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Stromatolite Growth in Lagoa Vermelha, Southeastern Coast of Brazil: Evidence of Environmental Changes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 November 2017

Carla Carvalho ,
Maria Isabela N. Oliveira ,
Kita Macario Open the ORCID record for Kita Macario [Opens in a new window] ,
Renato B. Guimarães ,
Carolina N Keim ,
Elisamara Sabadini-Santos  and
Mirian A C Crapez
Carla Carvalho*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geoquímica, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Laboratório de Radiocarbono (LAC-UFF), Instituto de Física, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Maria Isabela N. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Radiocarbono (LAC-UFF), Instituto de Física, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Kita Macario
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Radiocarbono (LAC-UFF), Instituto de Física, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Departamento de Física, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Renato B. Guimarães
Affiliation:
Departamento de Física, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Laboratório de Difração de Raios X (LDRX – UFF), Instituto de Física, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Carolina N Keim
Affiliation:
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Elisamara Sabadini-Santos
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geoquímica, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Mirian A C Crapez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Among the oldest remains of living beings to have inhabited the Earth’s surface, there are the stromatolites—laminated sedimentary rocks associated with lithified mats of layered phototrophic microbial communities—which grow in specific environmental conditions. In the present work, we study a recent carbonatic stromatolite from Lagoa Vermelha (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), a shallow coastal hypersaline lagoon. X-ray diffraction was associated to a depth chronological model defining three different sections based on changes in mineral composition of the stromatolite with increased dolomite content. Although a mean growth rate of 0.19±0.03 mm/yr is observed, the model discloses decreasing growth rates among the sections. Since dolomite formation can be related to high availability of Mg+2, confirmed by an expressive presence of (Ca, Mg)CO3, the lower growth rates were associated to a more arid environment, until approximately 1440 cal AD, with higher temperatures and consequently promoting water evaporation and salinity enhancement.

Keywords

climateradiocarbon AMS datingstromatoliteX-ray diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 60 , Issue 2 , April 2018 , pp. 383 - 393
Copyright
© 2017 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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