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Internal finance and capital accumulation in a dynamic general equilibrium model with credit constraints

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Henri R. Sneessens
Affiliation:
IRES, Université catholique de Louvain and Université catholique de Lille
Maria Lucia Stefani
Affiliation:
IRES, Université catholique de Louvain
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Summary

This paper uses a dynamic general equilibrium setup with overlapping generations to provide a better understanding of the causes and consequences of credit constraints resulting from asymmetric information and moral hazard. These constraints imply that the entrepreneur’s access to credit is limited by the amount of internal funds available. In a general equilibrium setup, internal funds and the interest rate are endogenous. It is shown that credit constraints have large effects either by redistributing wealth or by changing the equilibrium capital stock, or both. Insofar as the interest rate elasticity of savings is close to zero, the effects on income distribution are likely to be much more important than the effects on output and investment. Even though Pareto improving policies do exist, they seem extremely difficult to implement in practice. Even in our simple setup with no borrower heterogeneity, simple transfers from unconstrained households to finance-constrained entrepreneurs may well fail to lead to Pareto superior outcomes and to eliminate the inefficiencies generated by capital market imperfections, even though they would have a positive impact on aggregate investment and output.

Résumé

Résumé

Ce papier emploie une spécification dynamique d’équilibre général avec générations imbriquées pour donner une meilleure compréhension des causes et conséquences des contraintes de crédit résultant d’informations asymétriques et de risque moral. Cette contrainte implique que l’accès au crédit par un entrepreneur est limité par la disponibilité de fonds propres disponibles. Dans un cadre d’équilibre général, les fonds propres et le taux d’intéret sont endogènes. Il est montré que ces contraintes de crédit ont des effets importants, soit en redistribuant les richesses, soit en changeant le stock de capital d’équilibre , ou les deux à la fois. Etant donné que l’élasticité du taux d’intéret à l’épargne est proche de zéro, les effets sur la distribution des revenus sont vraisemblablement beaucoup plus importants que les effets sur la production et l'investissements. Bien que des politiques d’amélioration au sens de Pareto existent, elles semblent extrêmement difficiles à réaliser dans la pratique, cela à cause des variations induites du taux d’intéret et du salaire réel. Même dans notre cadre simplifié sans hétérogénéité des emprunteurs, des transferts simples de ménages non-contraints aux entrepreneurs contraints financièrement peuvent fort bien manquer leurs objectifs et ne pas conduire à une allocation Pareto supérieure ni éliminer les inefficacités générées par les imperfections sur le marché des capitaux; et cela, même s’ils avaient un impact positif sur la production et les investissements agrégés.

Keywords

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 1996 

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Footnotes

(*)

We are very grateful to Fernando Barran, Frédérique Bracould, Fabio Canova, Jean de Bettignies and two anonymous referees for helpful discussions and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper. We also received useful comments from participants at the Fourth Summer School of the European Economic Association on “The Real Effects of Financial Markets”. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Belgian programme on Interuniversity Poles of Attraction initiated by the Belgian State, Prime Minister’s Office, Science Policy Programming. The usual disclaimer of course applies.

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