Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T18:00:01.484Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Framing the Early Modern French Best Seller: American Settings for François de Belleforest’s Tragic Histories

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Hervé–Thomas Campangne*
Affiliation:
University of Maryland, College Park

Abstract

This article shows how François de Belleforest (1530–83) adapted a variety of historical and geographical sources to meet the demands of the histoire tragique genre in composing three narratives set in the Americas. One recounts the destiny of conquistador Francisco Pizarro; another is the story of Marguerite de Roberval, who was allegedly marooned on a Canadian island; the third concerns Taino cacique Enriquillo’s heroic rebellion in 1520s Hispaniola. These narratives fostered a tragic image of the Americas that had a considerable influence on early modern readers, inviting them to ponder essential questions about European encounters with the American continent and its inhabitants.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Renaissance Society of America 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altman, Ida. “The Revolt of Enriquillo and the Historiography of Early Spanish America.” The Americas 63.4 (2007): 587614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aristotle, . The Poetics. Ed. and trans. Halliwell, Stephen. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Arnould, Jean-Claude. “De Pierre Boaistuau à François de Belleforest: La rupture dans la continuation.” Réforme, Humanisme, Renaissance 73.1 (2011): 7387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, Geoffrey. Les nouveaux horizons de la Renaissance française. Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, 1969.Google Scholar
Belfiore, Elizabeth S. Murder among Friends: Violation of Philia in Greek Tragedy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. L’Histoire des neuf roys Charles de France: contenant la fortune, vertu et heur fatal des Roys, qui sous ce nom de Charles ont mis à fin des choses merveilleuses. Paris: Pierre l’Huillier, 1568a.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. Remonstrance au peuple de Paris, de demeurer en la foy de leurs ancestres. Paris: R. Mangnier et V. Norment, 1568b.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. Le Troisième tome des histoires tragiques, extraictes des œuvres italiennes de Bandel, contenant dix huit histoires traduittes et enrichies outre l’invention de l’auteur par François de Belleforest. Torino: Cesar Farine, 1569.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. XVIII histoires tragiques, extraictes des œuvres italiennes de Bandel & mises en langue françoise. Torino: Cesar Farine, 1570a.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. Discours memorables de plusieurs histoires tragiques, le succez, et evenement desquelles est pour la plus part recueilly des choses advenue˙s˙ de nostre temps, et le reste des histoires anciennes. Paris: Jean Hulpeau, 1570b.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. L’histoire universelle du monde: contenant l’entière description & situation des quatre parties de la terre, la division & estendue d’une chacune region & provinces d’icelles. Paris: Gervais Mallot, 1570c.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. Le Quatriesme tome des histoires tragiques, partie de l’invention de l’autheur françois, contenant vingt-six histoires, enrichies et ornées avec plus de diligence que les précédentes par François de Belleforest. Torino: Jerosme Farine, 1571.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. La Cosmographie universelle de tout le monde. 2 vols. Paris: Michel Sonnius, 1575.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. Le Septiesme tome des histoires tragiques, contenant plusieurs choses dignes de mémoire, et divers succez d’affaires, et evenements, qui servent à l’instruction de nostre vie. Paris: Emmanuel Richard, 1583.Google Scholar
Belleforest, François de. Le Cinquiesme Tome des Histoires Tragiques. Ed. Campangne, Hervé-Thomas. Geneva: Droz, 2013.Google Scholar
Bernstein, Hilary J.Cosmography, Local History, and National Sentiment: François de Belleforest and the History of Paris.” French Historical Studies 35.1 (2012): 3160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bideaux, Michel. Roberval, la demoiselle et le gentilhomme: Les Robinsons de Terre-Neuve. Paris: Classique Garnier, 2009.Google Scholar
