to Socialism: Mozambique and Tanzania (New York, 1981)Google Scholar.

41 Ibid., p. 52.

42 “Mozambique's President Machel,” Southern Africa, (May 1979), p. 5.

43 Washington Post, 28 October 1978.

44 Chaliand, , Revolution in the Third World, p. 188Google Scholar.

45 Ibid., p. 189.

46 Skocpol, , States and Social Revolution, p. 4Google Scholar.