Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T21:50:44.824Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

“Deaf as Ulysses to the Sirens Song”: The Story of a Forgotten Topos*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Harry Vredeveld
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Avaunt, Inchantress! - I am deaf as Adders;

Deaf as Ulysses to the Sireni Song,

Who strove in vain to lure him to Destruction.

— Lewis Theobald

Richly suggestive on a variety of levels, Odysseus's encounter with the Sirens in Homer's Odyssey remains one of the best-known episodes in world literature. This article exhumes a once popular variant of that story and tells how wise Ulysses, contrary to the ancient myth, came to stop his own ears against all allurements.

Type
Studies
Information
Renaissance Quarterly , Volume 54 , Issue 3 , Autumn 2001 , pp. 846 - 882
Copyright
Copyright © Renaissance Society of America 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albricus Londonensis. 1520. Allegoriae poeticae sen de veritate ac expositione poeticarum fabularum libri quatuor. [Paris.]Google Scholar
Alciati, Andrea. 1996. Emblemata. Lyons, 1550. Trans. Betty I. Knott, intro. John Manning. Aldershot, UK.Google Scholar
Alexander, Sir William. 1616. The Alexandraean Tragedie. London.Google Scholar
Ariosto, Ludovico. 1976. The Satires ofLudovico Ariosto: A Renaissance Autobiography. Trans. Peter D. Wiggins. Athens, OH.Google Scholar
Ascham, Roger. 1967. The Schoolmaster (1570). Ed. Lawrence V. Ryan. Ithaca, NY.Google Scholar
Bacon, Francis. 1976. De sapientia veterum, London 1609, and The Wisedome of the Ancients (translated by Sir Arthur Gorges), London 1619. New York.Google Scholar
Baldwin, T. W. 1944. William Shakspere's Small Latine & Lesse Greeke. 2 vols. Urbana.Google Scholar
Barclay, Alexander, trans. 1967. The Mirrour of Good Maners conteining the Foure Cardinal Vertues. Compiled in Latin by Dominike Mancin. Adjoined to Alexander Barclay, Stultifera nauis … . The Ship of Fooles. London, 1570. Reprint, New York.Google Scholar
Bartholomew of Cologne. 1995. Ecloga bucolici carminis. Silva carminum. Ed. and trans. Christina Meckelnborg and Bernd Schneider. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Basil, Saint. 1970. Address to Young Men on Reading Greek Literature. In Saint Basil, The Letters, ed. and trans. Roy J. Deferrari and Martin R. P. McGuire, 4:363–435. (Loeb Classical Library.) Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Batman, Stephan. 1976. The Golden Booke of the Leaden Goddes. London, 1577. Reprint, New York.Google Scholar
Benoit de Sainte-Maurc, . 1904-1912. Le roman de Troie. Ed. Leopold Constans. 6 vols. Paris.Google Scholar
Boccaccio, Giovanni. 1951. Genealogte deorum gentilium libri. Ed. Vincenzo Romano. 2 vols. Bari.Google Scholar
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Scverinus. Philosophiae consolatio. Ed. Ludwig Bieler. CCSL 94.Google Scholar
Boker, George H. 1848. The Lesson of Life and Other Poems. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Brant, Sebastian. 1961. Narrenschiff. Ed. Friedrich Zarncke. Leipzig, 1854. Reprint, Hildesheim.Google Scholar
Brant, Sebastian. 1968. Tugent Spyl. Nach der Ausgabe des Magister Jobann Winckel von Strafsburg (1554). Ed. Hans-Gert Roloff. Berlin.Google Scholar
Bromyarde, John de. [1484?] Summa praedicantium. Basel.Google Scholar
Bruni (Aretino), Leonardo, trans, n.d. Magni Basilii… ad nepotes suos pulchrum opusculum quomodo legendi sint libri seculares maximeque poete et qui eorum refitandi. [Zwolle.]Google Scholar
Burel, John. [1595?] To the Rich High, Lodwik Duke of Lenox. [Edinburgh.]Google Scholar
