Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T18:32:06.570Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Éducation, emploi et participation au marché du travail dans un modèle d'appariement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Olivier Chariot
Olivier Chariot*
Affiliation:
LIBRE, Université de Franche-Comté
Get access

Résumé

Les travailleurs bénéficient de performances différentes sur le marché du travail en fonction de leur âge : le taux d'emploi exhibe une trajectoire en cloche en fonction de l'âge, tandis que le taux de chômage est continuellement décroissant. Au cours des dernières décennies, le taux de chômage a augmenté pour toutes les catégories d'âge, mais essentiellement pour les plus jeunes, tandis que les taux d'emploi et de participation ont essentiellement diminué pour les plus jeunes et les plus âgés. Nous construisons dans cet article un modèle d'appariement à la Pissarides (1990) apte à rendre compte de ces phénomènes.

Summary

Summary

The ageing of workers is a key factor to explain their different performance on the labour market. Employment rates by age are in general bell-shaped, whereas unemployment rates by age are generally continously decreasing. Over the past decades, employment and participation rates have particularly decreased for two different age categories: the youngest and the eldest. We build a matching model of unemployment aimed at understanding these features.

Keywords

job matchinghuman capitalretrainingage discriminationI20J14J21J24J70appariementcapital humainreformationdiscrimination par l'âgeI20J14J21J24J70
Type
Research Article
Information
Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review , Volume 71 , Issue 1 , 2005 , pp. 35 - 66
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2005 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

(*)

Je remercie deux rapporteurs de cette revue pour leurs commentaires sur une version antérieure de cet article. Je remercie également Antoine d'Autume, Francis Bloch, Pierre Cahuc, Henri Sneessens, Etienne Wasmer pour leurs commentaires sur un chapitre de ma thèse dont le présent article est extrait, ainsi que les participants du groupe de travail Générations Imbriquées à Marseille, en particulier Bruno Decreuse et Pierre Granier pour l'ensemble de leurs remarques.

(**)

LIBRE, Université de Franche–Comté. UFR SJEPG, 45d, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 25030 Besançon Cedex. Email : [email protected]

