Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T06:14:41.745Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Meeting the challenge of disease management in perennial grain cropping systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2007

C.M. Cox ,
K.A. Garrett  and
W.W. Bockus
C.M. Cox*
Affiliation:
The Land Institute, 2440 E Water Well Road, Salina, KS 67401, USA.
K.A. Garrett
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
W.W. Bockus
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
*
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Perennial grain production will likely present unique challenges for managing diseases that affect the productivity and longevity of crops being considered. Typical cultural practices effective at reducing soil- and residue-borne pathogens, such as annual crop rotations, delayed fall planting, and tillage, are not feasible in perennial systems. Consequently, soil- and residue-borne pathogens, and pathogens such as root colonizers and viruses that survive in live tissue, may increase in importance in a perennial grain crop. Resistance genes will undeniably be important defenses against disease. However, it is seldom, if ever, possible to incorporate within a single cultivar resistance to all existing and future important diseases. Furthermore, genes vulnerable to ‘boom and bust’ cycles are generally short-lived when deployed in monocultures. For these reasons, the use of mixtures of crop cultivars or species that vary in resistance functions will likely be an important strategy for managing diseases and pests of perennial grains. Burning of plant residue, a natural phenomenon in native perennial grass systems, may also be an effective disease management strategy. The successful implementation of these management tools may reduce or eliminate the risk that perennial grain crops will become pathogen refugia that affect neighboring annual plantings and the productivity of perennial plants.

Keywords

perennial wheathost diversitymixturesblendspolycultureresistanceburning
Type
Research Article
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , March 2005 , pp. 15 - 24
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

references

1Tilman, D 1999. Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and efficient practices. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 96: 5995–6000CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2Jackson, W., and Jackson, L.L. 1999. Developing high seed yielding perennial polycultures as a mimic of mid-grass prairie. In Lefroy, E.C., Hobbs, R.J., O'Connor, M.H., Pate, J.S. (eds). Agriculture as a Mimic of Natural Ecosystems. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
3Moffat, A.S 1996. Higher yielding perennials point the way to new crops. Science 274: 1469–1470CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Pimm, S.L 1997. In search of perennial solutions. Nature 389: 126–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Cox, T.S., Bender, M., Picone, C., Van Tassel, D.L., Holland, J.B., Brummer, E.C., Zoeller, B.E., Paterson, A.H., and Jackson, W 2002. Breeding perennial grain crops. Critical Reviews in Crop Science 21: 59–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Wilhelm, W.W., Mielke, L.N., and Fenster, C.R 1982. Root development of winter wheat as related to tillage in western Nebraska. Agronomy Journal 74: 85–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Buyanovsky, G.A., and Wagner, G.H. 1987. Carbon transfer in a winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) ecosystem. Biology and Fertility of Soils 5: 76–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Gordon-Werner, J., and Dorffling, K. 1988. Morphological and physiological studies concerning the drought tolerance of the Secale cereale × Secale montanum cross Permontra. Agronomy and Crop Science 160: 277–285CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Warembourg, F.R., and Estelrich, H.D 2001. Plant phenology and soil fertility effects on below-ground carbon allocation for an annual ( Bromus madritensis ) and a perennial ( Bromus erectus ) grass species. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33: 1291–1303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Mathre, D.E., and Johnston, R.H. 1990. A crown barrier related to Cephalosporium stripe resistance in wheat relatives. Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 1511–1514CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Lindstrom, M.J., Schumacher, T.E., and Blecha, M.L. 1994. Management considerations for returning CRP lands to crop production. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 49: 420–425Google Scholar