Biet, Christian. “Les leçons de l’édit de Nantes ou les théâtres de la catastrophe (XVIe–XVIIe siècles vs XXe–XXIe siècles).” Témoigner: Entre histoire et mémoire 117 (2014): 8292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biet, Christian. “French Tragedy during the Seventeenth Century: From Cruelty on a Scaffold to Poetic Distance on Stage.” In Politics and Aesthetics in European Baroque and Classicist Tragedy, ed. Bloemendal, Jan and Smith, Nigel, 294316. Leiden: Brill, 2016.Google Scholar
Boaistuau, Pierre. Histoires tragiques. Ed. Carr, Richard A.. Paris: STFM, 1977.Google Scholar
Campangne, Hervé-Thomas. “De L’histoire tragique à la dramaturgie: L’exemple de François de Belleforest.” Revue d’Histoire littéraire de la France 106.4 (2006): 791810.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campangne, Hervé-Thomas. “Justice et procès dans deux histoires tragiques de François de Belleforest.” Cahiers de recherches médiévales et humanistes 19 (2010): 333–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, Lawrence A. Bartolomé de las Casas, a Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Fenton, Geoffrey. Certaine tragicall discourses written out of Frenche and Latin, by Geffraie Fenton, no lesse profitable then pleasaunt, and of like necessitye to al degrees that take pleasure in antiquityes or forreine reapportes. London: Thomas Marshe, 1567.Google Scholar
Frisch, Andrea. Forgetting Differences: Tragedy, Historiography, and the French Wars of Religion. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerbi, Antonello. The Dispute of the New World: The History of a Polemic, 1750–1900. Trans. Moyle, Jeremy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godínez de Millis, Juan. Historias Tragicas exemplares sacadas de las obras del Bandello Verones. Nuevamente traduzidas de las que en lengua Francesa adornaron Pierre Bouistau, y Francisco de Belleforest. Salamanca: Pedro Lassa, 1589.Google Scholar
Gollancz, Israel. The Sources of Hamlet; with an Essay on the Legend. New York: Octagon Books, 1967.Google Scholar
Goulart, Simon. Le troisiesme et quatriesme volume du Thresor des histoires admirables et memorables de nostre temps. Cologne: Samuel Crespin, 1614.Google Scholar
Heitsch, Dorothea. “Cross-Cultural Adaptations and the Novella: Bandello’s Albanian Knight in France, England and Spain.” In French Connections in the English Renaissance, ed. Martin, Catherine Gimelli and Melehy, Hassan, 119–41. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013.Google Scholar
Hook, Frank S. The French Bandello: The Original Text of Four of Belleforest’s Histoires Tragiques, Translated by Geoffrey Fenton and William Painter in 1567. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri, 1948.Google Scholar
La Taille, Jean de. De l’art de la tragedie. In Saul le furieux, vols. 2 r–6v. Paris: Frederic Morel, 1572.Google Scholar
Léry, Jean de. History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil. Trans. Whatley, Janet. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Lestringant, Frank. André Thevet cosmographe des derniers Valois. Geneva: Droz, 1991.Google Scholar
Lestringant, Frank. Le Brésil de Montaigne: Le nouveau monde des Essais (1580–1592). Paris: Chandeigne, 2005a.Google Scholar
Lestringant, Frank. “La demoiselle dans l’île: Prolégomènes à une lecture de la nouvelle 67.” In Lire l’Heptaméron de Marguerite de Navarre, Etudes réunies et présentées par Dominique Bertrand, ed. Bertrand, Dominique, 184–96. Clermont Ferrand: Presses Universitaires Blaise Pascal, 2005b.Google Scholar
López de Gómara, Francisco. Historia General de las Indias. Ed. Lacroix, Jorge Gurría. Red Ediciones, 2016.Google Scholar
Lupher, David A. Romans in a New World: Classical Models in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Lyons, John. The Rhetoric of Example in Early Modern France and Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Machiavelli, Niccolo. Discourses on Livy. Trans. Mansfield, Harvey C. and Tarcov, Nathan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Navarre, Marguerite. The Heptameron. Trans. Chilton, P. A.. New York: Penguin Books, 1984.Google Scholar
Martyr, Peter. De Orbo Novo: The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D’Anghera. Trans. MacNutt, Francis Augustus. 2 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Son, 1912.Google Scholar