References

REFERENCES

Acemoglu, D.T. (1999), “Changes in unemployment and wage inequality : an alternative theory and some evidence”, American Economie Review, 89, pp. 1259–1278.Google Scholar
Albrecht, J. et Vroman, S. (2002), “A matching model with endogenous skill requirement”, International Economic Review, 43, pp. 283–305.Google Scholar
Becker, G.S. (1964), Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education, Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Ben Porath, E. (1967), “The production of human capital and life cycle of earnings”, Journal of Political Economy, 75, pp. 352–365.Google Scholar
Blanchard, O.J. (1985), “Debt, deficits and finite horizons”, Journal of Political Economy, 93, pp. 223–247.Google Scholar
Blanchet, D. et Brousse, C. (1994), «L'extension de la retraite : quelques approches explicatives», Revue Économique, 45, pp. 775–788.Google Scholar
Blinder, A. et Weiss, Y. (1976), “Human capital and labor supply:a synthesis”, Journal of Political Economy, 84, pp. 449–472.Google Scholar
Boucekkine, R., de la Croix, D. et Licandro, O. (2002), “Vintage human capital, demographic trends and endogenous growth”, Journal of Economic Theory, 104, pp. 340–375 Google Scholar
Chan, S. et Stevens, A.H. (2001), “Job loss and employment patterns of older workers”, Journal of Labor Economics, 19, pp. 484–521 Google Scholar
Chariot, O. (2002), Éducation et Chômage dans les modèles d'appariement, Thèse de Doctorat ès Sciences Economiques, Université de la Méditerranée Google Scholar
Chariot, O. (2002b), «Éducation, emploi et participation au marché du travail dans un modèle d'appariement», Document de travail GREQAM 02A06.Google Scholar
Chariot, O., Decreuse, B. et Granier, P. (2005), “Adaptability, productivity and educational incentives in a matching model”, European Economic Review, 49, pp. 1007–1032.Google Scholar
Coles, M., et Masters, A. (2000), “Retraining and long-term unemployment in a matching model of unlearning by not doing”, European Economic Review, 44, pp. 1801–1822.Google Scholar
Decreuse, B. et Granier, P. (2002), «Éducation, croissance et exclusion dans un modèle d'appariement», Annales d'Économie et de Statistiques, à paraître.Google Scholar
Engström, B. Holmlund et Kolm, A.S. (2001), “Optimal Taxation in search equilibrium with home production”, Working paper, Uppsala University.Google Scholar
Fournier, J.Y. et Givord, P. (2001), «La réduction du taux d'activité aux âges extrêmes, une spécificité française ?», Document de travail CREST.Google Scholar
Garibaldi, P. et Wasmer, E. (2005), “Labor market flows and equilibrium search unemployment”, Journal of the European Economic Association, 3, à paraître.Google Scholar
Givord, P. et Maurin, E. (2004), “Changes in job stability and their causes : an empirical analysis method applied to France 1982-2000”, European Economic Review, 48, pp. 595–615.Google Scholar
Heckman, J.J. (2000), “Policies to foster human capital”, Research in Economics, 54, pp. 3–56.Google Scholar
Kalemli-Ozcan, S., Ryder, H.E. et Weil, D.N. (1998), “Mortality decline, human capital investment, and economic growth”, Journal of Development Economics, 62, pp. 1–23.Google Scholar
Laing, D., Palivos, T. et Wang, P. (2003), “The Economics of new blood”, Journal of Economic Theory, 112, pp. 106–156.Google Scholar
Lazear, E.P. (1979), “Why is there mandatory retirement?”, Journal of Political Economy, 87, pp. 1261–1284.Google Scholar
Lazear, E.P. (1986), “Retirement from the labor force”, Handbook of Labor Economics 1, Amsterdam, North-Holland, pp. 305–355.Google Scholar
Lagarde, S. Maurin, E. et Torelli, C. (1994), «Créations et suppressions d'emploi en France, une étude de la période 1984-1992», Économie et Prévision, 113-114, pp. 67–88 Google Scholar
Machin, S. et Manning, A. (1999), “The causes and consequences of long-term unemployment”, Handbook of Labor Economics 3C, Amsterdam, North-Holland, pp. 3085–3139.Google Scholar
Mincer, J. (1997), “The production of human capital and the life cycle of earnings : variations on a theme”, Journal of Labor Economics, 15, pp. 26–47.Google Scholar
Moen, E.R. (1999), “Education, ranking and competition for jobs”, Journal of Labour Economics, 17, pp. 694–723.Google Scholar
OCDE (1995), Perspectives de l'emploi, Paris, OCDE.Google Scholar
OCDE (2001), Perspectives de l'emploi, Paris, OCDE.Google Scholar
Pissarides, C. (1990), Equilibrium unemployment theory, Oxford, Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Pissarides, C. et Petrongolo, B. (2001), “Looking into the black box : a survey of the matching function”, Journal of Economic Literature, 39, pp. 390–431.Google Scholar
Saint-Paul, G. (1996), Dual labour markets, MIT Press.Google Scholar
Sala-i-Martin, X. (1996), “A positive theory of social security”, Journal of Economic Growth, 1, pp. 277–304.Google Scholar
Sargent, T. et Ljungqvist, L. (1998), “The European unemployment dilemma”, Journal of Political Economy, 105, pp. 514–550.Google Scholar
Sargent, T. et Ljungqvist, L. (2002), “The European unemployment experience”, Working paper IZA.Google Scholar
Thurow, L.C. (1975), Generating Inequality, New York, Basic Books.Google Scholar
Wasmer, E. (2001), “Measuring human capital in the labour market : the supply of experience in 8 OECD countries”, European Economic Review, 45, pp. 861–875.Google Scholar
Wasmer, E. (2002), “Labour supply dynamics, unemployment and human capital investment”, Working Paper ILES.Google Scholar
Willis, R.J. (1986), “Wage determinants : a survey and reinterpretation of human capital earnings function”, Handbook of Labor Economics 1, Amsterdam, North-Holland, pp. 525–602.Google Scholar