12Gebhart, D.L., Johnson, H.B., Mayeux, H.S., and Polley, H.W. 1994. The CRP increases soil organic carbon. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 49: 488–492Google Scholar
13Huggins, D.R., Allen, D.L., Gardner, J.C., Karlen, D.L., Bezdicek, D.F., Rosek, M.J., Alms, M.J., Flock, M., Miller, B.S., and Staben, M.L. 1997. Enhancing carbon sequestration in CRP-managed land. In Lal, R., Kimble, J.M., Follett, R.F. and Stewart, B.A. (eds). Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil CRC, Boca Raton, FL p. 323–334.Google Scholar
14Neher, D.A. 1995. Biological diversity in soils of agricultural and natural ecosystems. In Olson, R., Francis, C. and Kaffka, S. (eds) Exploring the Role of Diversity in Sustainable Agriculture. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. 55–71Google Scholar
15Rovira, A.D., and Wildermuth, G.B. 1981. The nature and mechanisms of suppression. In Asher, M.J.C. and Shipton, P. (eds) Biology and Control of Take-all. London: UK Academic Press, 385–415.Google Scholar
16Weller, D.M., Raaijmakers, J.M., McSpadden-Gardener, B.B., and Thomashow, L.S. 2002. Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40: 309–348CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17van Elsas, J.D., Garbeva, P., and Salles, J. 2002. Effects of agronomical measures on the microbial diversity of soils as related to the suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens. Biodegradation 13: 29–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Clapperton, M.J., Lee, N.O., Binet, F., and Conner, R.L. 2001. Earthworms directly reduce the effects of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) on soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Fielder). Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33: 1531–1538CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19van Bruggen, A.H.C., and Semenov, A.M. 2000. In search of biological indicators for soil health and disease suppression. Applied Soil Ecology 15: 13–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Sarniguet, A., and Lucas, P. 1992. Evaluation of populations of fluorescent pseudomonads related to decline of take-all patch on turfgrass. Plant and Soil 145: 11–15CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Asher, M.J.C. and Shipton, P.J. (eds). 1981. Biology and Control of Take-all. Academic Press, London, UKGoogle Scholar
22Bruehl, G.W., and Lai, P. 1968. The probable significance of saprophytic colonization of wheat straw in the field by Cephalosporium gramineum. Phytopathology 58: 464–466Google Scholar
23Bruehl, G.W., Millar, R.L., and Cunfer, B. 1969. Significance of antibiotic production by Cephalosporium gramineum to its saprophytic survival. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 49: 235–246CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Bockus, W.W. 1987. Diseases of roots, crown, and lower stems. In Heyne, E.G. (ed.) Wheat and Wheat Improvement. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI 510–527Google Scholar
25Cook, R.J., Sitton, J.W., and Haglund, W.A. 1987. Influence of soil treatments on growth and yield of wheat and implications for control of Pythium root rot. Phytopathology 77: 1192–1198CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Browning, J.A. 1974. Relevance of knowledge about natural ecosystems to development of pest management programs for agroecosystems. In Proceedings of the First International Wheat Genetics Symposium Manitoba, Canada p. 12–27Google Scholar
27Wolfe, M.S. 1985. The current status and prospects of mutiline cultivars and variety mixtures for disease resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 64: 148–155Google Scholar
28Browning, J.A. 1988. Current thinking on the use of diversity to buffer small grains against high epidemic and variable foliar pathogens: problems and future prospects. In Rajaram, N.W. and Rajaram, S. (eds). Breeding Strategies for Resistance to the Rusts of Wheat. CIMMYT, Mexico, D.F. 76–90Google Scholar
29McDonald, B.A., Allard, R.W., and Webster, R.K. 1988. Responses of two-, three-, and four-component barley mixtures to a variable pathogen population. Crop Science 28: 447–452CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Mahmood, T., Marshall, D., and McDaniel, M.E. 1991. Effect of winter wheat cultivar mixtures on leaf rust severity and grain yield. Phytopathology 81: 470–474CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Mundt, C.C. 2002. Use of multiline cultivars and cultivar mixtures for disease management. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40: 381–410CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32McDonald, B.A., and Linde, C. 2002. Pathogen evolution genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40: 349–379CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33Bockus, W.W., and Shroyer, J.P. 1998. The impact of reduced tillage on soilborne plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 38: 485–500CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Bockus, W.W., Appel, J.A., Bowden, R.L., Fritz, A.K., Gill, B.S., Martin, T.J., Sears, R.G., Seifers, D.L., Brown-Guedira, G.L., and Eversmeyer, M.G. 2001. Success stories: breeding for wheat disease resistance in Kansas. Plant Disease 85: 453–461CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Coley, P.D., Bryant, J.P., Chapin, F.S. III. 1985. Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. Science 230: 895–899CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36Bazzaz, F.A., Chiariello, N.R., Coley, P.D., and Pitelka, L.F. 1987. Allocating resources to reproduction and defense. Bioscience 37: 58–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37Nault, L.R., Gordon, D.T., Damsteegt, V.D., and Iltis, H.H. 1982. Response of annual and perennial teosintes ( Zea ) to six maize viruses. Plant Disease 66: 61–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Hart, R. 1977. Why are biennials so few. The American Naturalist 111: 792–799CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Jones, S.S., Murray, T.D., and Allan, R.E. 1995. Use of alien genes for the development of disease resistance in wheat. Annual Review of Phytopathology 33: 429–443CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40Friebe, B., Gill, K.S., Tuleen, N.A., and Gill, B.S. 1996. Transfer of wheat streak mosaic virus resistance from Agropyron intermedium into wheat. Crop Science 36: 857–861CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Juahar, P.P., and Peterson, T.S. 1996. Thinopyron and Lophopyrum as sources of genes for wheat improvement. Cereal Research Communications 24: 15–21Google Scholar
42Cox, C.M., Murray, T.D., and Jones, S.S. 2002. Perennial wheat germplasm lines resistant to eyespot, Cephalosporium stripe, and wheat streak mosaic. Plant Disease 86: 1043–1048CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43Cox, C., Bockus, W., Garrett, K., Cox, T.S., and Peters, T. 2004. Reaction of selected perennial grass accessions to barley yellow dwarf, 2003. Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases Vol. 19:. Published online at http://www.apsnet.org/online/BCtests/ (verified 18 January 2005).Google Scholar
44Burdon, J.J., and Thompson, J.N. 1995. Changed patterns of resistance in a population of Linum marginale attacked by the rust pathogen Melampspora lini. Journal of Ecology 83: 199–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45Thrall, P.H., and Burdon, J.J. 2003. Evolution of virulence in a plant host–pathogen metapopulation. Science 299: 1735–1737CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46Armbrecht, I., Perfecto, I., and Vandermeer, J. 2004. Enigmatic biodiversity correlations: ant diversity responds to diverse resources. Science 304: 284–286CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Murdoch, M.W., Evans, F.C., and Peterson, C.H. 1972. Diversity and pattern in plants and insects. Ecology 53: 819–829CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48Andow, D.A. 1991. Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response. Annual Review of Entomology 36: 561–586CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49Gilbert, G.S. 2002. Evolutionary ecology of plant diseases in natural ecosystems. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40: 13–43CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50Dinoor, A., and Eshed, N. 1984. The role and importance of pathogens in natural plant communities. Annual Review of Phytopathology 22: 443–466CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51Bever, J.D. 1994. Feedback between plants and their soil communities in an old field community. Ecology 75: 1965–1977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52Mills, K.E., and Bever, J.D. 1998. Maintenance of diversity within plant communities: soil pathogens as agents of negative feedback. Ecology 79: 1595–1601CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53Holah, J., and Alexander, H.M. 1999. Soil pathogenic fungi have the potential to affect the coexistence of two tallgrass prairie species. Journal of Ecology 87: 598–608CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54Harper, J.L. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. London, Uk, Academic Press.Google Scholar
55Harper, J.L. 1990. Pests, pathogens, and plant communities: an introduction. In Burdon, J.J. and Leather, S.R., Leather, (eds). Pests, Pathogens, and Plant Communities. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK: p. 3–14Google Scholar
