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SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SEDIMENTARY PAHS FROM KOLKATA, INDIA USING COMPOUND-CLASS-SPECIFIC RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS (CCSRA)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2024

Hidetoshi Kumata Open the ORCID record for Hidetoshi Kumata [Opens in a new window] ,
Masao Uchida Open the ORCID record for Masao Uchida [Opens in a new window] ,
Mahua Saha ,
Shoichi Saitoh ,
Kanako Mantoku ,
Toshiyuki Kobayashi ,
Tomoaki Okuda Open the ORCID record for Tomoaki Okuda [Opens in a new window] ,
Fumiyuki Nakajima Open the ORCID record for Fumiyuki Nakajima [Opens in a new window] ,
Shiro Hatakeyama  and
Yasuyuki Shibata
...Show all authors
Hidetoshi Kumata*
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
Masao Uchida*
Affiliation:
NIES-TERRA AMS facility, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Mahua Saha
Affiliation:
Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute for Oceanography, Dona, Paura, Goa 403 004, India
Shoichi Saitoh
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
Kanako Mantoku
Affiliation:
NIES-TERRA AMS facility, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Toshiyuki Kobayashi
Affiliation:
NIES-TERRA AMS facility, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Tomoaki Okuda
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
Fumiyuki Nakajima
Affiliation:
Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Shiro Hatakeyama
Affiliation:
Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2144, Japan
Yasuyuki Shibata
Affiliation:
NIES-TERRA AMS facility, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
Hideshige Takada
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
*
*Corresponding authors. Emails: [email protected] & [email protected]
*Corresponding authors. Emails: [email protected] & [email protected]
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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major air pollutants that are ubiquitously produced by the combustion of organic materials, and it is extremely important to identify their pollution sources. In this study, molecular fingerprinting and compound class-specific radiocarbon dating (CCSRA) were performed on PAHs from canal sediments and air samples collected in Kolkata, India’s third largest city (population approximately 16 million), where PAHs pollution has been a serious problem. Average PAH (Σ12-parent PAHs) concentrations in air samples were 65.1 ng m–3 in summer and 70.9 ng m–3 in winter and in canal sediments were 32.7 µg g–1, which are classified as “very high-level” pollution. Molecular fingerprinting using methyl-PAH/PAH (MPAHs/PAHs) ratios and isomer pair ratios with molecular weights of 178, 202, 228, and 276 suggested that wood and coal combustion were the dominant sources of PAHs in the sediment, and that atmospheric PAHs were influenced by oil combustion in addition to them. The fraction of contemporary carbon (ƒC) of sedimentary PAHs (0.056–0.100), together with the extremely low MPAHs/PAHs ratio results, lead to the conclusion that the major source of the high concentration of PAHs in the canals is from coal combustion. On the other hand, the ƒC of atmospheric PAHs (0.272–0.369) was close to the share of biomass fuels in India’s domestic fuel consumption in 2011 (about 35%). Furthermore, the observed ƒC-discrepancy between atmospheric and sedimentary PAHs in the same urban environment was interpreted to give an insight into the loading pathway of PAHs to canal sediments in Kolkata.

Keywords

compound specific radiocarbon analysismicro-scale AMSpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonssource apportioning
Type
Conference Paper
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 66 , Issue 5: 24th Radiocarbon and 10th 14C & Archaeology, Zurich, Sept. 11–16, 2022 Proceedings Part 1 of 2 , October 2024 , pp. 892 - 903
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of University of Arizona

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Footnotes

Selected Papers from the 24th Radiocarbon and 10th Radiocarbon & Archaeology International Conferences, Zurich, Switzerland, 11–16 Sept. 2022.

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