Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T17:45:29.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

CONTAMINATION OF RADIOCARBON ANALYSES OF PLANT SAMPLES BY FUNGAL HYPHAE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2020

Daniel E Karig*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Chase G Mayers
Affiliation:
School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Cassandra J Wattenburger
Affiliation:
Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
John Southon
Affiliation:
Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected].

Abstract

Fungal hyphae associated with tree roots extending into the surrounding substrate are suspected to have to contaminated buried plant material with recent carbon in two examples and to have resulted in erroneously young radiocarbon ages. This problem might be overcome by choosing sampling sites far from trees or by analyzing the lignin component of samples, although the latter is presently difficult.

Type
Technical Note
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agerer, R. 2001. Exploration types of ectomycorrhizae. Mycorrhiza 11: 107114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arellano, AR, Bianchi, TS, Hutchings, JA, Shields, MR, Cui, X. 2018. Differential effects of solid-phase extraction resins on the measurement of dissolved lignin-phenols and organic matter composition in natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 16:2234.Google Scholar
Anhåuser, T, Sirocko, F, Markus, Greule, Esper, J, Keppler, F. 2014. D/H ratios of methoxyl groups of the sedimentary organic matter of Lake Holzmaar (Eifel, Germany): a potential palaeoclimate/-hydrology proxy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 142:3952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruns, TD. 1995. Thoughts on the processes that maintain local species diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Plant and soil 170:6373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camenzind, T, Rillig, MC. 2013. Extraradical arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae in an organic tropical montane forest soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 64:96102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, X, Benitez-Nelson, BC, Montlucon, DB, Prahl, FG, McNichol, AP, Xu, L, Eglinton, TI. 2013. C-14 and C-13 characteristics of higher plant biomarkers in Washington margin surface sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 105:1430.10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.034CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, PJ, Graf, F, Petrini, LE, Sutton, BC, Wookey, PA. 1995. Fungal endophytes of Dryas octopetala from a high arctic polar semidesert and from the Swiss Alps. Mycologia 87:319323.10.1080/00275514.1995.12026536CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardes, M, Bruns, TD. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2:113118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, KL, Arnold, AE, Miadlikowska, J, Sarvate, SD, Lutzoni, F. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships, host affinity, and geographic structure of boreal and arctic endophytes from three major plant lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42:543555.10.1016/j.ympev.2006.07.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobbie, EA, Ouimette, AP, Schuur, EA, Kierstead, D, Trappe, JM, Bendiksen, K, Ohenoja, E. 2013. Radiocarbon evidence for the mining of organic nitrogen from soil by mycorrhizal fungi. Biogeochemistry 114:381389.Google Scholar
Hou, J, Huang, Y, Brodsky, C, Alexandre, MR, McNichol, AP, King, JW, Hu, FS, Shen, J. 2010. Radiocarbon dating of individual lignin phenols: a new approach for establishing chronology of Late Quaternary lake sediments. Analytical Chemistry 82:71197126.10.1021/ac100494mCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karig, DE, Miller, NG. 2013. Middle Wisconsin glacial advance into the Appalachian Plateau, Sixmile Creek., Tompkins Co., New York. Quaternary Research 80:522533.10.1016/j.yqres.2013.08.008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karig, DE, Ridge, JC. 2015. High level Erie Interstade Proglcial Lakes in the central Finger Lakes Region, NY, and their implications. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 47:82.Google Scholar
Karig, DE, Isacks, BL. 2019. A revised history of Late Quaternary glaciation in the Cayuga basin. NYS Geological Association 91st Annual Meeting, Guidebook for Fieldtrips 91:9–46Google Scholar
Karig, DE, Miller, TS. 2020. Northward subglacial drainage during the Mackinaw Interstade in the Cayuga basin, central New York, USA. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57:981998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khazraie, T, Zhang, Y, Tarasov, D, Gao, W, Price, J, DeMartini, N, Hupa, L, Fatehi, P. 2017. A process for producing lignin and volatile compounds from hydrolysis liquor. Biotechnology for Biofuels 10:47.10.1186/s13068-017-0729-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kilian, MR, Van der Plicht, J, Van Geel, B. 1995. Dating raised bogs: new aspects of AMS 14C wiggle matching, a reservoir effect and climatic change. Quaternary Science Reviews 14:959966.10.1016/0277-3791(95)00081-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kozlowski, AL, Bird, BC, Lowell, TV, Smith, CA, Ferenc, RS, Graham, BL. 2018 Minimum age of the Mapleton, Tully and Labrador Hollow moraines indicates correlation with the Port Huron Phase in central New York State. Geological Society of America Special Paper 530:191216.Google Scholar
Lawson, JT. 1977. Surficial and engineering geology of the Cayuga Inlet Valley, Ithaca, New York [M.Sc. thesis]. Cornell University. p. 84.Google Scholar
Leake, JR, Donnelly, DP, Saunders, EM, Boddy, L, Read, DJ. 2001. Rates and quantities of carbon flux to ectomycorrhizal mycelium following 14C pulse labeling of Pinus sylvestris seedlings: effects of litter patches and interaction with a wood-decomposer fungus. Tree Physiology 21:7182.10.1093/treephys/21.2-3.71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindahl, BD, Ihrmark, K, Boberg, J, Trumbore, SE, Högberg, P, Stenlid, J, Finlay, RD. 2007. Spatial separation of litter decomposition and mycorrhizal nitrogen uptake in a boreal forest. New Phytologist 173:611620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahaney, WC, Boyer, MG. 1986. Microflora distributions in paleosols: a method for calculating the validity of radiocarbon-dated surfaces. Soil Science 142:100107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, EH and Cadwell, DH. 1986. Surficial geologic map of New York-Finger Lakes sheet: New York State Museum, Albany, Geological Survey Map and Chart Series #40, 1 sheet, 1:250,000.Google Scholar
Olsson, IU. 2009. Radiocarbon dating history: early days, questions, and problems met. Radiocarbon 51:143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reitner, J, Schumann, G, Pedersen, K. 2006. Fungi in subterranean environments. In: Gadd, GM, editor. Fungi in biogeochemical cycles. Cambridge University Press. p. 377403.10.1017/CBO9780511550522.017CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santalahti, M, Sun, H, Jumpponen, A, Pennanen, T, Heinonsalo, J. 2016. Vertical and seasonal dynamics of fungal communities in boreal Scots pine forest soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 92:fiw170.10.1093/femsec/fiw170CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, SE, Read, DJ. 2008. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd edition. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Strullu-Derrien, C, Selosse, MA, Kenrick, P, Martin, FM. 2018 The origin and evolution of mycorrhizal symbioses: from palaeomycology to phylogenomics. New Phytologist 220:10121030.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, TJ, Bruns, T, Lee, SJ, Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. p. 315–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, HS, Tarr, RS, Kindle, EM. 1909. Geological atlas of the United States. Folio 169, Watkins Glen-Catatonk. Washington, DC: US Geological Survey. 242 p. Plus maps.Google Scholar
Wohlfarth, B, Skog, G, Possnert, G, and Holmquist, B. 1998. Pitfalls in the AMS radiocarbon-dating of terrestrial macrofossils. Journal of Quaternary Science. 13:137145.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, T, Yao, Y-F. 2015. Endophytic fungal communities associated with vascular plants in the High Arctic Zone are highly diverse and host-plant specific. PLOS ONE 10:e0130051.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed