Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 October 2008
Throughout their long history suffering has been the hallmark of the Jewish people. Driven from their homeland, buffeted from country to country and plagued by persecutions, Jews have been rejected, despised and led as a lamb to the slaughter. The Holocaust is the most recent chapter in this tragic record of events. The Third Reich's system of murder squads, concentration camps and killing centres eliminated nearly 6 million Jews; though Jewish communities had previously been decimated, such large scale devastation profoundly affected the Jewish religious consciousness. For many Jews it has seemed impossible to reconcile the concept of a loving, compassionate and merciful God with the terrible events of the Nazi regime. A number of important Jewish thinkers have grappled with traditional beliefs about God in the light of such suffering, but in various ways their responses are inadequate. If the Jewish faith is to survive, Holocaust theology will need to incorporate a belief in the Afterlife in which the righteous of Israel who died in the death camps will receive their due reward.
1 Wiesel, E., Nights (Bantam Books, 1982).Google Scholar As quoted by Rubenstein, R. and Roth, J.Approaches to Auschwitz (SCM Press, 1987), p. 283.Google Scholar
2 Ibid. p. 285.
3 Wiesel, E., The Trial of God (Random House, 1979), p. 129.Google Scholar
4 Ibid. p. 133.
5 Rubenstein, R. and Roth, J., op. cit. p. 287.Google Scholar
6 Wiesel, E., A Jew Today (Random House, 1978), p. 136.Google Scholar
7 Ibid. p. 164.
8 Rubenstein, R., After Auschwitz (Bobbs Merrill, 1966), p. 153.Google Scholar
9 Rubenstein, R. and Roth, J., Approaches to Auschwitz (SCM Press, 1987).Google Scholar
10 Rubenstein, R.After Auschwitz as quoted by R. Rubenstein and J. Roth op. cit. pp. 312–13.Google Scholar
11 Ibid. p. 315.
12 Cohen, A., Tremendum (Crossroad Publishing Company, 1981) as quoted by R. Rubenstein and J. Roth, op. cit. p. 330.Google Scholar
13 Ibid. p. 331.
14 Ibid. p. 332.
15 Ibid. p. 333.
16 Berkovits, E., Faith After the Holocaust (Ktav Publishing House Inc., 1973) pp. 5–6.Google Scholar
17 Ibid. p. 70.
18 Maybaum, I., The Face of God After the Auschwitz (Polak and Van Gennep, 1965), p. 36.Google Scholar
19 Ibid. p. 84.
20 Fackenheim, E., Judaism XVI (1967), 272–3.Google Scholar
21 Fackenheim, E., To Mend the World (Schoken Books, 1982).Google Scholar
22 Ibid. p. 250.