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Arguing with law: strategic legal argumentation, US diplomacy, and debates over the International Criminal Court

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2014

ADAM BOWER
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Abstract

Recent studies have highlighted the instrumental use of language, wherein actors deploy claims to strategically pursue policy goals in the absence of persuasion or socialisation. Yet these accounts are insufficiently attentive to the social context in which an audience assesses and responds to strategic appeals. I present a theoretical account that highlights the distinctly powerful role of international law in framing strategic argumentation. Legalised discourses are especially legitimate because law is premised on a set of internally coherent practices that constitute actors and forms of action. I then illustrate the implications in a hard case concerning US efforts to secure immunities from International Criminal Court jurisdiction. Contrary to realist accounts of law as a tool of the powerful, I show that both pro- and anti-ICC diplomacy was channelled through a legal lens that imposed substantial constraints on the pursuit of policy objectives. Court proponents responded to US diplomatic pressure with their own legal arguments; this narrowed the scope of the exemptions, even as the Security Council temporarily conceded to US demands. While the US sought to marry coercion with argumentative appeals, it failed to generate a lasting change in global practice concerning ICC jurisdiction.

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Articles
Information
Review of International Studies , Volume 41 , Issue 2 , April 2015 , pp. 337 - 360
Copyright
Copyright © British International Studies Association 2014 

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79 UNSC 1487 was passed with 12 votes in favour and three abstentions (France, Germany, and Syria).

80 Only Pakistan offered explicit endorsement while Angola, Bulgaria, China, and the Russian Federation made more general statements of understanding.

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