Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T17:57:13.576Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The metropolis in retrospect From the trading metropolis to the global metropolis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Lise Bourdeau-Lepage  and
Jean-Marie Huriot
Jean-Marie Huriot
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Économie et de Gestion (LEG) UMR CNRS 5118
Get access

Summary

Metropolization is not a new phenomenon: metropolises have been around for centuries. The prime and permanent function of a metropolis is the coordination of economic activities at a world scale. This function has been applied to different activities in history, depending on technological conditions and economic organization, and consequently it generated different forms of metropolises. The resulting continuities and discontinuities in the metropolises' evolution can be understood in terms of agglomeration economies. In the pre-industrial period, the trading metropolis coordinates long range trade. The industrial revolutions generate new needs for coordination of production and give rise to the manufacturing metropolis. Finally, the information revolution and the emergence of the post-industrial economy create the global metropolis.

Résumé

Résumé

La métropolisation est apparue longtemps avant la fin du 20e siècle. La première fonction d'une métropole est la coordination des activités économiques à l'échelle mondiale. Cette fonction coordinatrice a toujours existé. Elle s'est manifestée différemment selon les périodes, en fonction du progrès technologique et de l'organisation économique et a engendré différentes formes métropolitaines. Les continuités et ruptures qui en découlent peuvent se comprendre en termes d'économies d'agglomération. La période pré-industrielle est celle des métropoles d'échange, qui coordonnent le commerce de longue distance. Les révolutions industrielles suscitent de nouveaux besoins de coordination de la production et engendrent la métropole manufacturière. Enfin, la révolution informationnelle, combinée à de nouveaux changements dans l'organisation des firmes, fait naître la métropole globale.

Keywords

Services supérieursmétropoleshistoire urbaineN70R10R30High-order servicesmetropolisesurban historyN70R10R30
Type
Research Article
Information
Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , 2005 , pp. 257 - 284
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2005 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

We wish to thank P.M. Hohenberg for a fruitful discussion and the anonymous referees for their helpful comments

**

Université de Bourgogne, Pôle d'Economie et de Gestion, B.P. 26611, 21066 Dijon Cedex France

References

Agulhon, M., Choay, F., Crubellier, M., Lequin, Y. and Roncayolo, M. (1998), La ville de l’âge industriel. Le cycle Haussmannien (L’histoire de la France urbaine, 4), Paris, Le Seuil.Google Scholar
Anas, A., Arnott, R. and Small, K.A. (1998), “Urban Spatial Structures”, Journal of Economie Literature, 35, pp. 1426–1464.Google Scholar
Ansidei, J. (2001), Les centres financiers internationaux, Paris, Económica.Google Scholar
Arrow, J.K. (1974), “The Limits of Organization", in Arrow, J.K. and Coleman, J.S. (eds.), The Fels Lectures on Public Policy Analysis, New York, Norton.Google Scholar
Ascher, F. (2001), Les nouveaux principes de l’urbanisme, Paris, Editions de l’Aube.Google Scholar
Bairoch, P. (1985), De Jéricho à Mexico - Villes et économie dans l’histoire, Paris, Gallimard. English translation (1988), Cities and Economie Development : From the Dawn of History to the Present, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bairoch, P. (1997), Victoires et déboires. Histoire économique et sociale du monde du XVI siècle à nos jours, Paris, Gallimard.Google Scholar
Behrens, K, (2003), Structure of Trade and Agglomeration : How Impediments to Trade Shape the Space Economy, Dijon, Ph.D., LEG, Université de Bourgogne. Google Scholar
Bourdeau-Lepage, L., (2002), “Varsovie entre polarisation et dispersion”, Revue d'Économie Régionale et Urbaine, 5, pp. 805–827.Google Scholar
Bourdeau-Lepage, L. and Huriot, J.-M. (2002a), “Local Interactions and the Global City. Metropolization in Warsaw”, in Wspolczesne formy osad-nietwa miejskiego i ich przemiany, Lodz, pp. 289–302.Google Scholar
Bourdeau-Lepage, L. and J.-M., Huriot (2002b), “Metropolization in Warsaw, Economie Change and Urban Growth”, Canadian Review of Regional Science, pp. 423–445.Google Scholar
Braudel, F. (1979), Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme, XVe-XVIIe siècle, Paris, Armand Colin, vol. 3.Google Scholar
Cantillon, R., (1755), Essai sur la nature du commerce en général, Londres, Fletcher Gyles. Reprinted, 1892, Londres, Macmillan.Google Scholar
Castells, M. (1996), The Rise of the Network Society, Oxford, Blackwell.Google Scholar
Damette, F. (1994), La France en villes, Paris, DATAR-La Documentation Française.Google Scholar
Foray, D. and B.A., Lundvall (1996), “The Knowledge-Based Economy -From the Economics of Knowledge to the Learning Economy”;, in Employmentand Growth in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Paris, OCDEDocuments.Google Scholar
Fujita, M. and Thisse, J.-F. (2002), Economics of Agglomeration. Cities, Industrial Location and Regional Growth, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gaschet, F. and Lacour, C. (2002), « Métropolisation, centre et centralité », Revue d’Economie Régionale et Urbaine, 1, pp. 49–72.Google Scholar
Gaspar, J. and Glaeser, E.L. (1998), “Information Technology and the Future of Cities”, Journal of Urban Economies, 43, pp. 136–156.Google Scholar
Gehrig, T. (2000), “Cities and the Geography of Financial Centers”, in Huriot, J.-M. and Thisse, J.-F. (eds.), Economics of Cities. Theoretical Perspectives, Cambridge (Mass.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 415–445.Google Scholar
Guillain, R. and Huriot, J.-M. (2001), “The Local Dimension of Information Spillovers. A Critical Review of Empirical Evidence in the Case of Innovation”, Canadian Journal of Regional Science, pp. 294–319.Google Scholar
Lacour, C. (1999), «Méthodologie de recherche et théorisation des villes », in Lacour, C. and Puissant, S. (eds.), La métropolisation. Croissance, diversité, fractures, Paris, Anthropos, pp. 63–113.Google Scholar
Learner, E. and Storper, M. (2001), “The Economie Geography of the Internet Age”, Journal of International Business Studies, 32 (4), pp. 641–665.Google Scholar
Moss, M.L. (1987), “Telecommunications, World Cities, and Urban Policy” Urban Studies, 24, pp. 534–546.Google Scholar
Mumford, L. (1961), The City in History, New York, Harcourt Brace.Google Scholar
Nelson, R.R. (1998), “Different Perspectives on Technological Evolution”, in Ziman, ed., TechnologicalInnovation as an Evolutionary Process, Cambridge :Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
North, D.C. (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hâgerstrand, T. (1965), “Aspects of the Spatial Structure of Social Communication and the Diffusion of Information” Papers of the Regional Science Association, 16, pp. 27–42.Google Scholar
Hall, P. (1966), The World Cities, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Hall, P. (ed.), (1966), Von Thüne’s Isolated State, Oxford, Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Hall, P. (1997), “Modelling the Post-Industrial City”, Futures, 29, 45, pp. 311–322.Google Scholar
Hohenberg, P.M. (2002), The Historical Geography of European Cities : an Interpretative Essay, draft.Google Scholar
Hohenberg, P.M. and Lees, L.H. (1995), The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1994, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Huriot, J.-M. (1994), Von Thiinen : économie et espace, Paris, Económica.Google Scholar
Huriot, J.-M. (2004), “Concentration and dispersal of employment in French Cities”, in Richardson, H. W. and Bae, C.H.C., Urban Sprawl in Western Europe and United States, Aldershot, Burlington, Ashgate, pp. 159–184.Google Scholar
Huriot, J.-M. and Thisse, J.-F. (eds.) (2000), Economies of Cities. Theoretical Perspectives, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Huriot, J.-M. and Perreur, J. (1992), “Richard Cantillon and the intuitive understanding of space”, Sistemi Urbani, 1-2-3, pp. 61–75.Google Scholar
Ota, M. and Fujita, M. (1993), Communication Technologies and Spatial Organisation of Multi-Unit Firms, in Metropolitan Areas, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 23, pp. 695–729.Google Scholar
Pinol, J.-L. (1991), Le monde des villes au XIXe siècle, Paris, Hachette.Google Scholar
Piuz, A.-M. (1997), «Les économies traditionnelles en Europe », in Bai-roch, P., Victoires et déboires. Histoire économique et sociale du monde du XVIe siècle à nos jours, Paris, Gallimard, vol. 1, pp. 135–214.Google Scholar
Sassen, S. (2000), Cities in a World Economy, Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge Press.Google Scholar
Sassen, S. (2001), “Locating Cities on Global Circuits”, Research Bulletin, 46, Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb46.html.Google Scholar
Stigler, G.J. (1961), “The economics of information”, Journal of Political Economy, 69, 213–225.Google Scholar
Sykora, L. (1995), “Metropolises in Transition, Metropolises in Competition : Globalization of Central European Cities and their Integration into European Urban Network”, in Urban Utopias : New Tools for the Renaissance of the City in Europe. European Conference Proceedings, CD-ROM, Berlin, TVVF.Google Scholar
Thünen, J.H. von- (1826), Der Isolierte Staat in Beziehung auf Landwirt-schaft und Nationalökonomie, Vol. 1, Hamburg, Perthes.Google Scholar
Toynbee, A. (1970), Cities in Move, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1947), “Die Stadt” in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Tübingen, Mohr.Google Scholar
Yeates, M. and Garner, B. (1980), The North American City, San Francisco, Harper & Row.Google Scholar