Bush, Douglas. 1963. Mythology and the Renaissance Tradition in English Poetry. Revised ed. New York.Google Scholar
Cantor, Peter. Verbum abbreviatum. In PL 205:23–554.Google Scholar
Cartari, Vincenzo. 1963. Imagini delli dei degl'antichi. Venice, 1647. Reprint, Graz.Google Scholar
Cawdray, Robert. 1971. A Treasurie or Store-house of Similies. London, 1600. Reprint, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Caxton, William, trans. 1894. The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, Written in French by Raoul Lefevre. Ed. H. Oskar Sommer. 2 vols. London.Google Scholar
Chapman, George. 1956. The Odyssey. In Chapman's Homer: the Iliad, the Odys sey, and the lesser Homerica, vol. 2, ed. Allardyce Nicoll. New York.Google Scholar
Chapman, George. 1975. The Widows Tears. Ed. Akihiro Yamada. London.Google Scholar
Chapman, George. 1979. The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron. Ed. George Ray. 2 vols. New York.Google Scholar
Chapman, George, Ben Jonson, and John Marston. 1954. Eastward Hoe. In Herford, Simpson, and Simpson, 4:487–619.Google Scholar
Chester, Robert. 1878. Loves Martyr, or, Rosalins Complaint (1601). Ed. Alexander B. Grosart. London.Google Scholar
Chivers, Thomas H. 1858. The Sons of Usna: A Tragi-apotheosis. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Chudleigh, Mary Lee, Lady. 1993. The Poems and Prose of Mary, Lady Chudleigh. Ed. Margaret J.M. Ezell. New York.Google Scholar
Claudianus, Claudius. 1985. Carmina. Ed. John B. Hall. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Cobb, Samuel. 1700. Poetae Britannici. A Poem, Satyrical and Panegyrical. London.Google Scholar
Conti, Natale (Natalis Comes). 1979. Mythologiae she explications fabularum libri decern. Padua, 1616. Reprint, New York.Google Scholar
Cooper, Thomas. 1969. Dictionarium Historicum et Poeticum. Appended to Thesaurus linguae Romanae et Britannicae. London, 1565. Reprint, Menston.Google Scholar
Corpus Christianorum, series Latina. 1953—. Turnhout.Google Scholar
Courcelle, Pierre. 1975. “L'interpretation evhemeriste des Sirenes-courtisanes jusqu'au XII’ siecle.” In Gesellschaft. Keltur. Literatur: Rezcption und OriginalitUt im Wachsen einer europdischen Literatur und Geistigkeit. Beitrage Luitpold Wallach gewidmet, ed. Karl Bosl, 33-48. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Daniel, Samuel. 1963. The Complete Works in Verse and Prose. Ed. Alexander B. Grosart. 5 vols. Manchester, 1885-1896. Reprint, New York.Google Scholar
Davies, Sir John. 1599. Nosce teipsum. This Oracle expounded in two Elegies: 1. Of Humane knowledge. 2. Of the Soule of Man, and the immortalitie thereof. London.Google Scholar
Dictys Cretensis, . 1973. Ephemeridos belli Troiani libri. Ed. Werner Eisenhut. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Dusaulx, Jean. 1796. Voyage a Barege et dans Us hautes Pyrtntes, fait en 1788. Paris.Google Scholar
E. C. 1595. Emaricdulfe. Sonnets. London.Google Scholar
Eisenhut, Werner. 1983. “Spatantike Troja-Erzahlungen - mit einem Ausblick auf die mittelalterliche Troja-Literatur.” Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 18: 1–28.Google Scholar
Eliot, George. 1998. Middlemarch. Ed. David Carroll. Oxford.Google Scholar
Elyot, Sir Thomas. 1542. Bibliotheca Eliotae. Eliotis Librarie. London.Google Scholar
Erasmus of Rotterdam. 1906-1958. Opus epistolarum. Ed. P.S. Allen. 12 vols. Oxford.Google Scholar
Erasmus of Rotterdam. 1962. Apophthegmata. In Opera omnia, ed. Joannes Clericus, 4:85–380. Leiden, 1703. Reprint, Hildesheim.Google Scholar
Erasmus of Rotterdam. 1969. Opera omnia. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Erasmus of Rotterdam. 1974. Collected Works of Erasmus. Toronto.Google Scholar
Erasmus of Rotterdam. Adagiorum chiliades. ASD 2.1-2 and 2.4-8.Google Scholar
Erasmus of Rotterdam. Colloquia. ASD 1.3. Ed. L.-E. Halkin, F. Bierlaire, and R. Hoven. Trans. Craig R. Thompson, CWE 39-40.Google Scholar
Erasmus of Rotterdam. De contemptu mundi. Ed. S. Dresden. In ASD 5.1:1-86. Trans. Erika Rummel in CWF 66:129-75.Google Scholar
Erasmus of Rotterdam. Panegyricus ad Philippum. Ed. O. Herding. In ASD 4.1:1-93. Trans. Betty Radice in C W 27:1–75.Google Scholar
Erasmus of Rotterdam. Parabolae sive similia. Ed. Jean-Claude Margolin. In ASD 1.5:1-332. Trans. R.A.B. Mynors in CWE 23:123–277.Google Scholar
Fitzgeffrey, Charles. 1596. Sir Francis Drake his Honorable lifes commendation, and his Tragical! Deathes lamentation. Oxford.Google Scholar
Flecknoe, Richard. 1661. Erminia. Or, The fair and vertuous Lady. London.Google Scholar
Fraunce, Abraham. 1976. The Third part of the Countesse of Pemhrokes Yuychurch: Entituled, Amintas Dale. London, 1592. Reprint, New York.Google Scholar
Fulgentius, Fabius Planciades. 1898. Mitologiae. In Fabii Planciadis Fulgentii V.C. Opera, ed. Rudolf Helm. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Galand de Reigny. 1998. Petit livre de proverbes. Ed. and trans. Jean Chatillon, Maurice Dumontier, and Alexis Grelois. Paris.Google Scholar
Gesta Romanorum. 1872. Ed. Hermann Oesterley. Berlin.Google Scholar
The ‘Gest Hystoriale’ of the Destruction of Troy. 1968. Ed. G.A. Panton and D. Donaldson. London.Google Scholar
Gifford, Humfrey. 1875. The Complete Poems and Translations in Prose of Humfrey Gifford Gentleman (1580). Ed. Alexander B. Grosart. Manchester.Google Scholar
Giraldi, Lilio Gregorio. 1976. De deis gentium. Basel, 1548. Reprint, New York.Google Scholar
Golding, Arthur. 1977. The .xv. BookesofP. Ouidius Naso, entytuled Metamorphosis, translated oute of Latin into English meeter. London, 1567. Reprint, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Googe, Barnabe. 1569. A newe Booke called the Shippe ofsafegarde, wrytten by G. B. London.Google Scholar
Grimeston, Edward, trans. 1611. A Generall Historic of France written by lohn de Serres. London.Google Scholar
Guazzo, Stefano. La civil conversazione. 1993. Ed. Amedeo Quondam. 2 vols. Modena.Google Scholar
Gueullette, Simon. 1692. Methode pour apprendre facilement la fable hiro'ique. Paris.Google Scholar
Guido delle Colonne, . 1936. Historia destructions Troiae. Ed. Nathaniel E. Griffin. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Gunther of Pairis. De oratione, ieiunio et eleemosyna. In PL 212:97–222.Google Scholar
Hanson, R. P. C. 1959. Allegory and Event: A Study of the Sources and Significance of Origen's Interpretation of Scripture. Richmond.Google Scholar
Haussler, Reinhard, ed. 1968. Nachtrdge zu A. Otto, Sprichwbrter und sprichwortliche Redensarten der Romer. Hildesheim.Google Scholar
Hawkshaw, Benjamin. 1693. Poems upon Several Occasions. London.Google Scholar
Hepp, Noéni. 1968. Homère en France au XVII siecle. Paris.Google Scholar
Herford, C. H., Percy Simpson, and Evelyn Simpson, eds. 1954-1965. Benjonson. 11 vols. Oxford. 1925-1952. Reprint, Oxford.Google Scholar
Hessus, Eobanus. 1508. De amantibus infoelicitate. Erfurt.Google Scholar
Hessus, Eobanus. 1512. Encomium nuptiale divo Sigismundo, regi Poloniae. Cracow.Google Scholar
Hessus, Eobanus. 1514. Heroidum Christianarum epistolae. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Heywood, Thomas. 1624. Gynaikeion: or, Nine Bookes of Various History. Concerninge Women. London.Google Scholar
Heywood, Thomas. 1631. Londons Ius Honorarium. London.Google Scholar
Higher, Gilbert. 1957. The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature. New York.Google Scholar
Holland, Hugo. 1978. “A parallell betweene Don Vlysses of Ithaca and Don Coryate of Odcombe.” In Thomas Coryate, Coryats Crudities, d8v-elv. London, 1611. Reprint, London.Google Scholar
Homer. 1962. The Odyssey: The Story of Odysseus. Trans. W. H. D. Rouse. New York.Google Scholar
Honorius of Autun. Speculum Ecclesiae. In PL 172:807–1108.Google Scholar
Horace. [1912.] Works in Q. Horati Flacci opera, ed. H. W Garrod. Oxford.Google Scholar
Howell, Thomas. 1576. Newe Sonets, and pretie Pamphlets,… Newly augmented corrected and amended. London.Google Scholar
Howell, Thomas. 1906. Howell's Deuises. 1581. Intro. Walter Raleigh. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hutten, Ulrich von. 1859-1870. Opera quae reperiri potuerunt omnia. Ed. Eduard Bocking. 7 vols. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Isidore of Seville. 1911. Etymologiarum she originum libri XX. Ed. W.M. Lindsay. 2 vols. Oxford.Google Scholar
Jerome, Saint. 1939. Preface to Joshua. In Biblia Sacra iuxta Latinam vulgatam versionem ad codicum fidem … edita: Libri Iosue Iudicum Ruth, 3-8. Rome.Google Scholar
Jerome, Saint. 1960. In Hieremiam. Ed. Siegfried Rciter. CCSL 74.Google Scholar
Jerome, Saint. 1969. In Michaeam. Ed. M. Adriaen. In CCSL 76:421–524.Google Scholar
John of Salisbury. 1909. Policratici she de nugis curialium et vestigiis philosophorum libri VIII. Ed. Clemens C.I. Webb. 2 vols. Oxford.Google Scholar
John of Salisbury. 1987. Entheticus in Policraticum. In P.ntheticus maior and minor, ed. Jan van Laarhoven, 1:231-49. Leiden.Google Scholar
Jonson, Ben. 1954. Bartholomew Pair. In Herford, Simpson, and Simpson, 6:1–141.Google Scholar
Juvenal. 1966. Satires. In A. Persi Flacci et D. Iuni Iuvenalis saturae, ed. W. V. Clausen, 35–175. Oxford.Google Scholar
Kafka, Franz. 1992. “Das Schweigen der Sirenen.” In Franz Kafka, Schriften, Tagebucher, Briefe: Kritische Ausgabe, vol. 2.1. Nachgelassene Schriften und Pragmente, ed. Jost Schillemeit, 40-42. Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
Kaiser, Erich. 1964. “Odyssee-Szenen als Topoi.” Museum Helveticum 21: 109–36.Google Scholar
Laurentius von Schnuffis. 1682. Mirantisches Flotlein. Oder Geistliche Schdfferey. Constance.Google Scholar
Laurentius von Schnuffis. 1688. Philoteus. Oder des Miranten Durch die Welt I und Hofe wunderlicher Weeg nach der Ruhe-seeligen Einsambkeit. Passau.Google Scholar
Lennox, Charlotte. 1970. The Female Quixote, or Phe Adventures of Arabella. Ed. Margaret Dalziel. London.Google Scholar
Lievsay, John L. 1961. Stefano Guazzo and the English Renaissance, 1575-1675. Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Lucian. 1927. The Wisdom of Nigrinus. Ed. and trans. A.M. Harmon. In Lucian, 1:97–139. (Loeb Classical Library.) Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Lydgate, John. 1906-1910. Lydgate's Troy Book. A.D. 1412-20. Ed. Henry Bergen. 3 vols. London.Google Scholar
Lyly, John. 1988. Love's Metamorphosis. In The Plays of John Lyly, ed. Carter A. Daniel, 287-315. Lewisburg.Google Scholar
Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton (Owen Meredith). 1864. Lucile. Boston.Google Scholar
Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1868. “A Man of Science, or The Botanist's Grave.” In Chronicles and Characters, 2:84–98. Boston.Google Scholar
Mancinus, Dominicus. 1484. Libellus de quattuor virtutibus et omnibus officiis ad bene beateque vhendum. Paris.Google Scholar
Markham, Gervase, trans. 1608. Ariosto's Satyres, in Seven Famous Discourses. London.Google Scholar
Massinger, Philip. 1976. The Picture. In The Plays and Poems of Philip Massinger, ed. Philip Edwards and Colin Gibson, 3:181–292. Oxford.Google Scholar
Meres, Francis. 1938. Palladis Tamia. Wits Treasury, Being the Second part of Wits Common wealth. London, 1598. Reprint, New York.Google Scholar
Neale, Thomas. 1937. The Warde. Ed. John A. Mitchell. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Otto, A. 1971. Die Sprichwbrter undsprichwortlichen Redensarten der Romer. Google Scholar
Leipzig, 1890. Reprint, Hildesheim. Owst, G. R. 1966. Literature and Pulpit in Medieval England: A Neglected Chapter in the History of English Letters & of the English People. Oxford.Google Scholar
Parrott, Thomas M., ed. 1914. The Plays of George Chapman: The Comedies. 2 vols. London.Google Scholar
Patrologiae cursus completus, series Latina. 1844-1865. Ed. J.-P. Migne. 221 vols. Paris.Google Scholar
Paulinus of Nola. 1992. Le lettere. Ed. and trans. Giovanni Santaniello. 2 vols. Naples.Google Scholar
Paynell, Thomas, trans. 1967. De Contemptu Mundi (1488?) by Desiderius Erasmus:… A Facsimile Reproduction of the Berthelet Edition of 1533. Intro. William J. Hirten. Gainesville, FL.Google Scholar
Petrarch, Francesco. 1933-1942. Lefamiliari. Ed. Umberto Bosco. 4 vols. Florence.Google Scholar
Petrarch, Francesco. 1965. De remediis utriusque fortunae. In Francisci Petrarchae opera quae extant omnia, 1:1–254. Basel, 1554. Reprint, Ridgewood, NJ.Google Scholar
Pettie, George, and Bartholomew Young, trans. 1925. The Civile Conversation of M. Steeven Guazzo. Ed. Sir Edward Sullivan. 2 vols. London.Google Scholar
Picinelli, Filippo. 1976. Mundus symbolicus. Trans. Augustin Erath. 2 vols. Cologne, 1694. Reprint, New York.Google Scholar
Plato. 1964. The Republic. Trans. Paul Shorey. In The Collected Dialogues of Plato, including the Letters, ed. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns, 575–844. New York.Google Scholar
Plutarch. 1969. How the Young Man should study Poetry. Ed. and trans. Frank C. Babbitt. In Plutarch's Moralia, 1:71–197. (Loeb Classical Library.) Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Prestwich, Edmund. 1651. Hippolitus Translated out of Seneca, … Together with divers other Poems. London.Google Scholar
Rachewiltz, Siegfried de. 1987. De Sirenibus: An Inquiry into Sirens from Homer to Shakespeare. New York.Google Scholar
Rahner, Hugo. 1964. Symbole der Kirche: Die Ekklesiologie der Vater. Salzburg.Google Scholar
Rawski, Conrad H., trans. 1991. Petrarch's Remedies for Fortune Fair and Foul. 5 vols. Bloomington.Google Scholar
Robinson, Clement. 1924. A Handful of Pleasant Delights (1584). Ed. Hyder E. Rollins. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Rudd, Niall, trans. 1987. Horace: Satires and Epistles. Persius: Satires. London.Google Scholar
Schoell, Franck L. 1926. Etudes sur I'humanisme continental en Angleterre a la fin de la renaissance. Paris.Google Scholar
Schucan, Luzi. 1973. Das Nachleben von Basilius Magnus “adadolescentes“: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des christlichen Humanismus. (Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance, 133.) Geneva.Google Scholar
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus. 1953. AdLucilium epistulae morales. Ed. and trans. Richard M. Gummere. 3 vols. (Loeb Classical Library.) Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Servius. 1881-1902. Servii grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina cqmmentarii. Ed. Georg Thilo and Hermann Hagen. 3 vols. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, William. 1992. Venus and Adonis. In The Sonnets and Narrative Poems, ed. William Burto, 89-129. (Everyman's Library.) New York.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, William. 1995. The Comedy of Errors. Ed. Harry Levin. In Comedies, 1:1–77. (Everyman's Library.) New York.Google Scholar
