Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T19:47:34.483Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon in the Northwest Pacific Continental Margin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 March 2016

Tiantian Ge ,
Xuchen Wang ,
Jing Zhang ,
Chunle Luo  and
Yuejun Xue
Tiantian Ge
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Xuchen Wang*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China. Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
Jing Zhang
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyama University, Toyama 9308555, Japan.
Chunle Luo
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Yuejun Xue
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article presents a modified method for extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from seawater for radiocarbon measurement by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Standard tests indicate that the extraction efficiencies of DIC are >96%, and the respective precisions of Δ14C-DIC and δ13C-DIC analyses are 6‰ and 0.1‰ or better. Using the method, we report Δ14C-DIC profiles collected from the shelf and slope in the East China Sea (ECS) of the northwest Pacific Ocean. Both the DIC concentration and Δ14C-DIC in the shelf and slope regions seem primarily affected by the Kuroshio Current. It is estimated that 54–65% of the bottom water in the shelf region could be from the intrusion of Kuroshio intermediate water, which carries a high concentration and low Δ14C values of DIC, and which influenced the DIC and its 14C signature on the shelf. Compared with the Δ14C-DIC profiles at other sites in the northwest Pacific reported previously, it appears that the Δ14C-DIC distributions are mainly controlled by the major oceanic currents in the region, and large variations in Δ14C-DIC occurred mostly in the upper 800 m of the water column. The similarity of Δ14C-DIC at depth suggests that the deep-water circulation patterns have been relatively stable in the northwest Pacific Ocean in the last 20 yr.

Keywords

dissolved inorganic carbonradiocarbonstable carbon isotopeEast China Seacontinental margin
Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 58 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 517 - 529
Copyright
© 2016 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andres, M, Wimbush, M, Park, JH, Chang, KI, Lim, BH, Watts, DR, Ichikawa, H, Teague, WJ. 2008. Observations of Kuroshio flow variations in the East China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 113:C05013.Google Scholar
Bai, LL, Zhang, J. 2008. Clarifying the structure of water masses in East China Sea using low-volume seawater measurement with rare earth element. Advances in Geosciences 18:169–180.Google Scholar
Bauer, JE, Druffel, ERM, Wolgast, DM, Griffin, S, Masiello, CA. 1998. Distributions of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon and radiocarbon in the eastern North Pacific continental margin. Deep-Sea Research II 45(4–5):689–713.Google Scholar
Broecker, WS, Sutherland, S, Smethie, W, Peng, TH, Ostlund, G. 1995. Oceanic radiocarbon: separation of the natural and bomb components. Global Biogeochemical Cycle 9(2):263–288.Google Scholar
Delcroix, T, Murtugudde, R. 2002. Sea surface salinity changes in the East China Sea during 1997–2001: influence of the Yangtze river. Journal of Geophysical Research 107(C12):8008.Google Scholar
Druffel, ERM, Williams, PM, Robertson, K, Griffin, S, Jull, AJT, Donahue, D, Toolin, L, Linick, TW. 1989. Radiocarbon in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon from the central North Pacific. Radiocarbon 31(3):523–532.Google Scholar
Druffel, ERM, Bauer, JE, Griffin, S, Beaupré, SR, Hwang, J. 2008. Dissolved inorganic radiocarbon in the North Pacific Ocean and Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 55(4):451–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, P, Xu, XM, Zhou, LP, Pack, MA, Griffin, S, Santos, GM, Southon, JR, Liu, KX. 2014. Rapid sample preparation of dissolved inorganic carbon in natural waters using a headspace-extraction approach for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 12(4):172–188.Google Scholar
Gruber, N, Gloor, M, Fletcher, SE, Doney, SC, Dutkiewicz, S, Follows, MJ, Gerber, M, Jacobson, AR, Joos, F, Lindsay, K, Menemenlis, D, Mouchet, A, Müller, SA, Sarmiento, JL, Takahashi, T. 2009. Oceanic sources, sinks, and transport of atmospheric CO2 . Global Biogeochemical Cycle 23:GB1005.Google Scholar
Guo, XY, Miyazawa, Y, Yamagata, T. 2006. The Kuroshio onshore intrusion along the shelf break of the East China Sea: the origin of the Tsushima Warm Current. Journal of Physical Oceanography 36(12):2205–2231.Google Scholar
Hu, DX, Wu, LX, Cai, WJ, Gupta, AS, Ganachaud, A, Qiu, B, Gordon, AL, Lin, X, Chen, Z, Hu, S, Wang, G, Wang, Q, Sprintall, J, Qu, T, Kashino, Y, Wang, F, Kessler, WS. 2015. Pacific western boundary currents and their roles in climate. Nature 522(7556):299–308.Google Scholar
Kamidaira, Y, Uchiyama, Y, Mitarai, S, Sakagami, T. 2014. Effects of the Submesoscale Anticyclonic eddies induced by Kuroshio in East China Sea. Proceedings of the 24th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference. Busan, Korea, June 15–20. Document ISOPE-I-14-457.Google Scholar
Kashgarian, M, Tanaka, N. 1991. Antarctic intermediate water intrusion into South Atlantic Bight shelf waters. Continental Shelf Research 11(2):197–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Key, R. 1996. WOCE Pacific Ocean radiocarbon program. Radiocarbon 38(3):415–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Key, RM, Quay, PD, Jones, GA, McNichol, AP, Reden, KF, Schneider, RJ. 1996. WOCE AMS radiocarbon I: Pacific Ocean results (P6, P16 and P17). Radiocarbon 38(3):425–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, I, Hesshaimer, V. 2000. Radiocarbon—a unique tracer of global carbon cycle dynamics. Radiocarbon 42(1):69–80.Google Scholar
Li, YH. 1994. Material exchange between the East China Sea and the Kuroshio current. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 5(4):625–631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lie, HJ, Cho, CH, Lee, JH, Lee, S. 2003. Structure and eastward extension of the Changjiang River plume in the East China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 108(C3):3077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKinley, GA, Takahashi, T, Buitenhuis, E, Chai, F. 2006. North Pacific carbon cycle response to climate variability on seasonal to decadal timescales. Journal of Geophysical Research 111:C07S06.Google Scholar
McNichol, AP, Jones, GA. 1991. Measuring 14C in seawater ∑CO2 by accelerator mass spectrometry, WHP operations and methods. In: Joyce T, Corry C, Stalcup M, editors. WOCE Operations Manual. Part 3.1.2. Requirements for WHP Data Reporting. Woods Hole: WHPO Publication. 90–91. 71 p.Google Scholar
McNichol, AP, Jones, GA, Hutton, DL, Gagnon, AR. 1994. The rapid preparation of seawater ∑CO2 for radiocarbon analysis at the national ocean sciences AMS facility. Radiocarbon 36(2):237–246.Google Scholar
McNichol, AP, Schneider, RJ, von Reden, KF, Gagnon, AR et al. 2000. Ten years after – the WOCE AMS radiocarbon program. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 172(1–4):479–484.Google Scholar
Milliman, JD, Meade, RH. 1983. World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans. Journal of Geology 91(1):1–21.Google Scholar
Onishi, H. 2001. Spatial and temporal variability in a vertical section across the Alaskan Stream and Subarctic Current. Journal of Oceanography 57(1):79–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qiu, B. 2001. Kuroshio and Oyashio Currents. In: Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences. 1st edition. San Diego: Academic Press. p 1413–1425.Google Scholar
Qiu, B, Chen, S. 2011. Effect of decadal Kuroshio Extension jet and eddy variability on the modification of North Pacific Intermediate Water. Journal of Physical Oceanography 41:503–515.Google Scholar
Rogachev, KA. 2000. Recent variability in the Pacific western subarctic boundary currents and Sea of Okhotsk. Progress in Oceanography 47(2–4):299–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, GM, Ferguson, J, Acaylar, K, Johnson, KR, Griffin, S, Druffel, ERM. 2011. Δ14C and δ13C of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon as tracers of coastal upwelling: a 5-year time-series from Southern California. Radiocarbon 53(4):669–677.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, Polach, HA. 1977. Discussion: reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19(3):355–363.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, Quay, PD, Ostlund, HG. 1983. Abyssal water 14C distribution and the age of the world oceans. Science 219(4586):849–851.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, Östlund, G, Key, RM, Reimer, PJ. 1996. Large-volume WOCE radiocarbon sampling in the Pacific Ocean. Radiocarbon 38(3):519–561.Google Scholar
Takatani, Y, Sasano, D, Nakano, T, Midorikawa, T. 2012. Decrease of dissolved oxygen after the mid-1980s in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre along the 137°E repeat section. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 26:GB2013.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T, Otosaka, S, Wakita, M, Amano, H, Togawa, O. 2010. Preliminary results of dissolved organic radiocarbon in the western North Pacific Ocean. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268(7–8):1219–1221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsunogai, S, Watanabe, S, Honda, M, Aramaki, T. 1995. North Pacific Intermediate Water studied chiefly with radiocarbon. Journal of Oceanography 51(5):519–536.Google Scholar
Tsurushima, N, Nojiri, Y, Imai, K, Watanabe, S. 2002. Seasonal variations of carbon dioxide system and nutrients in the surface mixed layer at station KNOT (44°N, 155°E) in the subarctic western North Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 49(24–25):5377–5394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valsala, V, Maksyutov, S, Telszewski, M, Nakaoka, S, Nojiri, Y, Ikeda, M, Murtugudde, R. 2012. Climate impacts on the structures of the North Pacific air-sea CO2 flux variability. Biogeosciences 9:477–492.Google Scholar
Wang, XC, Ge, TT, Xu, CL, Xue, YJ, Luo, CL. 2016. Controls on the sources and cycling of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Changjiang and Huanghe River estuaries, China: 14C and 13C studies. Limnology and Oceanography. Forthcoming.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, D, Yin, B, Liu, Z, Feng, X. 2011. Numerical study of the ocean circulation on the East China Sea shelf and a Kuroshio bottom branch northeast of Taiwan in summer. Journal of Geophysical Research 116(C5):C05015.Google Scholar
Yang, D, Yin, B, Liu, Z, Bai, T, Qi, J, Chen, H. 2012. Numerical study on the pattern and origins of Kuroshio branches in the bottom water of southern East China Sea in summer. Journal of Geophysical Research 117(C2):C02014.Google Scholar
Yasunaka, S, Nojiri, Y, Nakaoka, SI, Ono, T, Mukai, H, Usui, N. 2014. North Pacific dissolved inorganic carbon variations related to the Pacific decadal oscillation. Geophysical Research Letters 41(3):1005–1101.Google Scholar