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Structure and action: further comment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2010

Extract

We were at first puzzled by Alexander Wendt's latest rejoinder, since systemic theorists need concede nothing in recognizing states as self-interested actors with identities and interests. They have only to add that these identities and interests are shaped by the system in general and are given specific direction at any one time by the systemic pressures operating in the previous period. After all, ‘self-interested’ is a dummy term, until supplied with content, and systemic theorists can regard the system as the source of what matters. Explanations which proceed ‘top-down’ by explaining the behaviour of the units in terms of the system need some kind of feed-back mechanism involving the units. It is no objection to systemic theory that the units contribute to the process, provided that they do so in ways shaped by the demands of the system. In short, why does Wendt believe that the identities and interests of actors cannot be formed by the system? Waltz certainly offers a powerful explanation cast in precisely these terms.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British International Studies Association 1992

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References

1 Wendt, Alexander, ‘Levels of Analysis vs. Agents and Structures: Part III’, Review of International Studies, 18, 2 (1992), pp. 181-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

2 See Hollis, Martin and Smith, Steve, ‘Beware of Gurus: Structure and Action in International Relations’, Review of International Studies, 17, 4 (1991), p. 408CrossRefGoogle Scholar.