Sidonius Apollinaris. 1970. Letters. In Sidoine Apollinaire, vols. 2-3, ed. Andre Loyen. Paris.Google Scholar
Silvio de’ Piccolomini, Enea (Pope Pius II). 1912. Der Briefwechsel des Eneas Silvius Piccolomini. Fontes rerum Austriacarum, Zweite Abteilung, 67, ed. Rudolf Wolkan. Vienna.Google Scholar
Silvio de’ Piccolomini, Enea (Pope Pius II). 1967. Opera quae extant omnia. Basel, 1571. Reprint, Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
Spenser, Edmund. 1964. Spenser's Faerie Queene. Ed. J.C. Smith. 2 vols. Oxford. 1909. Reprint, Oxford.Google Scholar
Stanford, W. B. 1968. The Ulysses Theme: A Study in the Adaptability of a Traditional Hero. 2nd edition. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Sullivan, Sir Edward, ed. 1925. The Civile Conversation of M. Steeven Guazzo, the First Three Books Translated by George Pettie, Anno 1581, and the Fourth by Barth. Young, Anno 1586. 2 vols. London.Google Scholar
Sylvester, Josuah. [1606.] Testrastika, or The Quadrains of Guy de Faur, Lord of Pibrac. In Bartas his Devine Weekes and Workes, 669-715. [London.]Google Scholar
Taverner, William. 1713. The Female Advocates: Or, The Frantick Stock-jobber. London.Google Scholar
Taylor, Bayard. 1863. “Passing the Sirens.” In The Poet's Journal, 127-40. Boston.Google Scholar
Theobald, Lewis. 1731. Orestes: A Dramatic Opera. London.Google Scholar
Third Vatican Mythographer. 1968. In Scriptores rerum mythicarum Latini tres Romae nuper reperti, ed. Georg H. Bode, 152-256. Celle, 1834. Reprint, Hildesheim.Google Scholar
Tilley, Morris P. 1926. “A Variant of Homer's Story of Ulysses and the Sirens.” Classical Philology 21: 162–64.Google Scholar
Tofte, Robert, trans. 1976. Ariostos Seven Planets Gouerning Italic, or His Satyrs in Seven Famous Discourses … Newly Corrected and Augmented. London, 1611. Reprint, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Turberville, George. 1977. Epitaphes, epigrams, songs, and sonets. London, 1567. Reprinted, Delmar.Google Scholar
Turberville, George, trans. 1568. A plaine Path to perfect Vertue: Deuised and found out by Mancinus a Latine Poet. London.Google Scholar
Twyne, Thomas, trans. 1980. Phisicke against Fortune, aswellprosperous, as aduerse … by Frauncis Petrarch. London, 1579. Reprint, Delmar.Google Scholar
Udall, Nicholas, trans. 1969. Apophthegmes, that is to saie, prompte, quicke, wittie and sententious saiynges… Firste gathered and compiled in Latine by the ryght famous clerke Maister Erasmus ofRoterodame. London, 1542. Reprint, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
[Vincent of Beauvais]. 1964. Speculum morale. Bibliotheca mundi Vincentii Burgundi, vol. 3. Douay, 1624. Reprint, Graz.Google Scholar
Vredeveld, Harry, ed. 1990. Helius Eobanus Hessus, Dichtungen: Lateinisch und Deutsch. Dichtungen der Jahre 1528-1537. Bern.Google Scholar
1997. “Materials for a New Commentary to Sebastian Brant's Narrenschiff” Daphnis 26: 553–651.Google Scholar
Watson, Thomas. 1964. The Hekatompathia or Passionate Centurie of Love (1582). Facsimile reprint, intro. S.K. Heninger, Jr. Gainesville, FL.Google Scholar
Wedner, Sabine. 1994. Tradition und Wandel im allegorischen Verstandnis des Sirenenmythos: Ein Beitrag zur Rezeptionsgeschichte Homers. Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
Blasii, Wernerus S.. Libri deflorationum. In PL 157:721–1256.Google Scholar
Westney, Lizette I. 1981. Erasmus's Parabolae sive similia; Its Relationship to Sixteenth Century English Literature. Salzburg.Google Scholar
Whitney, Geffrey. 1967. A Choice ofEmblemes, and Other Devises. Leiden, 1586. Facsimile reprint, New York.Google Scholar
Willoby, Henry. 1926. Willobie His Avisa, 1594. Ed. G. B. Harrison. London.Google Scholar