56Mitchell, C.E., Tilman, D., and Groth, J.V. 2002. Effects of grassland plant species diversity, abundance, and composition on foliar fungal disease. Ecology 83: 1713–1726CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57Garrett, K.A., and Mundt, C.C. 2000. Effects of planting density and cultivar mixture composition on stripe rust severity in wheat: an analysis accounting for limits to the replication of controls. Phytopathology 90: 1313–1321CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58Zhu, Y., Hairu, C., Fan, J., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Chen, J., Fan, J., Yang, S., Hu, L., Leung, H., Mew, T.W., Teng, P.S., Wang, Z., and Mundt, C.C. 2000. Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature 406: 718–722CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59Cox, C.M., Garrett, K.A., Bowden, R.L., Fritz, A.K., Dendy, S.P., and Heer, W.F. 2004. Cultivar mixtures for the simultaneous management of multiple diseases: tan spot and leaf rust of wheat. Phytopathology 94: 961–969CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
60Garrett, K.A., Dendy, S.P., Power, A.G., Blaisdell, G.K., Alexander, H.A., and McCarron, J.K. 2004. Barley yellow dwarf disease in natural populations of dominant tallgrass prairie species in Kansas. Plant Disease 88: 574CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
61Power, A.G. 1999. Virus spread and vector dynamics in genetically diverse plant populations. Ecology 72: 232–241CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62Vilich-Meller, V. 1992. Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Fusarum spp. and Rhizoctonia cerealis stem rot in pure stands and interspecific mixtures of cereals. Crop Protection 11: 45–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63Mundt, C.C., Brophy, L.S., and Schmitt, M.S. 1995. Disease severity and yield of pure-line wheat cultivars and mixtures in the presence of eyespot, yellow rust, and their combination. Plant Pathology 44: 173–182CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64Halloin, J.M., and Johnson, D.J. 2000. Reduction of sugarbeet losses from Rhizoctonia crown and root rot by use of mixtures of resistant and susceptible varieties. Phytopathology 90: S33 abstractGoogle Scholar
65Hariri, D., Fouchard, M., Prud'homme, H. 2001. Incidence of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus in mixtures of susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars. European Journal of Plant Pathology 107: 625–631CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66Cowger, C., and Mundt, C.C. 2002. Effects of wheat cultivar mixtures on epidemic progression of Septoria tritici blotch and pathogenicity of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Phytopathology 92: 617–623CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67Garrett, K.A., and Mundt, C.C. 1999. Epidemiology in mixed host populations. Phytopathology 89: 984–990CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
68Mundt, C.C., and Browning, J.A. 1985. Development of crown rust epidemics in genetically diverse oat populations: effect of genotype unit area. Phytopathology 75: 607–610CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69Sone, J., Bockus, W.W., and Claassen, M.M. 1994. Gradients of tan spot of winter wheat from a small area source of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Plant Disease 78: 622–627CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70Knapp, A.K., Briggs, J.M., Hartnett, D.C. and Collins, S.L. 1998. Grassland Dynamics: Long-term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Oxford University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71Hardison, J.R. 1976. Fire and flame for plant disease control. Annual Review of Phytopathology 14: 355–380CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72Hardison, J.R. 1963. Commercial control of Puccinia striiformis and other rusts in seed crops of Poa pratensis by nickel fungicides. Phytopathology 53: 209–216Google Scholar
73Bockus, W.W., Webster, R.K., Wick, C.M., and Jackson, L.F. 1979. Rice residue disposal influences overwintering inoculum level of Sclerotium oryzae and stem rot severity. Phytopathology 69: 862–865CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74Bockus, W.W., O'Conner, J.P., and Raymond, P.J. 1983. Effect of residue management methods on incidence of Cephalosporium stripe under continuous winter wheat production. Plant Disease 67: 1323–1324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75Scheinhost, P.L., Lammer, D.L., Cai, X., Murray, T.D., and Jones, S.S. 2001. Perennial wheat: The development of a sustainable cropping system for the U.S. Pacific Northwest. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 16: 147–151CrossRefGoogle Scholar