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Indecent Theology: Sex and Female Heresy in Counter-Reformation Spain
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 October 2020
Abstract
In 1636, the Spanish Inquisition tried María de la Cruz for heresy and having made a pact with the devil. Examination of her trial in light of information about sexual misconduct on the part of Catholic clerics, however, reveals that what drove María to the emotional and behavioral extremes that her accusers described was neither heresy nor the devil the authorities had in mind. Theologians who evaluated her case and also met with María discerned what those who only read the accusations against her were unable to know: María's devils were human men taking advantage of a poor, illiterate woman for sex.
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- Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by the Renaissance Society of America
Footnotes
This study was made possible by the kind assistance of Sarah Nalle, who obtained the trial documents for me and generously shared her expertise on the Cuenca archive. Special gratitude to Alison Weber for her thoughtful readings. Thanks as well to Jodi Bilinkoff, Roser López Cruz, Andrew Keitt, Celeste McNamara, Leticia Mercado, Glyn Redworth, Adelina Sarrión Mora, and María Tausiet. Boston College provided generous support for time and means to conduct this research.
References
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Gravdal, Kathryn. “Confessing Incests: Legal Erasures and Literary Celebrations in Medieval France.” Comparative Literature Studies 32.2 (1995): 280–95.Google Scholar
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Ibsen, Kristine. Women's Spiritual Autobiography in Colonial Spanish America. Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 1999.Google Scholar
“‘It's Your Word against God's’: Survivors of Pennsylvania Clerical Abuse.” BBC News, 16 Aug. 2018. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-45213859/your-word-against-god-s-survivors-of-pennsylvania-clerical-abuse.Google Scholar
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Keitt, Andrew W. “The Miraculous Body of Evidence: Visionary Experience, Medical Discourse, and the Inquisition in Seventeenth-Century Spain.” Sixteenth Century Journal 36.1 (2005b): 77–96.Google Scholar
Kuehn, Thomas. “Reading Microhistory: The Example of Giovanni and Lusanna.” Journal of Modern History 61.3 (1989): 512–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lea, Henry Charles. “Mystics and Illuminati.” In Chapters from the Religious History of Spain Connected with the Inquisition, 213–436. Philadelphia, PA: Lea Brothers, 1890.Google Scholar
Lea, Henry Charles. Confession and Absolution: A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church, vols. 1–2. Philadelphia, PA: Lea Brothers, 1896.Google Scholar
Lea, Henry Charles. “Solicitation.” In History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church, 251–96. London: Williams and Norgate, 1907.Google Scholar
Mantecón Movellán, Tomás A. “Mujeres forzadas y abusos deshonestos en la Castilla moderna.” Manuscrits 20 (2002): 157–85.Google Scholar
Marguerite, Queen, consort of Henry II. The Heptaméron. Trans Chilton, P. A.. New York: Penguin, 1984.Google Scholar
Márquez, Antonio. Los alumbrados: Orígenes y filosofía (1525–1559). Madrid: Taurus, 1980.Google Scholar
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McNamara, Celeste I. “Challenges to Episcopal Authority in Seventeenth-Century Padua.” In Episcopal Reform and Politics in Early Modern Europe, ed. DeSilva, Jennifer Mara, 173–93. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
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Pérez, Laura S. Muñoz. Poder y escritura femenina en tiempos del Conde-Duque de Olivares (1621–1643): El desafío religioso de Teresa Valle. London: Tamesis, 2015.Google Scholar
Pérez de Valdivia, Diego. Aviso de gente recogida. Ed. Huerga, Álvaro. Madrid: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca / Fundación Universitaria Española, 1977.Google Scholar
Pinto Crespo, Virgilio. “La actitud de la Inquisición ante la iconografía religiosa: Tres ejemplos de su actuación (1571–1665).” Hispania sacra 31.61–64 (1978–79): 285–322.Google Scholar
Ramón Royo, Rosa. “Las emparedadas en la arquitectura del siglo XVI en Valencia.” Arquitectura y Empresa, 3 Aug. 2017. https://www.arquitecturayempresa.es/noticia/las-emparedadas-en-la-arquitectura-del-siglo-xvi-en-valencia.Google Scholar
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Rhodes, Elizabeth. “Living with Rodolfo and Cervantes's La fuerza de la sangre.” MLN 133.2 (2018): 201–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez Sánchez, Ángel. Hacerse nadie: Sometimiento, sexo y silencio en la España de finales del siglo XVI. Lérida: Editorial Milenio, 1998.Google Scholar
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