Mazouer, Charles. “Ce que tragédie et tragique veulent dire dans les écrits théoriques du XVIe siècle.” Revue d’histoire littéraire de la France 109.1 (2009): 7184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
y Valdés, Oviedo, Fernández de, Gonzalo. La historia general y natural de las Indias. Sevilla: Juan Cromberger, 1535.Google Scholar
Painter, William. The First Tome of the Palace of Pleasure, Beautified, Adorned, and Well Furnished with Pleasant Histories and Excellent Novels. Ed. Haslewood, Joseph. London: Robert Triphook, 1815.Google Scholar
Pietrzak, Witold K.Les histoires tragiques de François de Belleforest et leur réception en France aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles.” Réforme, Humanisme, Renaissance 73.1 (2011): 89106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plutarch, . Œuvres de Plutarque traduites par Jacques Amyot. Paris: Bastien, 1784.Google Scholar
Plutarch, . Parallel Lives, Vol. VII. Trans. Perrin, Bernadotte. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1919.Google Scholar
Polybius, . The Histories. Vol. IV: Books 9–15. Trans. Paton, W. R.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925.Google Scholar
Pruvost, René. Matteo Bandello and Elizabethan Fiction. Paris: Honoré Champion, 1937.Google Scholar
Ramusio, Giovanni Battista. Primo Volume Delle Navigationi et Viaggi. Nel qual si contiene la Descrittione dell’Africa. Venice: Giunti, 1550.Google Scholar
Richter, Bodo. “François de Belleforest: Un des pamphlétaires fulminants du XVIe siècle.” Cahiers de l’Association internationale des études francaises 36.1 (1984): 97110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roger, Philippe. L’ennemi américain: Généalogie de l’antiaméricanisme français. Paris: Seuil, Collection Points Essais, 2004.Google Scholar
Scaliger, Julius Caesar. Poetices libri septem. N.p.: Petrus Santandreanus, 1586.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Benjamin. Innocence Abroad: The Ducth Imagination and the New World, 1570–1670. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Simonin, Michel. François de Belleforest et l’histoire tragique en France au XVIe siàcle. 2 vols. Thèse de l’Université de Paris XII, 1985.Google Scholar
Simonin, Michel. Vivre de sa plume au XVIe siècle ou la carrière de François de Belleforest. Geneva: Droz, 1992.Google Scholar
Smythe, Robert. Straunge, Lamentable, and Tragicall Hystories. Translated out of French into Englishe. London: Hugh Jackson, 1577.Google Scholar
Sophocles, . Fragments. Trans. Lloyd-Jones, Hugh. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Stabler, Arthur P. The Legend of Marguerite de Roberval. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Street, J. S. French Sacred Drama from Bèze to Corneille: Dramatic Forms and Their Purposes in the Early Modern Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Sturel, René. Bandello en France au XVIe siècle. Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, .Google Scholar
Thevet, André. Cosmographie universelle. 2 vols. Paris: Guillaume Chaudière, 1575.Google Scholar
Thevet, André. Les vrais pourtraits et vies des hommes illustres grecz, latins et payens: Recueilliz de leurs tableaux, livres, médalles antiques et modernes, par André Thevet Angoumoysin. Paris: La Veuve Kervert et Guillaume Chaudière, 1584.Google Scholar
Le Thresor des histoires tragiques de Fr. de Belleforest. Paris: Gervais Mallot, 1581.Google Scholar
Traboulay, David M. Columbus and Las Casas: The Conquest and Christianization of America, 1492–1566. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1994.Google Scholar
Tragédie française d’un More cruel envers son seigneur nommé Riviery, gentilhomme espagnol, sa Damoiselle et ses Enfants. Rouen: Abraham Cousturier, ca. 1610.Google Scholar
George, Tuberville. Tragical Tales, translated by Tuberville. London: Abell Jeffs, 1587.Google Scholar
Van Delft, Louis. La spectateurs de la vie: Généalogie du regard moraliste. Ste-Foy: Presses de l’Université Laval, 2005.Google Scholar
Vauquelin de La Fresnaye, Jean. L’Art poétique. Ed. Genty, A.. Paris: Poulet-Malassis, 1862.Google Scholar
Yver, Jacques. Le printemps d’Yver: Contenant cinq histoires discourues par cinq journées en une noble compagnie au château du Printemps. Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, 1841.Google Scholar